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This research explores how random events influence the respiration rate in Hass avocado beyond deterministic models in order to develop better strategies for extending its shelf life. Understanding these factors can enhance the accuracy of postharvest management strategies. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model with exogenous variables (ARIMAX) is an alternative stochastic probability model which is capable of modeling complex, externally influenced phenomena such as respiration. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of three exogenous variables, namely temperature, relative humidity, and ambient illumination, on the respiration rate of Hass avocado fruits. Data on the respiration rate and exogenous variables were obtained using sensors coupled to a data acquisition system in a prototype of continuous airflow. The Box–Jenkins methodology was employed to construct the ARIMA models. The temperature, relative humidity, ambient illumination, and respiration rate variables were adjusted to the ARIMA models (3,1,2), ARIMA (1,1,2), ARIMA (1,1,2), and ARIMA (1,1,3), respectively. The ARIMAX (1,1,3) models were obtained from the pre-whitened respiration rate series. The impact detected in the transfer functions indicates increases in the respiration rate of 0.34%, 1.52%, and 0.99% for each unit increase in the temperature, relative humidity, and ambient illumination variables, respectively. In this regard, ARIMAX modeling is reliable for explaining the physiological response of Hass avocado fruits due to external factors. In future research, it is intended to extrapolate this stochastic modeling procedure to measure the effect of dynamic loads on the respiratory metabolism of fruits during transportation, where there is a considerable loss in the quality of fresh products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To report on the presence of Frankliniella schultzei in geranium (Pelargonium hortorum) and periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) plants in greenhouses in the State of Morelos, Mexico. Design/Methodology/Approach: We sampled geranium and periwinkle plants in greenhouses in the municipality of Jojutla, Morelos, Mexico. The collected specimens -of light to dark brown color- were processed, mounted on glass slides to be observed through a conventional light microscope, and identified with taxonomic keys. Results: The specimens collected in the geranium and periwinkle plants presented morphological traits that conform to the species Frankliniella schultzei. Study limitations/Implications: Monitoring the species is necessary because its presence has been identified in at least two regions of Mexico: West and Center. Findings/Conclusions: Frankliniella schultzei had only been located in western Mexico. This report shows that the species is also found in the central region of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Peach and apple flowers were evaluated for their human nutritional value by obtaining baseline information on their contents of bioactive compounds, minerals and antioxidant capacity. We used simple random sampling and nested statistical analysis to examine flowers of three peach cultivars ("July Flame," "Cary Mac" and "Fair Time") and two crab apple cultivars ("Manchurian" and "John Downie"). Flowers of "John Downie" stood out for their high contents of ash, protein and crude fat. Carbohydrate contents were highest for "Fair Time" and "Cary Mac." Peach and apple differed in their contents of total phenols (73.23 ± 1.94 mg GAE/g peach and 86.65 ± 1.18 mg GAE/g, apple) and total flavonoids (TFl) (5.29 ± 0.10 mg QE/100 g peach and 7.99 ± 0.3 mg QE/100 g apple). The peach cultivar "Fair Time" and the crab apple cultivars "Manchurian" and "John Downie" showed the highest values of K+ and Mg2+. Micronutrient concentrations differed between species, however, Zn2+ and Na+ values were similar among species but differed between cultivars. Antioxidant capacity showed inter-species variations with the methods ABTS and FRAP. The results indicate a good potential for both peach and apple flowers to be incorporated in the human diet, for fresh consumption as functional foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agrociencia is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Salinity is a major threat to the productivity of agroecosystems as it affects the soil structure and the osmotic potential of the soil solution, resulting in nutritional imbalances, Na toxicity and reduction in crop growth and yield. As Silicon (Si) has been considered a beneficial element for alleviating plant stress, the present study was performed to determine if it could enhance tomato plant tolerance to NaCl-salinity in a closed-loop hydroponic system. Plants were irrigated with solutions containing 0, 20 or 60mM NaCl combined with 0 or 1.50mM Si. Shoot dry weight and fruit yield decreased with salinity, however, Si partially restored biomass and yield when the solutions contained 20mM NaCl. Shoot and root K decreased with salinity, however, supplementary Si restored K in plants with 60mM NaCl. Root and shoot Si was unaffected by NaCl or Si, however, shoot Na increased. Nonetheless, compared to non-Si plants, Sitreated plants showed a 19% and 32% lower shoot Na concnetration in 