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Introduction: Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the larva stage of a Taeniidae parasite of Echinococcus. Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) causes cystic echinococcus (CE) and is the most common species causing disease in humans. A pleural hydatid cyst should be considered initially with a corresponding chest radiograph. It can develop into fatal complications, including secondary infection, severe bleeding, bronchial rupture and pleural or pericardial cavities. This case report shows a rare case of a pleural hydatid cyst. Case: We reported a 59-year-old woman with shortness of breath and a productive cough for three months. The chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a cystic lesion measuring 14.2 x 18.5 cm with edge calcification thick around 3 mm. The pleural histopathology revealed that the cyst wall was made of fibrocollagen with a red oval echinococcus. The patient received oral albendazole/ABZ (400mg BID) for three months, paracetamol (500mg TID), and n-acetylcysteine (200mg TID). After three months, the patient had no complaints, only shortness of breath with heavy activity. Conclusion: It is important to be aware of this condition to avoid inappropriate and potentially dangerous underdiagnoses and treatment, which could endanger the patient.

In December 2020, Indonesia was introduced to the long Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) phenomenon. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) introduced the term "post-COVID condition" as a health problem that persists after four weeks from the first exposure to COVID-19. The National Institute for Healthcare and Care Excellence (NICE) classifies COVID-19 infections into three categories based on disease duration: (1) acute infection for up to 4 weeks; (2) ongoing infection within 4-12 weeks; and (3) post-COVID-19 syndrome for more than 12 weeks and not associated with an alternative diagnosis. One of these phenomena is lung fibrosis. About 80% of COVID-19 survivors had mild to severe chest X-rays in 6 months of follow-up with decreasing lung function. COVID-19-related lung fibrosis is still not widely researched. COVID-19 survivors who develop lung fibrosis usually recover independently, but some develop persistent lung fibrosis. The use of antifibrotic agents, such as nintedanib, has long been approved for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, its use in the cases of lung fibrosis due to COVID-19 has not been widely studied. Nintedanib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It inhibits receptor activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). Those actions will eventually inhibit the proliferation, migration, and transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in lung fibrogenesis. Therefore, an antifibrotic agent is potentially needed to inhibit COVID-19-related lung fibrosis to improve quality of life and prevent further lung damage.