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Background: Maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa and Malawi remains high. Effective antenatal care (ANC) services can reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. However, attendance to ANC clinics and the quality of services provided remain a challenge. Malawi adopted the 2016 WHO antenatal care model and there is a need to assess factors that influence antenatal care attendance. The main objective of this study was to assess factors influencing attendance in the era of the eight ANC contact policy in Blantyre. Methods: This was an exploratory qualitative design in which 28 respondents participated using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions for the data collection process. The study sites included two healthcare facilities, namely Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital and Bangwe Health Centre, and a rural community (William Village Bangwe Rural) in Blantyre district. The 28 study participants included 11 ANC attendees, which comprised seven women in their final trimester and four postpartum women who attended ANC during their pregnancy, five midwives running the ANC clinics, and 12 non-users of ANC. The recordings were transcribed verbatim. The data were organized using Microsoft Excel and Microsoft word and analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results: The factors promoting ANC attendance in the context of the eight ANC contact policy include; motivation from health workers, family, and spouses and the women's perceptions of ANC particularly the role it plays in preventing, detecting, and treating illness, but also preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes. On the other hand, the hindering factors to ANC attendance included lack of knowledge of the new ANC visit guidelines, financial constraints, quality of health services provided, attitude of healthcare workers, inadequate availability and training of healthcare workers, perceived poor quality of ANC services and personal beliefs. Conclusion: It is essential to provide comprehensive training to healthcare workers in the antenatal department regarding the new WHO ANC recommendations. This will help improve the quality of services at the antenatal clinics, including ensuring the availability of all necessary resources to encourage attendance. Additionally, promoting comprehensive spousal support, encouraging participation in activities, and adequately planning scheduled visits can help overcome financial barriers and further support antenatal attendance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

eHealth literacy plays a crucial role during pregnancy, as maternal health behavior can influence health outcomes for both mother and child. This study assessed the impact of eHealth literacy on maternal-fetal health outcomes through a cross-sectional analysis of 1,265 pregnant women admitted to a tertiary maternity hospital in Turkey between April and July 2022. Data on sociodemographic information, obstetric variables, birth outcomes, Internet usage, and eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) were collected. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann – Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation were used for data analysis. The median age of women was 28 years, and the mean gestational age was 38.6 weeks. Median eHealth literacy score was 21 (range:8-40). Pregnant women who had planned pregnancies, received spousal support, attended 9–12 antenatal care visits, received vaccinations, adhered to iron and folic acid supplementation, engaged in regular physical activity, and maintained regular sleep patterns exhibited higher eHealth scores (all p < .001). eHEALS scores were higher in women who experienced normal vaginal deliveries (p < .001), while lower eHEALS scores were noted in those with comorbidities (p = .001). The study suggested that higher eHealth literacy among pregnant women was associated with improved health-promoting behaviors, more favorable health perceptions, increased utilization of health services, and better maternal and fetal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Low- and middle-income countries continue to bear the burden of cervical cancer partly due to low uptake of screening services. Interventions through the media to increase demand for screening services among women of reproductive age (WRA) have not yielded the desired results mainly due to the unidirectional flow of information. The current study evaluated the use of a dialogue-based approach to community health education to improve the demand for cervical cancer screening services among WRA in rural sub-counties in Kisumu County. Methods: This was a mixed-method longitudinal pre and post-intervention study with a control group. The self-reported screening rates were assessed at baseline in both the intervention and control groups followed by dialogue-based community health education in the intervention arm. This was followed by endline screening rates evaluation. The screening rates at baseline and endline were compared followed by a focused group discussion among the leaders of the community units to discuss the contributors to the observed screening rates. The proportion of change in the screening rates was calculated and statistical significance was assessed at p ≤ 0.05. Results: There was a significant increase in the number of WRA reporting to have been screened at the endline in the intervention arm (p = 0.007). The number of those being screened due to the health talks conducted by the Community health volunteers also increased significantly at the endline (p = 0.036). The barriers included; not knowing where to get screened (p < 0.0001), violation of ones' privacy (p < 0.0001), lack of spousal support (p < 0.0001), waiting time at the facility (p = 0.001), attitude of the health providers (p < 0.0001) and cost of transport to the facility (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The use of dialogue-based community health education has the potential to improve the uptake of cervical cancer screening services and identify the additional barriers as experienced by the WRA targeted for screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we examined the prospective associations of both spousal support and spousal strain with a wide range of health and well‐being outcomes in married older adults. Applying the analytic template for outcome‐wide designs, three waves of longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (n = 7788, Mage = 64.2 years) were analyzed using linear regression, logistic regression, and generalized linear models. A set of models was performed for spousal support and another set of models for spousal strain (2010/2012, t1). Outcomes included 35 different aspects of physical health, health behaviors, psychological well‐being, psychological distress, and social factors (2014/2016, t2). All models adjusted for pre‐baseline levels of sociodemographic covariates and all outcomes (2006/2008, t0). Spousal support evidenced positive associations with five psychological well‐being outcomes, as well as negative associations with five psychological distress outcomes and loneliness. Conversely, spousal strain evidenced negative associations with three psychological well‐being outcomes, in addition to positive associations with three psychological distress outcomes and loneliness. The magnitude of these associations was generally small, although some effect estimates were somewhat larger. Associations of both spousal support and strain with other social and health‐related outcomes were more negligible. Both support and strain within a marital relationship have the potential to impact various aspects of psychological well‐being, psychological distress, and loneliness in the aging population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the psychological state of middle-aged women who conceived through assisted reproductive technology, focusing on improving their antenatal mental health. The study employed a qualitative research design, utilizing an in-depth interview method to gather data from 16 expectant mothers in middle adulthood. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling applying the maximum variance technique, and data analysis was conducted using an inductive interpretive phenomenology approach. The qualitative analysis yielded 12 subthemes, grouped into two main themes: the psychological consequences and advantages of middle-aged pregnancy. The study revealed that regret, guilt, parental concerns, anticipatory anxiety, past trauma, and health-related anxiety contribute to psychological distress, while dissipation from childlessness, emotional preparedness, and support during life stages positively impact mental health. Antenatal care, prenatal counseling, spousal support, and education may help women mitigate distress and fully enjoy their pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contemporary times, enterprises run by married women have emerged as a rapidly expanding entrepreneurship group in Tamil Nadu, India. This study explores the influential factors that drive married women to initiate and succeed in their own businesses and to explain their levels of achievement. Based on the insights collected from interviews, observation and focus groups comprised of 50 entrepreneurs, we developed an instrument that included five variables that relate to the driving factors (freedom, spousal support, flexibility, respect and identity) and five variables that relate to the achievement factors (experience, education, government assistance, networks and unique traits/ competencies) of entrepreneurship among married women. Using survey data from 150 entrepreneurs, we further examined key relationships. Among other findings, this study highlights the central role of spousal support as a driving force for the greater success of married female entrepreneurs. The implications of the study findings are examined for both academics and practitioners, and recommendations are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand-resources model of stress posits that parenting tasks and expectations of mothers that exceed their resources are likely to tax their psychological well-being. Social and instrumental support from spouse or family may help alleviate the negative effects of parenting stress on mothers' psychological well-being. However, parenting stress and its impact have been less studied among immigrant mothers. Moreover, the sources of family support (i.e., spousal and other family members) might interactively affect mothers' well-being in the face of parenting stress. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine whether support from the spouse and other family members jointly buffers against the long-term psychological effects of parenting stress on Chinese immigrant mothers' life satisfaction. Data were collected from 273 Chinese American mothers at two time points separated by 6 months. A three-way interaction was conducted to examine the complementary protective effect of perceived support mothers received from their spouses and their other family members combined. Results showed that after controlling for the covariates, parenting stress was only longitudinally associated with changes in maternal life satisfaction when support from both spouse and other family members was low. Our findings highlight the complementary protective effects of spousal support and nonspouse family members' support in alleviating parenting stress of mothers and its adverse impact on lowering mothers' life satisfaction 6 months later. Theoretical and applied implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectivesMethodResultsConclusionOlder spouses are a significant part of family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and need support. Evidence suggests that different factors influence the support of older spousal caregivers. However, there is little evidence about these factors in developing countries like Iran. This study aimed to identify the factors affecting the support of Iranian older spousal caregivers of people with AD.This qualitative study used Graneheim and Lundman’s conventional content analysis approach. Through purposive sampling, 10 caregivers, three family members, and three professionals were recruited from various cognitive clinics and centers. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and continued until conceptual saturation was achieved.Two themes were derived from the data as factors affecting support, which included (1) caregiver’s support-seeking (complexity of the patient’s condition, caregiver’s geriatric health, the burden of caring for a spouse with AD, marital bond quality, caregiver’s support-phobic beliefs, caregiver’s awareness of care) and (2) capacities of support resources (supportive family, supportiveness of society, formal systems’ capability to provide support services).The present study provided practical information about the factors influencing the support of older spousal caregivers. Healthcare providers and policymakers can use these concepts to improve the support process by strengthening caregivers’ support-seeking motivation and enhancing capacities in support resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides a summary of a special issue on food consumption and marketing. The articles in this issue examine different aspects of food consumption, including individual decision-making, the impact of transgressions by food distributors on consumer relationships, mindful eating, and food accessibility for students living away from home. The articles emphasize the complex nature of food consumption and its social and individual dimensions. They also suggest potential areas for future research and policy implications, such as the importance of sustainability and the influence of social media on food behaviors. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: This study was designed to examine associations among measures of stress, social support, and symptoms at midlife. Specifically, the study examined whether support buffered against the negative effects of stress on severity of symptoms grouped via factor analyses into emotional instability, vaso‐somatic symptoms, mood disturbances, and aches and pains. Methods: We used cross‐sectional data from n = 119 women aged 40–55 in Nagaland, India. Midlife symptoms were measured with the help of questionnaires, and factor analysis was used to identify latent factors. Stress and social support were measured by Perceived Stress Scale and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, respectively. Chronic stress was measured by fingernail cortisol. Results: After adjusting for menopausal status, tobacco use, body mass index, and socioeconomic status, cortisol level was positively associated with emotional instability (p < 0.01), vaso‐somatic symptom score (p < 0.05), and total symptoms at midlife (p < 0.05). Familial support was negatively associated with emotional instability (p < 0.05) and total symptoms at midlife (p < 0.05). However, no significant associations were observed with spousal or friend support. Although no significant interactions between stress, social support, and symptoms at midlife were observed, spousal support when stratified as high and low support using the means, perceived stress and vaso‐somatic symptoms indicated an interaction. Conclusion: Cortisol level and support from family were independently associated with symptoms at midlife. The study highlights the importance of family ties and support for navigating the stressors of everyday life among women in Nagaland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to examine the impact of spousal support on postpartum depression in women with different attachment styles and assessing if attachment style influences this effect. Methods: From March to May 2022, 96 couples with late-stage pregnant women were randomly selected from tertiary maternity hospitals in Shandong and Guangdong provinces for a prepartum survey. Psychological assessments were conducted using the Adult Attachment Scale, Dyadic Coping Inventory, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) Depression Scale. To examine the relationship between each variable and post-partum depression, univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were employed. Additionally, interaction analysis was used to analyze the interplay between different attachment styles and how spousal support influences women's postpartum depression. Results: The findings revealed that even after accounting for confounding variables, prepartum spousal support was an independent predictor of postpartum depression (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.69-0.96, P = .015). Women with a secure attachment style showed a significantly lower incidence of postpartum depression compared to those with insecure attachment styles (24.2% vs. 46%, P = .037). In the secure attachment group, spousal support had a protective effect against postpartum depression (adjusted OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36-0.91, P = .018), and attachment style emerged as a potential interactive factor influencing the impact of spousal support on postpartum depression (P for interaction = .029). Conclusion: The provision of spousal support, especially to individuals with secure attachment styles, plays a preventive role in postpartum depression. This underscores the importance of considering attachment styles in interventions targeting postpartum depression prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This quantitative correlational study examined the relationship between married couples who experienced first-time parenting and the effects on the quality of their existing marriage. The findings demonstrated that transitioning to parenthood does not always affect marriages negatively. The findings revealed that older first-time parents who were married for longer periods and were financially able to manage their financial demands during parenting and marriage enjoyed a more shared understanding of relationship responsibilities and the goals that help to safeguard satisfying marriages than younger parents who struggled financially. Moreover, first-time parents who developed strategies to maintain intimacy after childbirth enhanced the quality of the marriage and improved the chances of stability and sustainability of their marriage. The success strategies involved partners knowing the love language of each other, listening and spending quality time together, feeling appreciated, open and honest with each other, sharing common values and waiting for some time before adding a child to the marriage. The majority of the participants' children were older than five years. Other factors that influenced positive transition to parenthood included spousal support and support from family and friends. However, the majority of the participants received support from their spouses and indicated that the level of intimacy remained high even after the birth of their first child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on several U.S. court case related to employment law; family law and torts law. The cases discussed include Scott v. Jerry's Enterprises, Inc. wherein employee who was fired for engaging in rude and aggressive behavior lost his claim for unemployment compensation benefits; Orthey v. Orthey related to judgment granted wife temporary spousal maintenance and Secura Ins. Co. v. Deere & Co. on breach of warranty for negligence against dealership.