20 and 60mM NaCl-plants, respectively. Silicon partly alleviated the K/Na imbalance caused by salinity. Increased shoot K/Na and Ca/Na balances were correlated with higher shoot biomass. Supplemental Si allowed an 80% increase in peroxidase activity and proline in plants with 60mM NaCl. Fruit yield under moderate salinity was partially restored by Si, due to an increased root Na exclusion, lower shoot Na, and improved K, Ca and K/Na balance, which was correlated with increased shoot growth, POD activity and proline concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) is a fruit crop with worldwide commercial importance. However, its distribution and potential growing regions of cherimoya are not defined for Mexico. That is why, this research aims to map the natural distribution of cherimoya and different eco-climatic regions where it is grown in Mexico as well as to map the climatic adaptability with the current climate and a prospection with the climate change scenario, all by different models of GIS. The general distribution model of cherimoya in Mexico showed that it had a chance to find cherimoya "in a natural way" in the biogeographic provinces Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, Sierra Madre del Sur and Highlands of Chiapas. Three eco-climatic groups were found in the distribution of cherimoya that corresponded to climates C (m)(w), (A)C (e'), and (A)C (e), respectively. Where the group with climate (A)C (e) had the most restricted distribution. The potential growing regions of excellent adaptation of cherimoya were found in the biogeographic provinces of Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, Sierra Madre Occidental, Sierra Madre Oriental, Sierra Madre del Sur and Highlands of Chiapas. Finally, based on eco-crop modelling, it is concluded that climate change will not greatly affect areas of excellent adaptation of cherimoya in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The soursop fruit (Annona muricata L.) is a crop of significant economic value for Nayarit, which is characterized by having a bittersweet taste, making it attractive to the consumer. However, the soursop has rapid maturation which causes a short shelf life. Several postharvest management techniques have been applied to reduce its metabolic processes, such as refrigeration, use of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), and controlled and modified atmospheres. In recent years, polysaccharide-based coatings have been applied to fruits. Therefore, the objective of this investigation was to evaluate the physicochemical and biochemical changes, as well as the antioxidant activity of soursop fruits with a mucilage-based coating (2%), stored at 22°C and 15°C with a 90% RH. Weight loss, firmness, color, soluble solids, acidity, pH, phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C, and antioxidant activity were evaluated. The results obtained in the coated fruits stored at 15°C showed lower weight loss (6.4%), lower firmness (29.7 N), higher TSS concentration (10.4°Bx), and lower acidity (0.38%) compared with the uncoated fruits. The total phenolic content decreased in coated fruits stored at 22°C (54.3 mg EGA/100 g FW). The highest antioxidant activity (DPPH method) was recorded in fruits coated and stored at 15°C with an average value of 257.9 mg EAA/100 g FW. Moreover, a high concentration of vitamin C was observed in fruits coated and stored at 15°C and 22°C (20.5 and 17.5 mg EAA/100 g FW), concluding that the coating based on roselle mucilage (2%) in combination with a temperature of 15°C prevents weight loss, decreases titratable acidity, and increases the content of phenols and vitamin C. Furthermore, an increase in the shelf life up to eight days and in the antioxidant activity at the maturity of consumption was observed in the fruits coated with 2% roselle mucilage stored at 15°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The nutrient requirements of the plants are different in their different phenological stages, so in the present experiment the Steiner solution was modified to adapt it to each stage of poinsettia (root growth, vegetative development and pigmentation). The Prestige cultivar was used the substrate was a mixture of leaf soil, coconut fiber and red tezontle in proportion 60:20:20 (%, v/v) and black polyethylene container of 15.24 cm in diameter. The experiment was carried out in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos. Morphological variables of the poinsettia plants were evaluated in response to the relative concentration between NO3 - and Ca2+ of the nutrient solution. The supply of nutrients according to the phenological stages of poinsettia affects the growth, extraction and concentration of nutrients, but depends on the nutritional regime. The regimen with the concentration (in meq L-1) NO3 -:Ca2+ 10:7 in radical growth, 10:9 in vegetative development and 12:9 in the pigmentation stage induced the poinsettias to present greater extraction of N, P, K, Ca and Mg, will increase the concentration of K and the morphological characteristics and the production of dry matter were outstanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spondias purpurea L. is a fruit native to Mexico, however, it is found as far away as Brazil. It possesses a high commercial potential owing to its sensorial and nutritional