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2. New data on settlement and environment at the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary in Sudano-Sahelian West Africa: Interdisciplinary investigation at Fatandi V, Eastern Senegal.

Author

Benoît Chevrier, Laurent Lespez, Brice Lebrun, Aline Garnier, Chantal Tribolo, Michel Rasse, Guillaume Guérin, Norbert Mercier, Abdoulaye Camara, Matar Ndiaye, and Eric Huysecom

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

The end of the Palaeolithic represents one of the least-known periods in the history of western Africa, both in terms of its chronology and the identification of cultural assemblages entities based on the typo-technical analyses of its industries. In this context, the site of Fatandi V offers new data to discuss the cultural pattern during the Late Stone Age in western Africa. Stratigraphic, taphonomical and sedimentological analyses show the succession of three sedimentary units. Several concentrations with rich lithic material were recognized. An in situ occupation, composed of bladelets, segments, and bladelet and flake cores, is confirmed while others concentrations of lithic materials have been more or less disturbed by erosion and pedogenic post-depositional processes. The sequence is well-dated from 12 convergent OSL dates. Thanks to the dating of the stratigraphic units and an OSL date from the layer (11,300-9,200 BCE [13.3-11.2 ka at 68%, 14.3-10.3 ka at 95%]), the artefacts are dated to the end of Pleistocene or Early Holocene. Palaeoenvironmental data suggest that the settlement took place within a mosaic environment and more precisely at the transition between the open landscape of savanna on the glacis and the plateau, and the increasingly densely-wooded alluvial corridor. These humid areas must have been particularly attractive during the dry season by virtue of their rich resources (raw materials, water, trees, and bushes). The Fatandi V site constitutes the first stratified site of the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary in Senegal with both precise geochronological and palaeoenvironmental data. It complements perfectly the data already obtained in Mali and in the rest of western Africa, and thus constitutes a reference point for this period. In any case, the assemblage of Fatandi V, with its bladelets and segments and in the absence of ceramics and grinding material, fits with a cultural group using exclusively geometric armatures which strongly differs from another group characterized by the production of bifacial armatures, accompanied in its initial phase by ceramics (or stoneware) and grinding material.

Published
2020
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3. Les mégalithes du Sénégal et de la Gambie dans leur contexte régional

Author

Luc Laporte, Hamady Bocoum, Adrien Delvoye, Kléna Sanogo, Jean Polet, Baba Ceesay, Jean-Paul Cros, Adama Athié, Selim Djouad, Matar Ndiaye, Barbara Armbruster, Aziz Ballouche, Barbara Eichhorn, Aline Garnier, Laurent Lespez, Vivien Mathé, and Caroline Robion-Brunner

Subjects
megaliths, sepulchral practices, funerary monument, tumulus, burial, Archaeology, CC1-960, History of the arts, NX440-632
Abstract

Stone architectures of the Senegambian megalithism have long been considered as an autonomous entity in a sector of the African continent where adobe constructions are traditionally favoured. Our knowledge of these monuments has been deeply modified by ten years of archaeological research on the World Heritage site of Wanar (Senegal). This paper review these new elements in their regional context, integrating available data about protohistoric funerary monuments in Senegal as well as in Mali, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sierra Leone and even sometimes more widely. The authors have demonstrated – in a more systematic way than in previous work – that several features of the Senegambian funerary customs can find an echo in the West African ethnological record.

Published
2017
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4. Multi-millennial human impacts and climate change during the Maya early Anthropocene: implications on hydro-sedimentary dynamics and socio-environmental trajectories (Naachtun, Guatemala)

Author

Cyril Castanet, Louise Purdue, Marc Testé, Aline Garnier, Anne-Lise Develle-Vincent, Fatima Mokadem, Christine Hatté, Caroline Gauthier, Philippe Lanos, Philippe Dufresne, Eva Lemonnier, Lydie Dussol, Julien Hiquet, Philippe Nondédéo, Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Archéologie des Amériques (ArchAm), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Petén Norte NAACHTUN (2010–2022, dir. P. Nondédéo, supports: Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires Etrangères MEAE, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Pacunam foundation, Perenco company, Simone et Cino Del Duca foundation), MAYANAT (2020–2021, coord. C. Castanet, supports: Institut Écologie et Environnement INEE of the CNRS), HYDROAGRO (2014–2016, coord. E. Lemonnier, C. Castanet, supports: Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne)., ANR-11-LABX-0046,Dynamite,Dynamiques Territoriales et spatiales(2011), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Archeology, Global and Planetary Change, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Geology, Central America, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Sedimentology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Naachtun, Maya, Erosion, Anthropocene, Wetland, Polje, Paleolimnology, Geoarcheology, Hydrology, Bajo, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Anthropization
Abstract