Objective: To investigate the extent of knowledge about breastfeeding and attitudes towards infant feeding among spouses of puerperas at the time of discharge from hospital, and explore the factors influencing spousal attitudes toward breastfeeding. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey among 204 spouses of puerperas who were admitted in the maternity wards at a tertiary hospital in Shaanxi Province between October 2021 and December 2021. Respondents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were identified using convenient sampling. Results: (1) The score of breastfeeding knowledge among spouses prior to discharge from the hospital was (10.56 ± 3.78), with an accuracy rate of 59.6%, and the lowest accuracy rate was for Item 1 "Newborns should be fed on time, not on demand" (42.6%) and Item 5 "Breastfeeding can prevent infant rickets" (49.5%). (2) The average score of spouses' infant feeding attitudes was (58.15 ± 5.55), and the lowest scoring was for Item 17 "Daily urine volume of infants is a reliable indicator to judge whether they get enough breast milk" (1.99 ± 1.14). (3) Generalized linear model analysis showed a more positive attitude (higher score) among spousal attitudes towards infant feeding in those who had received breastfeeding education [OR = 4.588, 95% CI (0.160 ∼ 3.598)] and those with a master's degree or above [OR = 18.278, 95% CI (3.471 ∼ 9.346)]. Conclusion: (1) Spouses that received breastfeeding education and those that had a Masters Degree and above had more positive attitude towards infant feeding. (2) Medical staff should focus on puerperas'spouses with degrees below master's level who had not received breastfeeding education. We recommend using a variety of education methods to enable them to acquire more knowledge on breastfeeding and develop a more positive attitude towards breastfeeding, which will further enhance spousal support for breastfeeding, thus positivizing postpartum co-parenting attitudes and improving the rate of exclusive breastfeeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to healthcare is essential for managing chronic diseases, yet it often poses a barrier, contributing to a significant burden of conditions like depression. This study aimed to investigate the association between healthcare access and depression severity in contemporary free-living adults in the US, with a focus on identifying vulnerable populations. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles 2013–2018 were utilized, involving 13,689 participants aged 20 years or older. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression models were conducted, adjusting for various confounding variables. Approximately 17 % of US adults lacked access to healthcare, while 24 % experienced varying levels of depression severity, with 8 % having moderate-to-severe depression. More males faced challenges accessing healthcare, while more females reported diverse levels of depression. Both healthcare access and depression severity were associated with low educational attainment, low familial income, lacking spousal support, lacking health insurance coverage, and worse self-reported overall health. We found a higher vulnerability to moderate-to-severe depression among females (OR (95 % CI): 1.20 (0.91, 1.59)), individuals identifying as the Other ethnic group (1.69 (1.02, 2.79)), and those living without a spouse (1.57 (1.10, 2.26)). Our cross-sectional study cannot establish causality, and potential biases related to self-reported data exist. Access to healthcare emerged as a crucial predictor of moderate-to-severe depression among females, individuals of the Other ethnic group, and those without a spouse. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm and enhance our understanding of factors that shape the relationship between healthcare access and depression in free-living US adults. • 17% of US adults lacked healthcare access, and 24% experienced varying levels of depression severity. • Low education, income, lack of spousal support, no insurance, poor health linked to healthcare access and depression severity. • Females, Other ethnic group, and no spouse increase vulnerability to moderate-to-severe depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Globally, teenage pregnancy is among the most social problems, affecting 21 million adolescents aged 15–19. Due to the increased responsibility of prenatal and postnatal care for their infants without support, pregnant and parenting teenagers, tend to experience mental health problems. Factors contributing to these problems among pregnant and parenting teenagers in rural African settings have hardly received scholarly attention and, therefore, are less understood. The purpose of the study was to explore mental health and challenges among pregnant and parenting teenagers,. Method(s): The study adopted a qualitative descriptive, exploratory, and phenomenological design. Purposive sampling was used to select 22 pregnant and parenting teenagers 18 years or older. Data were collected in ten selected clinics within the Demographic Surveillance Systems (HDSS) of DIMAMO and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The findings reveal that pregnant and parenting teenagers in rural areas experience various mental challenges such as depression. These challenges are caused by social problems such as stigmatisation, lack of support from families and friends, as well as parenting demands that contribute to poor progress at school or dropouts. Pregnant teens expressed concerns about the lack of spousal support resulting from abandoning their partners. Conclusions: Stress and depression were self-reported as mental problems among participants with various psychosocial implications, such as school dropout and miscarriage. There are various contributing factors to the mental health problems identified among pregnant and parenting teenagers, including inadequate family and spousal support. Access to integrated reproductive, psychosocial, and mental health services could be essential for these pregnant and parenting teenagers, to improve their mental well-being and improve the support system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Second World War saw a sharp rise in bigamy prosecutions in Australia. A variety of factors contributed to this phenomenon, from the whirlwind nature of romances contracted during wartime to increased detection resulting from investigations into military spousal support. This article explores the connections between bigamy prosecutions, war and military enlistment through archival records and media