qualities and its low cost of production. There exists a variety of ecotypes that have not been characterized and their adequate selection process, according to their strongest functional characteristics, will allow the establishment of improvement programs for this genetic resource. The object of this study was the chemical characterization and the determination of the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant capacity of 7 Spondias purpurea L. ecotypes. Differences were observed in the antioxidant capacity and the content of functional compounds among all the ecotypes analyzed. A high total phenolic content and a low flavonoid and carotenoid content were found, both in the epicarp and in the pulp. In each ecotype, the hydrophilic phase presented up to 40 times greater antioxidant capacity compared to the lipophilic phase. The hydrophilic phase of the epicarp of 'Costeña Tierra Colorada' had the greatest antioxidant capacity and highest total phenolic content, whereas 'Jocote' presented the lowest antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content. A positive correlation was observed between phenol levels and the antioxidant capacity in the epicarp. Regarding antioxidant activity in vivo, it was observed that in all analyzed concentrations of hydrophilic extracts of the epicarp of 'Costeña Tierra Colorada' and in the highest 'Jocote' concentrations, they provided thermo-protection against heat stress as well as a general well-being to the worm as evidenced by their high mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The maturity of two selections of soursop (G1 and G2) from Nayarit, Mexico, was evaluated under environmental conditions at 22°C and refrigeration at 15°C stored for 6 and 8 days, respectively. MaximumCO2 and ethylene values were present on the fifth and sixth day. The fruits exposed at 15°C had a significantly lower weight loss (5%) and showed no chilling injury. The firmness of two selections decreased more than 90%. The concentration of TSS increased to 5.3 to 15°Brix, and the titratable acidity was higher for fruit stored at 22°C. The highest concentration of phenols was recorded on the fourth day of storage at 22°C. The enzymatic activity of PPO was increased from physiological ripening to consumption ripening for both treatments. The two selections stored at 22°C registered the highest level of PME activity at ripeness. Shelf life was increased by up to 8 days (4 days at 15°C plus 4 days at 22°C) without causing chilling injury or alterations in the ripening process of the fruits. No significant differences were observed between the two selections evaluated; postharvest handling was considered to be similar; however, it would be advisable to evaluate other technologies combined with refrigeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fruits is the property of International Society for Horticultural Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Spondias purpurea and S. mombin (Anacardiaceae) are tropical species native to Mexico with a distribution that spans all of tropical America, Central America, Peru and Brazil. The fruits are consumed fresh or processed and enjoy good consumer acceptance because of their taste, which ranges from sour to sour-sweet, and in the case of S. purpurea because of the diversity of colouration of its epicarp. All of these characteristics suggest a high commercial potential for Spondias in Mexico and other regions of tropical America, as well as in export markets. Despite this, the marketing of fruits is mainly local due to their high perishability. The most common postharvest pests and diseases are fruit flies and fruit-rot fungi; however a limited number of conservation methods are used because of the scarce knowledge concerning the postharvest physiological behaviour of Spondias fruit. This document therefore, aims to provide relevant information about the biology and postharvest technology of S. purpurea and S. mombin published by other authors over the last 50 years, as well as experimental data obtained by our research group that will provide a useful reference for future work on the postharvest handling of these genetic resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: During storage of tomatoes, Rhizopus stolonifer rapidly spreads towards adjacent fruits causing severe economic losses while Escherichia coli may cause serious even life threatening diseases. Chitosan-based materials can be used as edible films or coatings to avoid water loss and microbial spoilage. Waxes and essential oils may also be considered for use as antimicrobial agents in chitosan coating. In this study, various chitosan-based formulations (1%) mixed with beeswax (0.1%), oleic acid (1.0%), and lime or thyme essential oil (0.1%) were tested on tomato at three different maturity stages to control R. stolonifer and E. coli DH5α at storage temperatures of 12 °C and 25 °C. Control fruit were only dipped in water. Overall, fruit were wounded, coated and inoculated. Once the coatings were applied, 20 μl of R. stolonifer spore suspension at 105 spores ml−1 concentration and 35 μl of bacterial solution of E. coli DH5α, at 105 cfu μl−1, concentration, were dispensed over the wounded surface. Experiments were carried out in vitro, at a small scale and at semi commercial level. Overall, the protection effect of