International audience; During the Maya early Anthropocene (2000 BCE e 1000 CE) in Mesoamerica, socio-environmental in-teractions contributed to the rise and decline of the ancient Maya civilisation. At the scale of the exploitation territories of the Maya cities, the temporal variations of hydrological and sedimentary dynamics in response to anthropogenic and climate drivers are still poorly known. This constrains diachronic analyses of socio-ecosystems and, more particularly, of water and soil resources in the hinterlands. This manuscript analyses and presents a regional comparison of the dynamics of one of the most transformed hydrosystems and morpho-sedimentary systems by the societies of the Southern Maya Lowlands (SMLs), during the second half of the Holocene. It focuses on the lake basin of the polje named El Infierno bajo and its watershed, which was the main water storage area for the Maya city of Naachtun e a large regional capital between 150 and 950 CE e, and which contains many remains of hydraulic and agrarian structures. This integrated palaeolimnological, geoarchaeological and hydrological approach, based on the analyses of morpho sedimentary archives, LiDAR altimetry data and hydrological data, resulted in the construction of hydro-sedimentary baselines (pre- syn- and post-ancient Maya anthropogenic impacts). Currently, the intermittent lake (civale) of this bajo responds to strong seasonal and interannual hydrological variabilities, under climate control. During the past 5500 years, hydro-sedimentary fluctuations were marked by the alternation of seven main hydrological periods (HP),characterised by high and low lake levels (alternately perennial, intermittent and dry lake) and six main erosion and sediment transfer periods (ESTP), marked by strong and low alluvial and colluvial detrital inputs in the lowlands. Anthropogenic and climate forcings have independently or jointly controlled the hydrologic and sedimentary budgets of the lake basin. Lithofacies, depositional processes, accumulation rates and drivers of the anthropogenic detrital inputs – the so-called “Maya clays” –, are analysed and quantified from ∼1500 BCE to ∼1150 CE. It thus reveals one of the longest periods of occupation and exploitation of natural resources of the SMLs, for over 2500 years during the Preclassic, Classic and Post-classic Maya periods. The hydro-sedimentary dynamics in the bajos of the SMLs Elevated Interior Region (EIR), such as El Infierno, enabled the long-term exploitation of water and soil resources for agrarian purposes, thanks to the construction of hydraulic and agrarian palimpsest landscapes shaped by the socio-ecosystems.

Published
2022

5. Interdisciplinary approach to past and present foodways in south Casamance (Senegal). A use-wear study on ceramic pots

Author

Debels, Pauline, Vieugué, Julien, Champion, Louis, Regert, Martine, Mazuy, Arnaud, Aline, Garnier, Fichet, Valentine, Mayor, Anne, FICHET, VALENTINE, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Préhistoire et Technologie (PréTech), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

6. Fuel and fire in pre-Columbian agroforestry: the Maya Lowland site of Naachtun, Guatemala

Author

Lydie Dussol, Boris Vannière, Louise Purdue, Cyril Castanet, François Orange, Marc Testé, Eva Lemonnier, Aline Garnier, Isabelle Théry-Parisot, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Dussol, Lydie, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ENVIR] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

7. How to highlight slash-and-burn agriculture in ancient soils? A modern baseline of agrarian fire imprint in the Guatemalan lowlands using charcoal particle analysis

Author

Lydie Dussol, Louise Purdue, Boris Vannière, Eva Lemonnier, Marc Testé, François Orange, Isabelle Théry-Parisot, Cyril Castanet, Aline Garnier, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, business.industry, Slash-and-burn, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Agrarian society, Infiltration (hydrology), Soil structure, Taxon, Agriculture, visual_art, Soil water, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Environmental science, 0601 history and archaeology, Physical geography, business, Charcoal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

This paper deals with the identification of past slash-and-burn agriculture in soils. Slash-and-burn is inferred to have been used by ancient people since the emergence of agriculture but its detection in archaeological and paleoenvironmental records often remains ambiguous, mainly because we lack knowledge about how agrarian fires are recorded in soils. We study charcoal assemblages from profiles excavated in four contemporary farm plots in the tropical forest of northern Guatemala, in order to provide a baseline of the slash-and-burn signature. By combining analyses of charcoal >2 mm (pedoanthracology) with infra-millimetric charcoal 100–400 µm, we compare charcoal concentration, distribution of size classes, morphotypes and taxon spectra between plots and between layers in each profile. Our results show that 1) different practices (length of cultivation cycle, duration of use, number of fires) leave different charcoal assemblages; 2) soil structure and porosity seem to greatly impact the preservation of the slash-and-burn signal by modifying the degree of infiltration of infra-millimetric charcoal; 3) infra-millimetric particles identified as Asteraceae achenes are homogenously abundant in the profiles, suggesting that achenes have a different behavior in soils compared to the other particles, and that they might be more impacted by aerial transport. Our study shows that the combination of pedoanthracology with analysis of infra-millimetric soil charcoal has the potential to track changing slash-and-burn regimes, and thus to clarify spatial–temporal patterns of agriculture intensification and extensification in people history.