coverage of 159 cases committed for trial across 1914–1945 that involved active or returned servicemen as either bigamy defendants or victims of bigamous spouses. These cases also reveal shifting attitudes towards and experiences of bigamy, marriage, and gender in twentieth-century Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores mothers' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic with a focus on stressors, parenting roles, and work expectations. Qualitative analysis of open-ended interviews with a diverse group of 44 mothers in the United States generated two main themes: adjusting parenting roles and career concerns for mothers. Findings reveal that mothers have internalized strong intrafamily expectations to shoulder the primary responsibility for domestic labor and child care in addition to completing their work obligations and experienced institutional gender bias in the expectations that employers have for female employees. The interviews highlight lower expectations for fathers' contributions to parenting under pandemic conditions. Implications for research and policy are discussed with a particular focus on critiquing structures that may perpetuate gender disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This note delves into the involvement of Islamic law scholars in the ongoing dialogue concerning the reform of the post-divorce alimony provision (Article 175) within the Turkish Civil Code. Since the early 2000s, a debate has emerged surrounding the duration of spousal support following divorce. Central to this discussion is Article 175, which stipulates that "the party who will fall into poverty as a result of the dissolution of the marriage may request indefinite (süresiz) alimony." Under this provision, the party experiencing financial hardship due to divorce have the right to seek poverty alimony (yoksulluk nafakası). However, as the duration of this alimony is not specified, courts are authorised to decide for the length, potentially resulting in lifelong support obligations in certain cases. Consequently, there have been calls to reform Article 175. This demand has catalysed a dialogue between proponents and opponents of the article, with Islamic law experts contributing to the discussion. This study investigates how Islamic law can serve as a complementary source for the secular Turkish Civil Code. Findings reveal that Islamic law scholars offer input by suggesting durations for alimony based on Islamic jurisprudence, asserting that Islamic law can be regarded as a kind of jus non scriptum law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss developments involving tax procedure, nonrecognition provisions and doctrines, Madoff-related litigation, and the defi nition of alimony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Mental health challenges are highly prevalent in African migrants. However, understanding of mental health outcomes in first-generation voluntary African migrants is limited, despite the unique challenges faced by this migrant subgroup. This review aimed to synthesize the literature to understand the mental health challenges, help-seeking behavior, and the relationship between mental health and mental health help-seeking behavior in first-generation voluntary African migrants living outside Africa. Methods: Medline Complete, EMBASE, CINAHL Complete, and APA PsychINFO were searched for studies published between January 2012 to December 2023. Retrieved articles were processed, data from selected articles were extracted and synthesized to address the study aims, and included studies were evaluated for risk of bias. Results: Eight studies were included, including four quantitative and four qualitative studies, which focused on women with postnatal depression. Mental health challenges reported in the quantitative studies were depression, interpersonal disorders, and work-related stress. Risk (e.g., neglect from health professionals and lack of social/spousal support) and protective (e.g., sensitivity of community services and faith) factors associated with mental health were identified. Barriers (e.g., cultural beliefs about mental health and racial discrimination) and facilitators (sensitizing African women about mental health) of mental health help-seeking behavior were also identified. No significant relationship was reported between mental health and mental health help-seeking behavior, and the risk of bias results indicated some methodological flaws in the studies. Conclusion: This review shows the dearth of research focusing on mental health and help-seeking behavior in this subgroup of African migrants. The findings highlight the importance of African migrants, especially mothers with newborns, examining cultural beliefs that may impact their mental health and willingness to seek help. Receiving countries should also strive to understand the needs of first-generation voluntary African migrants living abroad and offer mental health support that is patient-centered and culturally sensitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the nomological network of family‐supportive supervisor behaviours (FSSBs) at the weekly level. Drawing on the tenets of the work–home resources (W‐HR) model and the conservation of resources theory, we integrate relational resources in the model and investigate their role as triggers of FSSBs. Furthermore, we explore how FSSBs relate to both within domain (production deviance and employee creativity) and between domain (sleep quality and dyadic adjustment) employee outcomes, with a focus on exhaustion as a mediator. Our findings show that (1) spousal support experienced by the supervisor is positively related to the employee's perception of FSSBs as enacted by the supervisor, (2) employees' perceptions of FSSBs are negatively related to employees' production deviance and (3) exhaustion is a mediator between FSSBs and employee outcomes of creativity, sleep quality and dyadic adjustment. Our findings across two multisource and diary studies underline the importance of designing and implementing FSSBs in a dynamic fashion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the legislative successes and challenges faced by the Minnesota State Bar Association (MSBA) in 2024. It highlights the MSBA's lobbying efforts, including the passage of bills addressing trust-related jurisdiction, Transfer on Death Deeds (TODDs), parenting time laws, and spousal maintenance reforms. It aimed at clarifying legal ambiguities, enhancing efficiency in legal processes, and protecting the interests of beneficiaries and families in Minnesota, U.S.

