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Objective: The use of technology is increasing, and its impact on health is gaining importance. This study aimed to examine the use of technology in school-age children and investigate the relationship between posture and motor skills. Material and Methods: The cross-sectional and correlational research model sample comprised 116 typically developing children aged 6-14 years. The study employed the socio-demographic information form, New York Posture Rating Chart (NYPR), and Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire. Median, quartiles, and Spearman correlation analyses were used as the data did not follow a normal distribution. Results: The study included 116 children, with a mean age of 10.66±2.73 years (range: 6-14 years), of whom 66 (56.9%) were boys and 50 (43.1%) were girls. Children commonly own televisions, smartphones, or tablets. The median daily usage time for these devices was 100 min for televisions and tablets and 60 min for smartphones. The median total daily screen usage time was 300 min. The study found a moderate negative correlation (p<0.001, r=-482) between total daily screen usage time and posture score, as well as a weak negative correlation (p=0.020, r=-215) with motor coordination. Conclusion: The use of screen-based technological devices in childhood is increasing. The children's posture and motor coordination scores worsened with increasing daily screen exposure. Approaches that reduce childhood screen time and improve physical activity may protect postural and motor coordination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to compare shoulder proprioception, dynamic stability, and upper extremity function between Reformer Pilates practitioners and asymptomatic individuals. Methods: The study included twenty individuals who practiced Reformer Pilates for eight weeks (25.45±2.56) as the case group, and twenty asymptomatic individuals (25.70±1.80) of similar age and gender, who did not participate in any exercise program, as the control group. Shoulder proprioception was assessed using the Clinometer mobile app [4.3.1 (1412091) on IOS] using an active joint position sense. The function, dynamic balance, and stability of the upper extremity and trunk were evaluated with the Y balance test - upper quarter. The dynamic stability of the shoulder was evaluated with the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability test. Results: Shoulder joint position sense (p<0.001, d=1.64 to 3.07), upper extremity functionality (p<0.001, d=1.49 to 2.35), and dynamic stability (p<0.001, d=2.82) were found significantly better in the Reformer Pilates group. Conclusion: Reformer Pilates practitioners have better shoulder joint position sense, upper limb functionality, and dynamic stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spina bifida (SB) has a significant impact on factors such as stress, depression and fatigue in mothers. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between depression and fatigue in mothers of children diagnosed with SB and the functional status of their children. The research was conducted with 75 children (53.3% girls; 46.7% boys) with SB (5.3% meningocele, 94.7% myelomeningocele) aged between 1 and 16 years (mean 6.34 ± SD 3.64) and their mothers aged between 22 and 55 years (mean 33.76 ± SD 7.06). Functional levels of the children were assessed using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and depression and fatigue levels of the mothers were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory and the Fatigue Impact Scale, respectively. No significant correlation was found between maternal fatigue and depression levels and GMFCS levels in children with SB (p>0.05). However, 25.33% of the mothers had minimal, 64% mild, 8% moderate and 2.67% severe depression. It was found that 6.67% of the mothers had some, 45.33% moderate, 44% significant and 4% very significant problems with fatigue. Moderate to severe fatigue is reported by approximately 9 out of 10 parents of children with SB, whereas moderate to severe depression is reported by approximately 1 out of 10. Rehabilitation practices for children with SB should include psychological support for their mothers, regardless of their functional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining vertical position and moving are essential to healthy development. Children with motor difficulties may need assistive devices to stand upright or move. The Dynamic Scaffolding System (DSS) device was developed to support these skills. This study aims to explain the DSS's developmental stages, compare the device's usage times based on diagnoses and motor impairment, and investigate the degree of satisfaction among parents of children using the device. The study included children with difficulty standing or stepping and their parents. We compared usage times of DSS depending on diagnosis (cerebral palsy (CP) or other diagnoses) and motor impairment levels. We assessed parental satisfaction by using the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST 2.0) and recorded adverse events. The ages of the participants (n:100) were between 9 and 108 months (44.94 ± 17.59), and 60% of the children had CP, and 40% had other diagnoses (genetic, metabolic, neuromuscular diseases). The duration of daily use of DSS ranged from 44.17 (±26.16) to 110 (±97.98) minutes, and the duration was similar among children at different levels of motor impairment (p = 0.262). The parents were most satisfied with the size, simplicity of use, and effectiveness, and they were least satisfied with the ease of adjustment, safety, and durability. They did not report any adverse events during the study. DSS can be considered a useable assistive device option for children with CP and other diagnoses with difficulty standing or stepping and a satisfactory device for parents of such children. The Dynamic Scaffolding System (DSS) is a useable trunk-supported adaptive walker