Published
2021

9. The phytoliths of Naachtun (Petén, Guatemala): Development of a modern reference for the characterization of plant communities in the Maya Tropical Lowlands

Author

Louise Purdue, Cyril Castanet, Philippe Nondédéo, Lydie Dussol, Eva Lemonnier, Enecon Oxlaj, Marc Testé, Nicole Limondin-Lozouet, Aline Garnier, Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Organización de Manejo y Conservación (OMYC), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Archéologie des Amériques (ArchAm), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010506 paleontology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Naachtun, Phytoliths assemblages, Ecosystem, Transect, Phytolith indexes, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, Paleontology, Plant community, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Geography, Maya Lowland, Phytolith, Petén forests, Quadrat, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Bioindicator, Sival wetland, Undergrowth
Abstract

International audience; Phytoliths, unlike pollen and charcoal, are frequently conserved in sediments in the Maya lowlands but are rarely used as paleoenvironmental proxies. To better interpret and reconstruct paleoecological signatures and changes, it is necessary to provide current analogues of fossil assemblages. To do so, we selected six modern ecosystems and differentiated them by their soil phytolith assemblages in the ancient Maya city of Naachtun (northern Petén, Guatemala). We studied the plant communities and relative phytoliths frequencies in surface soils on four north-south vegetation transect, composed of 43 quadrats. These transects cross forests and savannahs in low swampy areas North and South of the site, and hill forest in its center, where the city was built. Quadrats were statistically compared using multivariate analyses (CA). Six types of plant communities were characterized by their phytolith assemblages, as well as on the presence of siliceous bioindicators such as diatoms and sponges. The D/P and LU indexes developed for these assemblages allow us to provide a precise signature of the current vegetation cover, and identify the presence of undergrowth in forest areas, or forest edges in savannah areas. This first modern phytolith reference for the Maya area will contribute to the development of paleoecological reconstructions for this zone.

Published
2020

10. Identification and characterization of ancient agricultural landscapes and practices in upland tropical environments (Central Maya Lowlands, Naachtun-Guatemala)

Author

Louise Purdue, Lydie Dussol, Marc Testé, Eva Lemonnier, Thierry Blasco, Montanes Maryline, Cyril Castanet, Aline Garnier, Philippe Nondédéo, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Archéologie des Amériques (ArchAm), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Dussol, Lydie, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

11. Hydro-agro-system of the wetlands in the Central Maya Lowlands: the wetland features of the bajos in the hinterland of Naachtun (Petén tropical forest, Guatemala)

Author

Cyril Castanet, Amaury Fernandes, Aline Garnier, Marc Testé, Bompard M., Julien Cavero, Develle Anne-Lise, György Sipos, Lydie Dussol, Eva Lemonnier, Louise Purdue, Philippe Nondédéo, Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Archéologie des Amériques (ArchAm), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dussol, Lydie, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

12. The lost phytoliths of Naachtun (Petén, Guatemala): Development of a modern reference for the characterization of plant environments in the Maya Tropical Lowlands

Author

Marc Testé, Aline Garnier, Cyril Castanet, Louise Purdue, Eva Lemonnier, Nicole Limondin-Lozouet, Philippe Nondédéo, Lydie Dussol, Enecon Oxlaj, CEPAM, Labo, Centre de recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (CR2P), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Archéologie des Amériques (ArchAm), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory
Abstract

International audience; The lost phytoliths of Naachtun (Petén, Guatemala): Development of a modern reference for the characterization of plant environments in the Maya Tropical Lowlands

Published
2019

13. Fluvial System Dynamics of Sudano-Sahelian Zone during the Late Holocene. The Yamé River (Dogon Country, Mali)

Author

Aline Garnier, Laurent Lespez, Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fluvial, Sediment, Climate change, Context (language use), 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Arid, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 13. Climate action, Tributary, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Erosion, Physical geography, Holocene, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