The present study was designed to explore the mediating role of spousal support in the effect of paternal role perception on father involvement. The correlational research design was adopted in the study. The research sample was made up of 659 fathers with 3 to 6-year-old children enrolled in a preschool program. The data was collected using the "Demographic Information Form", "Paternal Role Perception Scale", "The Spouse Support Scale", and "Father Involvement Scale". The mediator impact analysis was employed to assess the mediating role of spousal support. The effect of the mediating variable was evaluated with PROCESS, and the Sobel test and bootstrap confidence interval were used to measure the significance of the resulting effect quantity. The results showed that paternal role perception and spousal support significantly predicted paternal involvement. Also, paternal role perception significantly predicted spousal support and spousal support had a mediating role in the relationship between paternal role perception and father involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching requires high levels of emotional involvement. This study investigated the relationship between work family conflict, emotional exhaustion, and perceived support (supervisor, co-workers, and spouse) among 375 female teachers who had young children and worked in urban public schools in Kenya. The study investigated whether (1) there was a relationship between work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion; (2) support from work (supervisor, co-workers) and family (spouse) ameliorated the emotional exhaustion that the teachers faced; and (3) support moderated the relationship between work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion. The survey results indicated that teachers' strain-based work interference with family was related to emotional exhaustion. Supervisor support was negatively related to emotional exhaustion, but co-workers' or spousal support was not; and supervisor support did not moderate the relationship between strain-based work interference with family and the emotional exhaustion that teachers experienced. The findings imply that supervisor support did not buffer teachers from experiencing high levels of stress either from work or emotional exhaustion. Schools should be sensitised to offer more support to teachers on how to reduce emotional exhaustion. Spouses should offer more support at home. Further studies should investigate how personal resources can mitigate emotional exhaustion. Work-family conflict and other dimensions of burnout should also be studied among teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the association of spousal support and marital satisfaction with the subjective well-being of fathers and mothers using a mediation analysis. Data were gathered from 360 fathers and 338 mothers (aged 25–50 years). Subjective well-being was measured as an outcome using the Japanese version of the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index. Marital satisfaction was measured as a mediating variable using the Japanese version of the Marital Relationship Satisfaction Scale. Spousal social support (including instrumental, emotional, and appraisal support) was measured as an independent variable using four-point scales. Control variables were the father's and mother's ages, number of children, age of the youngest child, children going to nursery school or kindergarten, use of childcare services, self-evaluated low economic status, and weekday working hours. Among fathers, instrumental and emotional support had significant direct and indirect effects, with the latter mediated by the impact of marital satisfaction on subjective well-being; appraisal support had only significant indirect effects. Among mothers, instrumental support had significant direct and indirect effects; emotional and appraisal support had only significant indirect effects. Our findings indicate that social support from spouses has protective direct and indirect effects on subjective well-being among parents and suggest the need for mutual support between spouses to facilitate effective co-parenting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: virological non-suppression is not only associated with increased risk of transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to others; perinatally and sexually, but it also decreases the life expectancy among the individuals who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study sought to determine the level of virological non-suppression among ART patients from selected health facilities of a sub-district in uMgungundlovu district. This sub-district has high HIV transmission rates in KwaZulu Natal (KZN) and had one of the highest HIV prevalence in the district in 2018; population weighted HIV prevalence of 36.3% among men and women aged 15-49 years old, which was twice the average national prevalence of 18.8%. Methods: this descriptive, cross-sectional, and quantitative study was conducted among participants who were HIVpositive, 18 years old and above, and initiated on ART between January 2017 and January 2019 at selected PHC facilities of Vulindlela sub district. Health facility treatment registers, patient medical files and face-to-face interviews were used to collect the data and these were captured onto an Excel spreadsheet, cleaned, coded before importation into Epiinfo 17 for statistical analyses. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the factors associated with virological non-suppression. Results: the study found a majority of participants were females (240/401 (60%)). The mean age of the participants was 38.1 (SD=11.2), with most participants who were between the ages of 29 and 39 years old (167 (41.7%)). Virological non-suppression was observed among 10% (40/401) of participants. The odds of virological non-suppression were higher among participants who were married (aOR 4.76, 95% CI 1.49-15.19; p=0.008). Conclusion: a virological non-suppression of 10% translates to viral suppression of 90%, which is below the target of UNAIDS 95-95-95 strategy. Hiding and skipping medication indicate how nondisclosure continues to hinder HIV treatment adherence. High odds of virological nonsuppression among married participants indicate non-disclosure of the positive HIV status, or lack in spousal support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnancy brings high hopes for the future; nevertheless, pregnant women may encounter unexpected challenges, including the diagnosis of high-risk pregnancy (HRP). Cases of HRP are still prevalent and can lead to psychopathology symptoms in the prenatal and postnatal periods. Hobfoll et al.'s (2002, 2011) Conservation of Resources (COR) theory proposes some implicit and explicit resources to help cope with adversities posed by an HRP. A meaningful life and having a good marital relationship can be the core resources in the adaptation process of pregnant women with HRP. Because to our knowledge no previous study has addressed this specific issue, in this study we examined the extent to which women with HRP differ in their experience of meaning in life, marital adjustment, and psychosocial adaptation as opposed to women whose pregnancies have not been deemed high risk. Thus, 302 hospitalized women with a diagnosis