for children with moderate to severe motor impairment. Parents are most satisfied with DSS's size, simplicity of use, and effectiveness. Children with moderate and severe motor impairment have similar duration of daily use time of DSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Preterm infants are at high risk for developmental disabilities, and their parents are at increased risk for high stress. Early intervention programs are applied to reduce these adverse outcomes. The primary aim is to compare the efficacy of the novel Explorer Baby early intervention program for the holistic development of preterm infants. The second objective was to compare the stress levels of their mothers. Methods: Randomized clinical trial with 38 weeks–6 months corrected age preterm infants at low risk for cerebral palsy, randomly assigned to experimental (Explorer Baby) or active control neurodevelopmental therapy (NDT) groups. Fifty‐seven infants were enrolled in the study, and 51 (26 Explorer Baby, 25 NDT) completed it. Bayley III was used as a primary outcome before, during, and after the intervention. Results: When we compared the changes between the groups before and after therapy, no significant differences were found in any of the primary or secondary outcomes (between‐group comparisons). When comparing the changes in both groups before and after therapy (in‐group comparison), the Explorer Baby group demonstrated significant improvements in cognitive (Hedges' g =.83) and explorative language skills (Hedges' g =.65), whereas the NDT group showed improved parent–child dysfunctional interaction (Hedges' g = 2.66) between T0–T1 and T0–T2. Conclusions: The Explorer Baby early intervention program may be a preferred option to support premature infants without brain injury, as it shows greater skill acquisition than NDT, although not statistically significant. Both methods are safe as they support premature babies without negatively affecting mothers' overall stress levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study is to compare musculoskeletal system complaints, fatique, and sleep quality in front-line and secondline healthcare worker trating COVİD-19 patients. 152 healthcare worker between the ages of 18 and 65 who worked in outpatient clinics, services, COVİD-19 units, or administrative management were included in this study. Healthcare worker who had mission in the diagnosis, treatment, and isolation of patients diagnosed with COVİD-19 were determined as front-line workers (26F, 45M) and healthcare worker who didn't have this kind of mission were defined as second-line workers (40F, 41M). After the collection of the participants "demographic data" the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), the Fatique Severity Scale (FSS), and the Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS) were used to assess the participant musculoskeletal pain, fatique, and sleep quality, respectively. A significant difference was found in the training time, job experience, and number of weekly shifts of healthcare workers working on the front-line healthcare workers compared to operating the second-line healthcare workers (p=0.05). Front-line healthcare workers reported more neck and back pain, while second-line healthcare workers reported more lower back pain. It was found that front-line healthcare workers had higher levels of fatique severity (t(150): 4.264, p=0.001, Cohen's d:0.69), lower levels of sleep quality (t(150): 4.479, p=0.001, Cohen's d:0.72). Shift programs should be arranged to reduce fatique and sleep problems of front-line healthcare workers, and protective neck and back muscles exercise programs should be given for front and second-line healthcare workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pediatric Upper-extremity Motor Activity Log-Revised (PMAL-R) is a structured interview that measures use of the more-affected arm in daily life in children with cerebral palsy (CP). This study investigated the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of a Turkish version of the PMAL-R. The PMAL-R was translated and cross-culturally adapted to Turkish and administered to parents of eighty children with hemiplegic CP between 2-17 years. Its concurrent validity was examined by correlating scores on the PMAL-R How Well and How Often scales with ABILHAND-Kids scores. Fifty parents were re-interviewed after three weeks to establish test-retest reliability. PMAL-R scores were strongly correlated with ABILHAND-Kids scores (How Well scale, r = 0.78, p < 0.001; How Often scale, r = 0.59, p < 0.001). PMAL-R test-retest reliability (Intraclass correlation; How Often = 0.98, How Well = 0.99) and internal consistency (Cronbach's α; How Often = 0.96, How Well = 0.97) were high. This translation of the PMAL-R has good reliability and validity for measuring everyday use of the more-affected arm in Turkish children with hemiparesis due to CP between 2–17 years. An instrument that evaluates real-world arm use in Turkish children with CP. Reliability and concurrent validity of the Turkish PMAL-R is established in 2–17-year old with upper-extremity hemiparesis. Systematic replication of the clinimetric properties of the English PMAL-R is demonstrated in a wider age range than previously, 2–17 years vs. 2–8 years. Reliability and concurrent validity of the PMAL-R is shown in both children with right and left hemiparesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Motor development is at the forefront of evaluation of neurodevelopmental functions in the first 6 months of life. Significant spontaneous movement patterns of infants are called general movements. General movements are rough and complex movements involving the entire body. Prechtl qualitative assesment of general movements (GMA) can be performed in the first 20 weeks. It has been reported that GMA can identify motor problems with 98% sensitivity. Our aim is to investigate the specificity and sensitivity of GMA in our series by comparing the results of