In West Africa, most palaeoenvironmental studies have focused on the role of climatic change on the environment. Because of the richness of its deposits, the Yame River (Mali), a tributary of the Niger River, offers an opportunity to reconstruct the evolution of this fluvial system in comparison with both climatic and anthropogenic changes during the Late Holocene. To investigate more closely the spatio-temporal response of the fluvial system, sedimentary analyses were conducted on seven reaches distributed along the 137 km length of the Yame valley. This approach testifies of the possibility for each time slice and river reach (1) to reconstruct the fluvial style and processes and (2) to estimate the sediment storage volume reflecting sediment distribution patterns. Results reveal a wide variability of the sedimentary cascade suggesting contrasting responses to external and local controls. Humid (4200–2900 cal. BP; 450–24 cal. BP) or arid (2350–1700 cal. BP) phases have been recorded in fluvial archives while an intensification in erosion and sediment supplies, even during the arid period (2900–2350 cal. BP and the 20th century), may be associated with an increase in human pressure. Two other periods are related to both climate and anthropogenic factors. During 1700–1400 cal. BP phase huge sediment supplies can be explained mainly by the reactivation of both hydrological processes and human occupation after an intense and long arid event. Dispersed sediment sinks recorded during the 450–24 cal. BP period originate from the combination of intensification of colluvial processes and a wet phase context originating from global climatic change. Thus, this study provides evidence that climate is the strongest driver for the fluvial response of these semi-arid and tropical rivers while human disturbance appear as a secondary factor due to the high sensitivity of the environment to climate variability in such areas.

Published
2019

14. Environmental changes over the two past millennia in Western Africa: first results of the study of the alluvial terraces in the Sansandé ravine (Falémé valley, Eastern Senegal)

Author

Eric Huysecom, Aline Garnier, Michel Rasse, Irka Hajdas, Brice Lebrun, Sarah Davidoux, Chantal Tribolo, Laurent Lespez, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Caen), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Identité et Différenciation de l’Espace, de l’Environnement et des Sociétés (IDEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Physiologie et physiopathologie du système nerveux somato-moteur et neurovégétatif (PPSN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), and Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Afrique de l'Ouest, Sedimentology, 01 natural sciences, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Late Holocene, ddc:590, terrasse alluviale, Geoarcheology, Western Africa, sédimentologie, Holocène récent, géoarchéologie, Alluvial terrace, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

L’objectif de cet article est de présenter les résultats préliminaires de l'étude d'une séquence sédimentaire de l'Holocène récent située dans la vallée de la Falémé au Sénégal oriental. Ce secteur fait l'objet de campagnes de fouilles archéologiques et de prospections géomorphologiques depuis 2011. Les travaux toujours en cours ont jusque-là permis de comprendre l’organisation des formes et de l’architecture des formations quaternaires de cette vallée ainsi que de fonder un cadre chronostratigraphique solide. La présence de données archéologiques abondantes a permis de replacer cette séquence dans une perspective géoarchéologique. Néanmoins, les archives sédimentaires conservées dans le fond de la vallée de la Falémé et analysées jusqu’à présent couvrent principalement la fin du Pléistocène. Initiée en 2016, l’étude d'un affluent temporaire de la Falémé, le ravin de Sansandé, a permis de déceler des archives sédimentaires de l'Holocène récent. La méthodologie consiste en l’identification puis l'analyse des formes et formations géomorphologiques. Les sondages et les études de laboratoire réalisés sur les sédiments de deux terrasses alluviales datées des deux derniers millénaires par la méthode du radiocarbone et de l’OSL mettent en évidence des rythmes de la morphogenèse principalement guidés par les changements climatiques. Ainsi, les populations ayant occupé notre zone d'étude au premier et second millénaire ont connu une variabilité de leur environnement qui a sans doute affecté leurs pratiques. Inversement, la formation de ces accumulations sédimentaires semble avoir été contrôlée par l'intensification des pratiques pastorales et agricoles dans la vallée. Ces enregistrements sédimentaires fournissent un nouveau jalon de l'évolution des interactions Environnement/Sociétés au cours de l'Holocène récent dans un espace qui comporte encore peu d’études comparables. The aim of this paper is to present the preliminary results of the study of a Recent Holocene sedimentary sequence located in the Falémé valley in Eastern Senegal (West Africa). Geomorphological prospections and archeological excavations are performed in this area since 2011. So far the research allowed an understanding of the valley geometry and the establishment of a robust chronostratigraphical framework based on OSL and radiocarbon dating. The richness of the archeological data allows the development of a geoarcheological approach. However, the sedimentary archive of the valley constrains our research on the Pleistocene period. Since 2016, the study of a temporary affluent of the Faleme River made it possible to analyze well-preserved Recent Holocene sediments. The methodology includes field work to recognize the geomorphological forms and formations observed in the ravine during the dry season. The field and laboratory work led on the sediment of two alluvial terraces allocated to the two last ka, allow us to understand the palaeoenvironmental evolution that affect this area. They highlight morphogenesis rhythms mainly driven by climate change. Thus the population who occupied the area study during that period have been exposed to a significant environmental variability, which likely affected their practice. In turn, the sedimentary accumulation seems to have been partly controlled by the intensification of pastoral and agricultural activity in the valley. These sedimentary records provide a new milestone in the evolution of Environment/Society interactions during the Late Holocene in an area that still has few comparable studies.