of HRP and 307 women with low-risk pregnancies in the Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic in a state hospital in Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye, participated in this study. The Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire, The Meaning in Life Questionnaire, and the Marital Adjustment Test were administered to all the participants. The results of a one-way multivariate analysis of variance and a series of univariate analyses with Bonferroni adjustment (α = 0.05/5, tests = 0.01) revealed that women with HRP felt less adapted to accepting pregnancy and motherhood roles, felt less satisfied with their marriage, had less presence of meaning, and sought more meanings. Clinicians can provide more resilience resources to these clients, such as existential care (expanding the global meaning resources and building a new meaning to this experience) and spousal support within the framework of COR theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent and potentially devastating chronic illness affecting many older adults. Given spousal involvement in many aspects of diabetes management, coping with their partners is increasingly seen as a potential solution to make up for limited resources. This study aimed to identify the key conditions for optimal implementation of couple-based collaborative management model (CCMM) among Chinese older couples with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Older couples and community healthcare practitioners were selected according to couples' joint intervention attendance rate and community's average attendance rate. This mixed methods research consisted of a qualitative phase and a quantitative phase. In the qualitative phase, in-depth interviews were conducted among 12 pairs of couples in the intervention group and 4 corresponding practitioners, in the follow-up period of the multicentered RCT from January to April 2022. Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) in the quantitative phase to identify conditions influencing CCMM's implementation and to explore necessary and sufficient combinations of conditions (i.e., solutions) for improving patients' glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) control (outcome). Results: Key conditions included implementation process, couple's role in diabetes management, their belief and perception of CCMM, as well as objective obstacles and subjective initiative for behavior change. Accordingly, major barriers in CCMM's implementation were patients' strong autonomy (particularly among husbands), misbelief and misperception about diabetes management as a result of low literacy, and mistrust of the practitioners. QCA further revealed that no single condition was necessary for effective HbA1c control, while three types of their combinations would be sufficient. Solution 1 and 2 both comprised the presence of spousal willingness to help, plus correct belief and perception of diabetes management, well embodying the utility of couple collaborative management in supporting patients' HbA1c control. On the other hand, solution 3 indicated that high-quality implementation even without spousal support, can promote the patient's subjective initiative to overcome objective obstacles, suggesting enhanced self-management for HbA1c control. Conclusions: Tailored CCMM should be implemented in reference to older couple's preferences and literacy levels, to ensure intervention fidelity, and establish correct understanding of collaborative management among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every day, from Monday to Friday, women, men, and children sit on the uncomfortable benches outside the Tanzanian social welfare office and wait patiently for hours to meet with a welfare officer. There are mothers claiming alimony payments, fathers seeking visiting rights, quarrelling spouses, minors with legal problems, and families disputing inheritances. Most are ineligible for benefits, so this article asks why they nonetheless accept state practices of subordination like waiting. Based on case studies from 12 months of ethnographic fieldwork in the Department of Health in a northern district of Tanzania, I argue that queuing outside the welfare office signifies a 'desire for the state' as proposed by Street. To understand this desire, I explore the relationship between welfare clients and the state using the lens of post-socialism, specifically Verdery's concept of 'socialist paternalism'. This article explores kinship, the state, and the negotiation of responsibility in relation to the paternalistic images of the state reproduced by the ruling party, and argues that welfare clients appropriate these in search of care, advice, and guidance to address family and kin-related crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Liver recipients to adhere to immunosuppressive therapy and cope with their health problems after liver transplantation are very important. Sexual dysfunction is common in transplant patients; however, previous studies mostly focused on male organ recipients. This study aimed to examine the adherence to immunosuppressive therapy, perceived spousal support, and sexual dysfunction in female liver recipients. Methods: This is a descriptive study and included a total of 184 female liver recipients. Data collection was done at three different transplant centers. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Immunosuppressant Therapy Adherence Scale, the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale, and the Spouse Support Scale and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, regression analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: The mean age of female liver recipients was 41.03 ± 6.77 years, 69.6% of them were married, and 60.3% had moderate income. Due to immunosuppressive drugs, 51.1% of them had gastrointestinal issues, 38.6% had diabetes mellitus and endocrine issues. In addition, 50% and 30.4% of them had full and moderate adherence to immunosuppressive therapy, respectively. In this study, it was determined that as the social support perception of female liver recipients increased, sexual life improved (p < 0.05). Conclusions: As adherence to immunosuppressive therapy in female liver recipients increased, their sexual dysfunctions increased. There was a correlation between sexual dysfunction and spousal support in female liver recipients. Policy Implications: This study emphasized the effect of immunosuppressive drugs on sexual dysfunctions in female liver recipients, therefore recommends that female liver recipients with sexual dysfunction be referred to psychotherapeutic practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protection of the rights and interests of the most vulnerable alimony recipients - minor children, is one of the most socially significant areas of family law regulation. The basic guarantees of the rights and legitimate interests of the child depend on the correctness of the normative fixation of the provisions on alimony and the quality of the mechanisms of its collection. The absence today of legal certainty in a number of provisions of alimony legislation on the forced collection of alimony, confirms the relevance of this study. Objective: to study the peculiarities of modern Russian legal regulation of judicial