coating applications was better against E. coli DH5α than R. stolonifer. For in vitro experiments the best coatings was that of chitosan (1%) + beeswax (0.1%) + lime essential oil (0.1%) since no growth of R. stolonifer and E. coli DH5α took place. Other coating that stopped R. stolonifer growth was that of chitosan (1%) + oleic acid (1%) + lime essential oil (0.1%) while for E. coli DH5α were chitosan (1%) + beeswax (0.1%) + thyme essential oil (1%) and chitosan (1%) + beeswax (0.1%). Observation with an electronic scanning microscope showed distorted mycelia and no development of R. stolonifer sporangiospores, and no growth of E. coli DH5α when both microorganisms were grown on the formulation of chitosan (1%) + beeswax (0.1%) + lime essential oil (0.1%). For E. coli DH5α, this same formulation applied on tomatoes at a small scale and in the semi commercial level completely controlled E. coli DH5α at both storage temperatures. The application of chitosan-based edible coating containing beeswax and lime essential oil is promising to follow since it is an environmentally-friendly alternative to control this important pathogenic microorganism. Export tomato producers might benefit from this nonchemical alternative. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• There is phenotypic diversity related to growth patterns of the nance pulp. • Nance fruits showed climacteric ripening ethylene dependent. • The nance fruit are low in respiration and moderate in ethylene production. • The advance harvest of nance fruits gives a guideline to commercial use Nance [ Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) H.B.K.] belongs to a subgenus of Byrsonima Rich. ex Kunth that comprises approximately 200 species distributed in tropical and subtropical climates of Mexico, Central America and South America. Some of these species are endangered. Nance fruit contain functional nutrients but have not been commercially used. Local residents usually collect natural abscission fruit from ground and the shelf life is very short, only one or two days. Five nance phenotypes produced in Tabasco, Mexico, were studied at different stages of maturity to determine physical and physiological changes to establish harvest criteria. The results showed that the phenotypes yellow, yellow chintul and red chintul grew in direction of the equatorial diameter, while the green phenotype and green chintul grew in direction of the polar diameter. All the phenotypes studied showed significant changes in peel color, a decrease in peel firmness and increase in the content of total soluble solids of the pulp. The evidence found in these physical changes, as well as in the change in kinetics and production of carbon dioxide and ethylene, lead us to conclude that the phenotypes studied have a ripening climacteric pattern dependent on ethylene. Consequently, it is possible to harvest nance fruit directly from the tree to ensure a fruit visual, physical and eating quality to establish an industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mexico, the Poinsettia mosaic virus (PnMV) infects two commercial varieties of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima), however, the presence of the virus in other varieties commercialized in the country is unknown. The objectives of this research were the identification of PnMV in 20 commercial varieties of poinsettia and evaluation of two buffer solutions in the mechanical transmission of PnMV to differential species. Virus identification was performed with serological and molecular tests. Four differential species (Nicotiana benthamiana, N. glutinosa, N. clevelandii and Chenopodium amaranticolor) were inoculated with PnMV. PnMV was identified by DAS-ELISA in the 20 commercial varieties, in 13 of them the presence was confirmed by RT-PCR. Warts and systemic chlorosis (phosphate solution + DIECA, pH 8.6) occurred in N. benthamiana. PnMV was detected in 100% of the commercial varieties of poinsettia evaluated with the DASELISA serological technique, although only 35% of them showed the characteristic symptoms of viral infection. N. benthamiana presented putative symptoms to virus infection but was not molecularly corroborated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Mamey sapote (Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H. E. Moore & Stearn) is a tropical species from the Sapotaceae family native to Mexico and Central America. Its tree produces an edible climacteric fruit, whose weight can range from 250 to 900g. The flesh is soft, comprises about 78% of the fruit, and has high sugars to acidity ratio, which gives it a sweet taste when ripe. Because of current public interest to consume products that promote health, the aim of the work was to characterize soluble phenolic content and antioxidant activity in mamey sapote fruits from Chiapas, Mexico, at different maturity stages. Storage at 12 (±1)°C was conducted for 18d. When fruits ripened firmness flesh varied, in average, from 41.8 to 3.0N, soluble solids content from 17.7 to 28.1 ºBrix, hue angle from 56.4 to 46.3º, and lightness from 67.3 to 42.0. Phenolic content was affected by ripening since average values of 2563 and 234μg/g were found in unripe and consumption maturities, respectively. In a soluble phenolics extract from flesh, gallic acid (GA), gallocatechin-3-gallate (G3G), epicatechin (ECT), and catechin (C) were found, being the latter the most abundant compound, which increased with ripening from 9.9 to 113.1μg/g, while GA, G3G, and ECT had average values of 4.7, 11.9, and 5.8μg/g, respectively, without significant variation. Antioxidant activity, expressed through the IC50 parameter, remained practically unchanged and showed an average value of 12.9μg/mL. Based on phenolic composition the mamey sapote fruit may constitute a good source of antioxidant compounds. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Coatings and films are continuous matrixes typically formulated of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates or their combination. A carbohydrate used to formulate edible coatings is the chitosan that reduces the growth of fungi and bacteria. Coatings may work as vehicles of a broad range of food additives including antimicrobial compounds in order to provide higher attributes such as the control of microorganism. Essential oils are among the natural additives. There is broad evidence that essential oils extracted from different plant species present inhibition against fungi and bacteria. The incorporation of chitosan and essential oils into the edible formulations avoids the development of microorganism and extends the storage life of the horticultural commodity. In this article, a literature review about the main components of the coatings and its effect on the physiology of the commodity was carried. A revision of literature about the effect of chitosan and the addition of essential oils on the activity of pathogenic microorganisms was also carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The state of Morelos, Mexico has gradually become an important producer of gladiolus. Some preconditioning treatments of corms are empirically done causing uneven emergence and low quality of flowers. In this investigation, before planting, gladiolus corms var. ‘Blanca Borrego’ were dipped in chitosan (chitosan reagent and commercial chitosan Biorend®), in hot water at various temperatures and in treatments combined with Biorend® at 1.5% and hot water. Results indicated that the most influenced variables were corm germination, number of flowers per spike, number of cormlets and vase life. Overall, the commercial product Biorend® at 1.5% accelerated corm emergence in approximately 4 days, the number of flowers increased by 2–7 and the vase life extended for 3 days. The number of cormlets was also duplicated. Corms dipped in the commercial chitosan Biorend® at 1.5% at different intervals of time were not greatly affected except for the emergence and number of cormlets. However, for this experiment there were significant effects on the number of leaves and flowers because of the interactions between chitosan and the immersion time. The temperature of 55°C affected plant development because emergence was delayed by 6 days; and there were less number of leaves, flowers and cormlets. On the other hand, the incidence of Fusarium oxysporum in naturally infected corms was 0% at temperatures of 55°C and 50°C. Immersion times (0, 10, 15 and 20min) in hot water at 50°C did not show significant effects on plant development and vase life. Corms dipped in Biorend® at 1.5% and hot water at 50°C accelerated their emergence for about 1–7 days, the number of flowers increased by two, extended the storage life for 1–3 days and increased the number of cormlets. The integration of these two treatments -Biorend® and hot water- might be a good option for increasing the gladiolus plant quality and vase life. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Oleocellosis development and susceptibility in Persian lime was evaluated. • Influence of the rootstock on Persian lime flavedo anatomy was studied. • There was no effect of the rootstock on cuticle thickness and oil glands size. • Fruit of Flying dragon rootstock were less susceptible to develop oleocellosis. Mexico is the main producer and exporter of Persian lime worldwide. Oleocellosis is one of the main physiological disorders of acid limes which affects visual quality of the fruit and cause economic losses. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of Sour orange, Volkamerian lemon, Flying dragon, Swingle citrumelo and C-35 citrange rootstocks on the anatomy of the flavedo and its correlation with the development of oleocellosis in Persian lime (Citrus latifolia T.) fruit. Susceptibility and development of oleocellosis by postharvest handling and mechanical damage, as well as the histological characteristics of the flavedo (cuticle, epidermis, oil glands and stomata) were evaluated. There was no effect of the rootstock on thickness of cuticle, epidermis and flavedo, oil glands size, boundary cells layers and stomata. In general, fruit grown on the Flying dragon rootstock were less susceptible to develop oleocellosis compared with fruit from the other studied rootstocks. Fruit grown on Sour orange and C-35 citrange rootstocks showed the highest number of oil glands, which might be related to an increased susceptibility to develop oleocellosis. Oleocellosis induced in the present study was directly proportional to a greater mechanical damage. Flying dragon might be a promising Persian lime rootstock for reducing susceptibility to develop oleocellosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]