Published
2018

15. Du site à l'environnement : approche géoarchéologique de deux sites du Pléistocène supérieur en Afrique de l'Ouest (vallée de la Falémé, Sénégal)

Author

Sarah Davidoux, Maria Lorenzo Martinez, Laurent Lespez, Aline Garnier, Michel Rasse, Brice Lebrun, Benoît Chevrier, Chantal Tribolo, Eric Huysecom, Clement Virmoux, Katja Douze, Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Identité et Différenciation de l’Espace, de l’Environnement et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Archéologie et Peuplement de l'Afrique (Unité d'Anthropologie) (APA), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève (UNIGE), TRIBOLO, Chantal, Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)

Subjects
[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

16. Dynamiques techniques et environnementales dans la vallée de la Falémé (Sénégal) : résultats de la 20ème campagne du programme « Peuplement humain et paléoenvironnement en Afrique

Author

Anne Mayor, Douze Katja, Maria Lorenzo Martinez, Miriam Truffa Giachet, Aymeric Jacques, Hamady Bocoum, Champion Louis, Cervera Camille, Sarah Davidoux, Aline Garnier, Irka Hajdas, Lebrun Brice, Laurent Lespez, Serge Loukou, Mokadem, F., Mamadou Ndiaye, Thomas Pelmoine, Michel Rasse, Vincent Serneels, Chantal Tribolo, Clement Virmoux, Walmsley, A., Huysecom Eric, Laboratoire Archéologie et Peuplement de l'Afrique (Unité d'Anthropologie) (APA), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (IFAN), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Université de Thiès, Identité et Différenciation de l’Espace, de l’Environnement et des Sociétés (IDEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Université de Fribourg, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), and TRIBOLO, Chantal

Subjects
West Africa, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Iron Age, Population Dynamics, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Paleoenvironment, Senegal, Ancient Gold exploitation, ddc:590, Archaeology, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, West African Empires, Lithic technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Palaeolithic, Protohistory, Paleometallurgy
Abstract

Cet article présente les résultats de la campagne de terrain menée au Sénégal oriental en 2017 dans le cadre du programme international « Peuplement humain et paléoenvironnement en Afrique ». Il intègre les résultats de deux projets complémentaires : le projet ANR-FNS CheRCHA, ainsi que le projet FNS Falémé. Le premier vise à reconstituer le cadre chronostratigraphique et les évolutions culturelles au Pléistocène et à l'Holocène ancien et moyen dans la vallée de la Falémé, tandis que le second est ciblé sur les dynamiques techniques des deux derniers millénaires au Sénégal oriental.

Published
2018

17. Phytolith Analysis from the Archaeological Site of Kota Cina (North Sumatra, Indonesia)

Author

Aline Garnier, Yohan Chabot, I Made Geria, Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, Taphonomy, geography.geographical_feature_category, Cultivated plant taxonomy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Wetland, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Siltation, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Geography, Habitat, Phytolith, Human settlement, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 14. Life underwater, Mangrove, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

In archaeological sites where plant remains (charcoal, seeds, pollens…) are not preserved, phytoliths constitute a major proxy to provide information about resources and human practices. Because of their siliceous structure, they offer new perspectives to reconstruct environmental changes and human development. This paper presents the first phytolith analysis in Sumatra (western Indonesia) from the historical archaeological site of Kota Cina. This site was an ancient trade harbour of the Strait of Malacca between the XI–XIVth centuries AD. Nowadays, it is located at 7 km from the coast. This study aims to assess the potential of phytoliths in a coastal tropical wetland. The objectives of this paper are (1) to document the vegetation evolution in a coastal environment changing in Kota Cina during the last 1000 years and (2) the human activities impact (e.g. land clearings, cultivations) on the environment. The phytolith assemblages of seventeen modern soil samples collected in various habitats and twenty-six fossil samples were analysed. The results underline the potential of the phytolith signature and the difficulties of interpretation of the assemblages of certain environments, especially because of a complex taphonomy. However, in combination with geomorphological and archaeological data, the study of phytoliths provides four stages of vegetation changes over the last 1000 years: (1) before the first human settlements, the volcano-sedimentary sequence of the site is devoid of phytoliths; (2) in the XIth century AD, the estuarine environment of Kota Cina is covered with a dense forest to the south and a palm mangrove to the north; (3) between the XIIth and the XIIIth centuries AD, the vegetation changes with the first human settlements and siltation of the estuarine land. Poaceae morphotypes increase and the first cultivated plants are identified as Musaceae. In the north, the vegetation is similar to that of the XIth century AD; (4) After the XIIIth century AD and the abandonment of the site, a widespread opening of the vegetation occurs as attested by the increase of Poaceae GSCP. This is probably the result of the human land clearings due to the development of colonial plantations from the XIXth century onwards in a more terrestrial geomorphological context.