recovery of alimony for minor children, to identify the problems of legal regulation and to formulate specific proposals to change the legislation. Methodological basis: in the preparation of the research the general scientific dialectical method and special methods were used: system-structural, formal-legal, logical and comparative-legal. Results: the article comprehensively analyzes the shortcomings of legal technique and peculiarities of the current legislation concerning legal regulation in the field of alimony legal relations and forms proposals for their legislative elimination. The author sees that, despite the high prevalence of proceedings of a writ nature in cases of alimony collection, potentially higher efficiency of alimony payment belongs to the voluntary alimony agreement. Conclusions: the current state of legal regulation of the institute of alimony of minors, including the shortcomings of substantive and procedural nature, is characterized by imperfection and inefficiency of a number of normative provisions of the Family Code of the Russian Federation, which in turn may affect the stability and efficiency of court decisions, orders and needs to be reformed. ___________ La protección de los derechos e intereses de los beneficiarios de pensiones alimenticias más vulnerables (los hijos menores) es una de las áreas socialmente más importantes de la regulación del derecho de familia. Las garantías básicas de los derechos e intereses legítimos del niño dependen de la corrección de las disposiciones reglamentarias en materia de pensión alimenticia y de la calidad de los mecanismos para su cobro. La falta de seguridad jurídica actual en una serie de disposiciones de la legislación sobre alimentos sobre el cobro forzoso de alimentos confirma la relevancia de este estudio. Propósito: explorar las características de la regulación legal rusa moderna del cobro judicial de la pensión alimenticia para hijos menores, identificar problemas de regulación legal y formular propuestas específicas para cambiar la legislación. Base metodológica: en la elaboración de la investigación se utilizó el método científico dialéctico general y métodos especiales: sistémico-estructural, formal-jurídico, lógico y comparativo-jurídico. Resultados: el artículo analizó de manera integral las deficiencias de la tecnología jurídica y las características de la legislación vigente en materia de regulación legal en el campo de las relaciones jurídicas alimenticias y formuló propuestas para su eliminación legislativa. El autor considera que, a pesar de la gran prevalencia de los procedimientos judiciales en los casos de cobro de alimentos, la eficiencia potencialmente mayor del pago de los alimentos corresponde a un acuerdo voluntario de alimentos. Conclusiones: el estado actual de la regulación legal de la institución de la pensión alimenticia para menores, incluidas las deficiencias de carácter sustantivo y procesal, se caracteriza por la imperfección e ineficacia de una serie de disposiciones reglamentarias del Código de Familia de la Federación de Rusia, que a su vez puede afectar la estabilidad y eficiencia de las decisiones y órdenes judiciales y necesita ser reformado. ___________ 保护最脆弱的抚养费接受者——未成年子女——的权益，是家庭法规范中最具社会意义的领域之一。儿童权利和合法利益的基本保障取决于抚养费监管规定的正确性及其征收机制的质量。今天，在抚养费立法中关于强制征收抚养费的一些规定缺乏法律确定性，这证实了本研究的相关性。目的：探讨现代俄罗斯对未成年子女司法征收抚养费的法律监管特点，找出法律监管的问题，并提出改变立法的具体建议。方法论基础：在研究准备过程中，使用了通用的科学辩证方法和特殊方法：系统结构法、正式法律法、逻辑法和比较法律法。结果：本文全面分析了法律技术的不足和当前抚养费法律关系领域法律监管的特点，并提出了立法消除这些不足的建议。作者认为，尽管在抚养费征收案件中，书面诉讼的流行程度很高，但抚养费支付的潜在高效率属于自愿抚养费协议。结论：当前对未成年人抚养费制度的法律监管状况，包括实质性和程序性的缺陷，是因为俄罗斯联邦家庭法典的一些监管规定不完善和无效，这反过来又可能影响法院裁决、命令的稳定性和效率，因此需要进行改革。

Geniş anlamda nafaka, kişinin eşi, çocukları ve yakın akrabalarının barınma, beslenme ve giyinme ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için yapacağı harcamaları ifade eder. Dar anlamda nafaka ise evlilik birliği devam ederken kocanın eşi ve çocuklarının geçimini sağlamak için yapacağı harcamalar anlamına gelir. İslâm hukukunda evlilik birliği devam ederken zikredilen bütün harcamalardan sadece koca sorumludur. Buna evlilik nafakası denir. Erkeğin eşini boşaması yahut hâkimin evlilik birliğine son vermesi gibi sebeplerle eşler kesin olarak ayrıldığında, kadın hamile değilse üç hayız veya temizlik süresince; hamile ise doğum yapıncaya yahut düşük yapıncaya kadar iddet beklemesi gerekir. Bazı görüş farklarıyla birlikte İslâm hukukuna göre koca, bu zaman zarfında kadının yiyecek, giyecek ve mesken ihtiyacını temin etmekle yükümlüdür. Buna iddet nafakası denir. İddetin bitiminden sonra İslâm’a göre kadının kocasından nafaka talep etme hakkı yoktur. Zira İslâm, bir kadın ister hiç evlenmemiş ister evlenip ayrılmış isterse kocası ölmüş olsun, yoksul ise, onun nafakasını karşılamakla üst soydan gelen akrabaları ile alt soydan gelen akrabalarını sorumlu tutmuştur. İslâm hukukunda buna da hısımlık nafakası denir. İslâm, evlilik birliği herhangi bir şekilde sona ermiş yoksul dul kadının geçim masraflarını yakınlarının üzerine yüklediği için eski kocasını onun nafakası ile yükümlü kılmamıştır. Zira boşanan kadının üzerinde eski kocanın hiçbir hakkı kalmadığı gibi aralarında hiçbir bağ da bulunmamaktadır. Bu sebeple, koca ayrıldığı eşinden hiçbir şekilde faydalanma hakkına (nimete) sahip olmadığı için İslâm hukukuna göre, ona karşı herhangi bir maddî sorumluluğu da bulunmamaktadır. Türk Medeni Kanunu’nun 175. ve 176. maddeleri ise hâkime, boşanan kadının tam kusurlu olması dışında nafakasını süresiz olarak ayrıldığı kocanın üzerine yükleme noktasında takdir hakkı vermiştir. Medeni Kanun’un bu hükmü bağlayıcı olmakla birlikte adalet ve hakkaniyet prensiplerine aykırı bulunmaktadır. Zira adalet ve hakkaniyet ilkelerine göre ayrılıktan sonra koca kadından maddî ve manevî yönden hiçbir şekilde faydalanamadığı için kadının da eski kocasından hiçbir şekilde faydalanmaması gerekir. Nimet-külfet dengesi de bunu gerektirir. Bu ilkeleri göz önünde tutan İslâm hukukuna göre kesinleşmiş bir boşama ile ayrılan kadının, iddet süresini tamamladıktan sonra kocasından nafaka talep etme hakkı yoktur. Buna rağmen bir kadın, bu nafakayı eski kocadan kanun zoruyla alırsa, elde ettiği bu kazanç İslâmî açıdan helâl olarak nitelendirilemez. Zira İslâm’a göre bir kazancın helal olabilmesi için ticaret, miras, vasiyet ve hibe gibi meşru kazanç yollarından biri ile yahut emek karşılığında elde edilmiş olması ya da kişinin gönül hoşnutluğu ile vermiş olması gerekir. Oysa kadın eski kocasından elde ettiği bu geliri, zikredilen meşru kazanç yollarından hiçbirisi ile kazanmamaktadır. Dolayısıyla kadın kesin olarak boşandığı andan itibaren bekleme süresini (iddet) tamamladıktan sonra eski kocasından süresiz olarak nafaka talebinde bulunur ve kanun zoruyla onu alırsa bu nafaka Medeni Kanuna göre yasal olabilir ancak İslâm’a göre helâl olmaz. Bu bakımdan yoksulluğa düşen boşanmış kadın nafakaya muhtaç ise, bunu eski kocadan değil, Medenî Kanun’un 364. ve 365. maddelerinde belirtildiği şekilde, üst soydan ve alt soydan gelen akrabaları ile kardeşlerinden talep etmesi, mahkemelerin de buna göre hüküm vermesi yerinde olur. Buna imkân bulunmadığı hallerde ise devletin sosyal hukuk devleti olmasının bir gereği olarak Aile ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı bünyesinde bir bütçe oluşturup kocasından ayrılmış yoksul kadınlara -mevcut cüz’i ödenek yerine- maaş bağlaması en uygun çözüm olur.