GMA and neurological evaluation. Materials and Methods: Eighty infants who were less than 20 weeks old were included into the study. All infants were assessed with both neurological evaluation and video recording for the GMA at the Spastic Childrens Foundation of Turkey. As a standard technique; video recording was obtained in the GMA room of comfortably dressed infants when they were not sleepy or restless in the GMA room for 3-5 minutes in the supine position. The assessments were based on the corrected age for the preterm infants. Results: The GMA and neurological evaluation results were found to be incompatible with each other in only 8 of 80 infants. A total of 90 video recordings were made of the 80 infants. Our study revealed that GMA can identify the motor problems with 95.8% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that GHA may be an independent method that can identify motor problems during infancy. This study has an importance because it is one of the few independent studies that was completed by a differentiated cerebral palsy center, where GMA is applied as a standard method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ'07) is an instrument for screening children between 5 and 15 years of age. Although it is popular, this instrument has not been adapted for use with Turkish children, and there is no valid similar screening tool in Turkey. Thus, this study aimed to provide a cross-cultural adaptation of the DCDQ'07 for Turkish children. We performed the translation process using well-established cross-cultural adaptation guidelines, and we recruited 736 parents (361 males, 375 females) of typically developing children with a mean (M) age of 9.27 years (standard deviation = 2 years 5 months, range: 5.0–14.9 years). We determined the internal consistency of the questionnaire by item and total score correlations, Cronbach's α and item-deleted Cronbach's α. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to determine test–retest reliability after an interval of 5 days. The Cronbach's α of the Turkish DCDQ'07 was .890 for the total questionnaire. All the item-deleted Cronbach's α values were lower than the total value of .890, except the bull in a China shop item (Cronbach's α values .896). Test–retest reliability ranged from .99 to 1.00. The Turkish DCDQ is a valid and reliable screening tool for assessing the motor performance of children between 5 and 15 years of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Aim Study design Results Conclusion Relevance to Clinical Practice Early mobilization are key components of the ABCDEF Care Bundle and critical treatments to reduce acquired muscle weakness, delirium and prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay.This study aimed to determine whether routine early mobilization related to intracranial pressure in intensive care patients on mechanical ventilation, using optic nerve sheath diameter measurement (ONSD).This study was planned as a prospective, cohort study in the third‐step adult ICU of a faculty hospital. The study included only patients who were intubated and followed up on a mechanical ventilator and were clinically stable. Passive range of motion (PROM) exercises were performed daily by the physiotherapists as part of routine care from the day of hospitalization. ONSD was assessed before, during and 10 min after PROM exercises.The study included 20 eligible patients out of the 142 who were evaluated upon admission to the ICU. The median age of the patients was 65 years, and nine (45%) of them were female. The analyses showed that there was no statistically significant change in ONSD during and at the end of the PROM (ONSD right eye p:.621, Partial η2: 0.025, ONSD left eye p:.935, Partial η2: 0.004). Similarly, there was no statistically significant change in haemodynamic parameters in during and at the end of the PROM (Heart beat p:.849, Partial η2: 0.009, Systolic Pressure p:.435, Partial η2: 0.043, Diastolic Pressure p:.128, Partial η2:0.103, Saturation p:.103, Partial η2: 0.113 and Respiratory rate p:.071, Partial η2:0.130).This study suggests that daily extremity physiotherapy exercises can be safely applied without causing increased intracranial pressure or haemodynamic instability in intensive care patients followed up on mechanical ventilation, including patients with vasopressor therapy.Early mobilization, including PROM, is considered safe in terms of intracranial pressure for intubated patients in the ICU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study is whether any relationship between Foot Posture Index and dynamic balance and ankle proprioception. Methods: Fifteen female and 15 male totally 30 young adults (age range between 20-25 years) were included in the study. Static foot postures of subjects were assessed by using the 6-item Foot Posture Index (FPI). Ankle joint proprioception was measured using the Biodex System 4 Pro (Specific angles were shown to participants. It was asked to find these angles with their eyes closed and the divergence angle recorded. "In case of finding the desired angle, the proprioception was saved as 0"), a dynamic balance was assessed with Pedalo. Independent T-test was used to compare neutral and prone foot types. Pearson correlation test was used to investigate whether there was a significant relationship between foot posture index scores and other measurements. Significance was determined as p <0.05. Results: There were no significant relationships between foot posture index with dynamic balance and ankle proprioception (p-value >0,05). There was no significant correlation between dynamic balance and ankle proprioception (p-value >0,05). Conclusions: The results showed that Ankle proprioception and dynamic balance did not differ between neutral and prone foot. These results may be due to little sample size. Further studies should be carried out to interpret that link more accurately by increasing the number of cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]