Published
2018

18. Adaptation of the Life+ Mil’Ouv eco-pastoral diagnostic method to the Albanian context

Author

Aline Garnier, Claire Bernard-Mongin, Dobi, P., Launay, F., Lerin, F., Marie, J., Medolli, B., Sirot, B., Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), Rural Association Support Program (RASP), Institut de l'élevage (IDELE), Parc national des Cévennes (PnC), Ministère de l'Écologie, de l'Energie, du Développement durable et de l'Aménagement du territoire, Conservatoire des Espaces Naturels du Languedoc-Roussillon (CEN L-R), MADA, and CIHEAM-IAMM

Subjects
NATURE CONSERVATION, AGROBIODIVERSITY, METHODS, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, ALBANIA, AGROSILVOPASTORAL SYSTEMS, DIAGNOSIS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

Document réalisé dans le cadre des programmes BiodivBalkans et Life+ Mil'Ouv

Published
2016

19. Eco-pastoral diagnosis in the Karaburun Peninsula, 15 to 22 May 2016. Conclusions and strategic issues for natural protected areas

Author

Claire Bernard-Mongin, Aline Garnier, Lerin, C., Lerin, F., Marie, J., Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), Parc National des Cévennes, French Global Environmental Facility (FFEM), Mountain Area Development Agency (MADA) – upon International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) funds, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), and CIHEAM-IAMM

Subjects
CONSERVATION DE LA NATURE, PROTECTED GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION, PRODUIT DE MONTAGNE, PASTORALISME, METHODE, PATRIMOINE NATUREL, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, DIAGNOSIS, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY METHODS, PASTORALISM, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, HIGHLANDS, DIAGNOSTIC, DEVELOPPEMENT RURAL, ZONE PROTEGEE, LABEL DE QUALITE, MOUNTAIN PRODUCT, INDICATION GEOGRAPHIQUE PROTEGEE, REGION D'ALTITUDE, METHODE D'ELEVAGE, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, ALBANIA, SYSTEME DE PRODUCTION, AGROBIODIVERSITE, FARMING SYSTEM, PROTECTED AREA, ALBANIE, QUALITY LABELS, NATURE CONSERVATION, NATURAL RESOURCE ENDOWMENT, AGROBIODIVERSITY, METHODS
Abstract

Document réalisé dans le cadre du programme BiodivBalkans et en partenariat avec le programme Life+ Mil'Ouv et le Parc National des Cévennes; This short report is produced within the frame of the BiodivBalkans project (2012-2016). This project is dedicated to foster rural development in mountainous regions through the construction of Signs of Quality and Origin (SIQO). One of its main outputs was to shed the light on the pastoral and localized livestock systems in Albania and in Balkan's surrounding countries, as a central issue for biodiversity conservation through the maintenance of High Nature Value farming systems. They are an important component of European agriculture not only for the conservation of biodiversity, but also for cultural heritage, quality products, and rural employment. The core experience of this project was (and still is) the creation of a Protected Geographical Indication on the "Hasi goat kid meat" based on stakeholders collective action and knowledge brokering. During that learning process and to effectively enforce the relation between rural development and biodiversity conservation, we used an original Ecological and Pastoral diagnosis method, imported from an EU Life+ program (Mil'Ouv, 2013-2017). This method was pioneered in France, then adapted and tested in Albania, in the Hasi Region first (2015), and this year on the Karaburun peninsula (2016). In both cases, an in-depth analysis of the local livestock's systems is preceding the diagnosis implementation. Pastoralism is a pretty complex issue in that sense that it deals with a high diversity of situations which need local diagnosis at different scales with a decisive implication of local actors, especially the livestock farmers. They are key players in building adequate knowledge of these local situations: problems, opportunities, trends and threats… The originality of this Ecological and Pastoral diagnosis method is precisely to work at different scales (from the pastoral massif to the ecological topo-facies) and to elaborate a practical diagnosis with a trio composed by: a naturalist, a livestock specialist and the breeder himself/ or herself. Our main objective with these field-work notes is to convince local and national institutions in charge of the Albanian natural Protected Areas (PA) that this participatory & multi-scale method is a strong way to enhance & conceive inclusive “management plans”. Indeed, most of the protected areas in Albanian and in the Mediterranean regions of the Balkans include a large share of mountainous and hilly territories where pastoral activity is a major (if not essential) element of the rural and agricultural life and economics, and as such of the environment management.