The conflict between roles and responsibilities in work and marriage has a significant impact on early adult women. Multiple-role conflict is a form of inter-role conflict in which the role pressures from the work and family domains conflict with each other in several aspects. Spousal social support is an important predictor of multiple-role conflict because it can help couples overcome obstacles and become happier. Thus, couples who receive help from friends or family can help reduce the stress and affective difficulties that daily routines produce. The purpose of this study was to examine whether there is an effect of partner social support on multiple-role conflicts in married early adult women. The participants of this study were 150 married early adult women who were working in the Trenggalek district. The multiple-role conflict scale and spousal social support scale were constructed through factor analysis tests to obtain a fit model. Regression analysis showed that social support from spouses plays a significant role in multiple-role conflict, with a contribution of 4.9 percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the alimony contesters in Turkey, who are a part of the online antifeminist countermovement. The alimony contesters' movement is significant because, even though they are small in numbers, they successfully leveraged support from pro‐government media organizations and journalists in the broader context of the authoritarian media atmosphere in Turkey. The media support, and the fact that their discourse is in parallel with Turkey's authoritarian government's policies on women and gender, helped them break the walls of their echo chambers and shape the public discourse. The aim of the study is to use a three‐step methodology to figure out alimony contesters' hybrid media strategy to stimulate the public debate and influence news framing and editorial choices by building relationships with pro‐government journalists and news outlets. The study demonstrates that the demands of a small group that is organized on social media and has limited followers can be presented as the public will if it receives sufficient support from politics and the media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inconvenient information about the performance of public institutions may undermine public trust. In an experiment, I test how information about sentencing disparities among judges in the Czech Republic affects respondents' perception of the judicial system. I find no effect on respondents' declared institutional trust and willingness to rely on the formal judicial system. Instead, the information marginally increased respondents' policy involvement: they became more likely to (i) sign a petition that invites politicians to address the underlying issue, and (ii) consider the fairness of the judicial system to be a more important policy issue. The increased interest in signing the petition was driven by mothers, who are arguably more sensitive to the particular treatment information in the presented case of a failure to pay alimony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the total, direct, and indirect influence of spousal support on pregnancy stress among married immigrant pregnant women. The study aimed to determine the relative magnitudes of specific mediating effects of coping styles and self-esteem. Method: A cross-sectional correlational survey was conducted in Jeonnam with 206 married immigrant pregnant women. Data were collected from September 7 to November 7 in 2019. A self-report questionnaire was used to measure spousal support, pregnancy stress, coping styles, and self-esteem. The study employed a linear multiple regression analysis to examine the potential multi-mediating effects. The effect size was set at 0.15, the significance level at 0.05, and the power at 0.95. Through the analysis, the researchers explored the mediating mechanisms among the variables and identified the presence of multi-mediating effects. Results: The effect sizes (b) and statistical significance (p) for the predictors were as follows: problem-focused coping (b = 0.13, p = 0.001), emotion-focused coping (b = 0.11, p = 0.004), and self-esteem (b = 0.10, p < 0.001). Emotion-focused coping (b = 0.26, p = 0.001) and self-esteem (b = -0.20, p = 0.035) had a significant impact on pregnancy stress. The total effect of spousal support on pregnancy stress was significant at -0.25 (p < 0.001), and the direct effect was also significant at -0.26 (p < 0.001). We observed significant mediating effects for emotion-focused coping and self-esteem. Conclusions: As a result of this study, the self-esteem of married immigrant pregnant women can have a protective effect by preventing the aggravation of pregnancy stress in the relationship between spousal support and pregnancy stress. Meanwhile, the emotion-focused coping style can balance out the effect of selfesteem. Therefore, in order to alleviate the stress of pregnancy for women, it is necessary to provide intervention to help improve self-esteem with spousal support. In addition, nursing professionals should help them use appropriate coping styles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite supportive behaviors playing a central role in intimate relationships, the extent to which physiological and psychological factors are involved in the quality of the observed spousal support, remains largely unknown. From a physiological stance, cardiac synchrony has been identified as an important component involved in dyadic interpersonal interactions. This study aims to examine whether individual differences in attachment determine, at least to some extent, whether cardiac synchrony enhances or impedes the quality of the observed spousal support. Specifically, this study examines whether attachment style moderates the biobehavioral link between positive cardiac synchrony and observed spousal support. A total of 58 couples expecting their first child participated in a supportive interaction while their cardiovascular responses were recorded, and the quality of their caregiving behaviors was coded. Results indicated that couples' cardiovascular dynamics were synchronized during the supportive interaction. Furthermore, attachment moderated the association between positive cardiac synchrony and the behavioral manifestation of support, such that cardiac synchrony was negatively associated with the quality of support when offered by caregivers with higher scores of attachment anxiety. Our findings show that for those caregivers who have higher levels of anxious attachment—being synchronized with their care seeking spouses is associated with difficulties in providing effective support. We discuss these findings in the context of the emotion regulation difficulties characteristic of anxious attachment patterns. These findings suggest that future work could benefit from performing comprehensive studies that consider physiological, behavioral, and psychological constructs simultaneously. Our findings add a new perspective concerning a physiological mechanism involved in couples' supportive behaviors while taking into account one's attachment style. Whereas previous work pertaining to physiological synchrony tended to focus on couples' conflictual situations, the current work examined physiological synchrony during a supportive interaction. Results showed that couples exhibited physiological synchrony in their cardiovascular dynamics during supportive interaction. Importantly, this synchrony was negatively associated with positive support among caregivers with high attachment anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inactive lifestyle of urban Indians has increased their risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). A qualitative study was designed to explore barriers and facilitators related to exercise participation among urban Indians. Underpinned by the developmental life course theory, nine focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 29 women and 26 men residing in Mumbai, India. Focus groups were gender and age stratified. Both thematic analysis and content analysis techniques were used to analyse the data. While the lack of time was mentioned as a barrier by all groups, an unstructured schedule was mentioned specifically by women and awareness of physical health benefits emerged as the most popular facilitator for recreational physical activity. Based on the results of the FGDs, a pilot exercise intervention for sedentary women (N = 6) was conducted which consisted of a morning walk six days a week for 10 weeks. Post-intervention, an FGD was conducted to explore participants' perspectives on their experience in the intervention. The participants reported that the intervention enhanced exercise self-efficacy and well-being. Exercise as relaxation, spousal support, and need for peers to exercise with emerged as primary themes during the follow-up FGD. These findings can inform the development of age and gender-specific as well as culturally appropriate interventions to facilitate active living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]