Published
2016

20. A question of timing: spatio-temporal structure and mechanisms of early agriculture expansion in West Africa

Author

Aline Garnier, Aziz Ballouche, Olivier Pays, Laurent Lespez, Eric Huysecom, Sylvain Ozainne, Katharina Neumann, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG-Angers), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Goethe University, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Laboratoire Archéologie et Peuplement de l'Afrique (Unité d'Anthropologie) (APA), Université de Genève (UNIGE), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, Environmental change, Pastoralism, 01 natural sciences, Climate-culture interactions, West africa, law.invention, Pearl millet, Diffusion, ddc:590, law, West Africa, 0601 history and archaeology, Economic geography, Radiocarbon dating, Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, agriculture, 2. Zero hunger, 060102 archaeology, business.industry, Ecology, Agriculture, 06 humanities and the arts, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, Spatialization, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Roulette-decorated pottery, Geography, Pottery, business
Abstract

Although understanding the emergence of agriculture in West Africa has recently benefited from major advances, the reasons for its fast diffusion south of the Sahara remain to be explained. We propose here a reconstruction of African agriculture expansion built from a spatialization of available archaeological data and associated radiocarbon dates. With this approach, we can show that the initial spread of food production occurred with some specific rhythms. From this structure, we discuss the potential underlying processes. Our work suggests that the spread of agriculture in West Africa cannot be explained by a simple response to an abrupt environmental change at the beginning of the Late Holocene, but rather by a combined climate-culture mechanism. In addition, cord-wrapped roulette-impressed pottery appears to be a good indicator of the expansion of agro-pastoralist populations in Sub-Saharan regions. Our results are also consistent with the assumption of a monophyletic origin of domestic pearl millet in south-western Sahara and strengthen the idea that the first cultivators were Saharan pastoralists.

Published
2014

21. High-resolution fluvial records of Holocene environmental changes in the Sahel: the Yamé River at Ounjougou (Mali, West-Africa)

Author

Lespez, Laurent, Le Drezen, Yann, Aline, Garnier, Rasse, Michel, Eichhorn, Barbara, Ozainne, Sylvain, Ballouche, Aziz, Neumann, Katharina, Huysecom, Eric, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Caen), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Institute of Archaeological Science, Goethe University, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Department of Ecology and Anthropology, University of Geneva, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG-Angers), Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Goethe University, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, and ANR-07-FRAL-0001,Mali,Archéologie du paysage en Pays dogon(2007)

Subjects
[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract

International audience; The Yamé river, in the Bandiagara Plateau, Dogon Country, Mali, is characterised by extensive alluvial sedimentary records, particularly in the 1 km long Ounjougou reach where Holocene floodplain pockets are inset in the Pleistocene formations. These alluvial records have been investigated via geomorphologic fieldwork and sedimentologic and micromorphologic analyses and are supported by 79 radiocarbon dates. The alluvial deposits of the valley floor correspond to a vertical accretion of 3e10 m. The reconstruction of fluvial style changes provides evidence of four main aggradation periods. From 11,500 to 8760 cal. BP, the alluvial architecture and grain-size parameters indicate a wandering river. This period included phases of pulsed high-energy floods and avulsion related to a northward shift of the summer monsoon to around 14 N after 11,500 cal. BP. From 7800 to 5300 cal. BP, a swampy floodplain environment with standing water pools within a Sudanian savanna/woodland mosaic corresponds to the culmination of the Holocene humid period. From 3800 cal. BP onwards, rhythmic sedimentation attests to an increase in the duration and/or intensity of the dry season, giving a precise date for the local termination of the Holocene Optimum period. During the last two millennia and for the first time during the Holocene, the alluvial formations are progressively restricted whereas the colluvial deposits increase, indicating strong soil erosion and redeposition within the watershed related to an increase in human impact. Four major periods are characterised by incision (I1: ante 11,500, I2: 8760e7800; I3: 6790e6500 cal. BP; I4; 2400e1700 cal. BP) pointing to dramatic changes in fluvial style. They result from high-energy flood flows during dry spells and confirm the capacity of the floodplain pocket in the upstream reach of the Sahelian belt to record rapid Holocene climatic change.

Published
2011

22. Seed phytoliths in West African Commelinaceae and their potential for palaeoecological studies

Author

Aline Garnier, Katharina Neumann, Barbara Eichhorn, Garnier, Aline, Institute of Archaeological Science, Goethe University, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Goethe University, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Caen), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010506 paleontology, Marantaceae, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Botany, Ruderal species, Cyperaceae, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, biology, Ecology, Paleontology, Palaeoecology, Commelinaceae, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Herbarium, Taxon, Phytolith, Phytolith systematics, Wetlands, Paleoecology, Weeds
Abstract

During the investigation of phytoliths in Holocene sediments from the site complex of Ounjougou/Mali, we recognized several conspicuous types which were initially attributed to Marantaceae and Cyperaceae. Systematic screening of West African herbarium specimens revealed that they originate from the seeds of Commelinaceae, a family of mostly tropical and subtropical monocotyledonous herbs. In West Africa, this family is represented by a limited number of taxa, most of them with clear ecological preferences in anthropogenic (segetal and ruderal) plant communities and wetlands. From 22 species occurring in the Sahelian, Sudanian and Guineo–Congolian zones of West Africa, phytolith extracts were prepared and studied with transmittent light. Microscopic seed sections were prepared and examined with SEM to document the original anatomical position. Three morphotype groups were distinguished: 1. polygonal platelets; 2. flat polygonal prisms with conical top; and 3. subcylindric, distinctly anisopolar, the upper part polygonal prismatic with conical top. Depending on the presence or absence of central protuberances and peculiarities of surface vesturing distinct subtypes could be described. The investigations have shown that identification of Commelinaceae seed phytoliths is often possible at low taxonomic levels. We report here the results of this comparative study and discuss the potential inherent for palaeoecological interpretations in West Africa.

Published
2010

23. Hydrosedimentary Records and Holocene Environmental Dynamics in the Yamé Valley (Mali, Sudano-Sahelian West Africa)

Author

Aline Garnier, Aziz Ballouche, Michel Rasse, Laurent Lespez, Sylvie Coutard, Eric Huysecom, Yann Le Drézen, Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique (PRODIG), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Génie de Production (LGP), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes, Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Caen), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Laboratoire Archéologie et Peuplement de l'Afrique (Unité d'Anthropologie) (APA), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG-Angers), Identité et Différenciation de l’Espace, de l’Environnement et des Sociétés (IDEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes (ENIT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, Mali, Monsoon, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Chronostratigraphie, Paleoclimatology, Phanerozoic, 14. Life underwater, Chronostratigraphy, Holocene, ddc:599.9, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Global and Planetary Change, 15. Life on land, Geography, 13. Climate action, Paléoenvironnement, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Physical geography, Quaternary, Afrique-ouest, Cenozoic, Holocène
Abstract

Research conducted in the Yame Valley (Dogon Country, Mali) provides valuable information about the river systems and their Holocene evolution in Sudano-Sahelian West Africa. Past research in the region has relied primarily on marine and lacustrine records. The new results confirm correlation between palaeoclimatic fluctuations recorded in both the river system and in tropical African lakes. They offer a new continental milestone for understanding of the environmental repercussions of Holocene monsoon oscillations. These studies demonstrate the value of river systems as a palaeoenvironmental record and the role of palaeoclimatic and anthropogenic factors in the Holocene dynamics of Sudano-Sahelian hydrosystems.

Published
2010

24. Electrical contact reliability in a magnetic MEMS switch

Author

J.-C. Fourrier, Aline Garnier, Laurent Chiesi, A. Samperio, S. Paineau, S. Noel, Benoit Grappe, C. Lapiere, Caroline Coutier, Maxime Vincent, Frédéric Houzé, Laboratoire de génie électrique de Paris (LGEP), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Microelectromechanical systems, Engineering, business.industry, Contact resistance, Electrical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Electrical contacts, Reliability (semiconductor), 0103 physical sciences, 0210 nano-technology, business, Ohmic contact, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Degradation (telecommunications), Magnetic switching
Abstract

This paper reports on the reliability issues encountered during the development of a dry ohmic switch fabricated in MEMS technology. Particularly, focus is made on electrical contact reliability. Contact degradation during hot switching tests has been noticed, and leads to switch lifetime limitation. In order to understand this phenomenon, characterizations have been performed on damaged switches and degradation modes have been cleary identified. Solutions have been implemented and finally the Schneider Electric MEMS switch is able to switch 5 V/1 mA loads for several millions of cycles and 14 V/10 mA loads for several 104 of cycles.

Published
2008

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