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Fatema Ahmed Ali,1 Ghufran Jassim,2 Zahra Khalaf,3 Manaf Yusuf,4 Sara Ali,5 Nada Husain,6 Fatema Ebrahim6 1Department of Internal Medicine, South West Acute Hospital, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Enniskillen, Northern Ireland, UK; 2Family Medicine Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland — Medical University of Bahrain (RCSI Bahrain), Busaiteen, Kingdom of Bahrain; 3Department of Postgraduate Studies, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; 4Children’s & Adolescent Services, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK; 5Ministry of Health Bahrain, COVID-19 National Team, Sanabis, Kingdom of Bahrain; 6Department of Internal Medicine, Private Health Sector, Manama, Kingdom of BahrainCorrespondence: Ghufran Jassim, Family Medicine Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland — Medical University of Bahrain (RCSI Bahrain), Busaiteen, Kingdom of Bahrain, Email gjassim@rcsi-mub.comObjective: This study aims to explore the prevalence of anosmia and dysgeusia and their impact on COVID-19 patients.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between 1st October 2020 and 30th June 2021 were randomly selected from a national COVID-19 registry. COVID-19 cases were diagnosed using molecular testing method which measured the viral E gene. The Anosmia Reporting Tool, and a brief version of the questionnaire on olfactory disorders were used to measure the outcomes via telephone interviews. Data were analysed using SPSS 27 statistics software.Results: A total of 405 COVID-19 adults were included in this study, 220 (54.3%) were males and 185 (45.8%) were females. The mean±SD age of participants was 38.2 ± 11.3 years. Alterations in the sense of smell and taste were reported by 206 (50.9%), and 195 (48.1%) of the patients, respectively. Sex and nationality of participants were significantly associated with anosmia and dysgeusia (p < 0.001) and (p-value=0.001) respectively. Among patients who experienced anosmia and dysgeusia, alterations in eating habits (64.2%), impact on mental wellbeing (38.9%), concerns that the alterations were permanent (35.4%), and physical implications and difficulty performing activities of daily living (34%) were reported.Conclusion: Anosmia and dysgeusia are prevalent symptoms of COVID-19 disease, especially among females. Although transient, anosmia and dysgeusia had considerable impact on patient’s life. Neuropsychological implications of COVID-19 in acute infection phase and prognosis of anosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19 are areas for further exploration.Keywords: anosmia, taste, smell, COVID-19, dysgeusia, quality of life

Abstract We present the holographic dual to a family of N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 SCFTs in four dimensions, deformed by a VEV leading to a gapped system. We calculate Wilson loops in this system containing adjoint, bifundamental, and fundamental matter. We calculate the quark-antiquark energy E in terms of their separation L, finding an approximate analytic expression for E(L). This expression shows the transition between conformal, confining, and screened behaviors. Interesting phenomenology is discussed in a variety of examples. The tool used is the minimization of the F1 string action, for which the code used is made publicly available.

In this article, the sheeting of pseudoplastic material under non-isothermal conditions has been studied. It is an excellent forecasting instrument for sheeting, where the thickness of the sheet is relatively thin in relation to the roll size, according to theoretical study based on the lubrication theory. At the calendering process, the detachment point is determined by taking the material parameter’s impact into account. The governing equations are derived for the constitutive equation of the Carreau fluid with momentum and energy equations. Suitable non-dimensional parameters are used to develop the non-linear partial differential expressions into ordinary differential systems. The maximum pressure, roll separating force, normal stress effect, and power delivered to the fluid by rolls are among the engineering-relevant quantities that are determined. Moreover, a graphic analysis is conducted to examine the impact of different material parameters on the temperature profile, pressure gradient, velocity profile, and pressure distribution. The results specific mechanism is explained in depth.

Abstract A wearable microgrid that centralizes and distributes harvested energy across different body regions can optimize power utilization and reduce overall battery weight. This setup underscores the importance of developing cable-free wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for mobile and portable devices to eliminate the risks posed by wired connections, especially in dynamic and hazardous environments. We introduce a thin, stretchable, and safe hand band capable of watt-level wireless charging through the widely adopted Qi protocol operating at 130 kHz. The implementation of non-adhesive fabric encapsulation serves to protect the 50-μm-thin spiral copper antenna from mechanical strain, ensuring an overall hand band stretchability of 50%. We also create a stretchable “Ferrofabric”, characterized by a magnetic permeability of 11.3 and a tensile modulus of 75.3 kPa, that provides magnetic shielding for the antenna without compromising wearability. The “Ferrofabric” improves the coil inductance but induces core loss in AC application. By fully understanding and managing loss mechanisms such as the skin effect, proximity effect, core loss, and joule heating, we achieve a wireless charging efficiency of 71% and power delivery of 3.81 W in the kHz frequency range. Our WPT hand band is unobstructive to hand motion and can charge a handheld smartphone as fast as a desktop charger or power a battery-free chest-laminated e-tattoo sensor, with well-managed thermal and electromagnetic safety. Through a holistic electromagnetic, structural, and thermal design, our device culminates in a safe, rugged, and versatile solution for wearable WPT systems.

Abstract Background The preservation of cut flowers, particularly Gerbera jamesonii, is crucial for maintaining their aesthetic value and extending vase life in the floriculture industry. To address this challenge, this study investigated the effects of melatonin (Mel) and encapsulated melatonin with nanochitosan (nCS-Mel) as preservative solutions on cut Gerbera jamesonii cv. ‘Terra kalina’ flowers. In research, we examined various physiological and biochemical parameters, including relative water content, membrane stability index, carbohydrate content, and antioxidant enzyme activities, to evaluate the efficacy of these treatments in prolonging the vase life and quality of cut gerbera flowers under controlled environmental conditions. Results Our results demonstrated that cut Gerbera jamesonii flowers maintained in vase solutions containing 0.1 and 0.5 mM nCS-Mel exhibited enhanced preservation of cell membrane integrity and anthocyanin content, while also maintaining higher levels of carbohydrates and total flavonoids in petals at the conclusion of their vase life. A decline in petal relative water content and protein levels was observed concomitantly with petal senescence, whereas total phenolic compounds showed an increase. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in petals exhibited an upward trend during vase life in control specimens, but this effect was mitigated in treatments containing melatonin. Although malondialdehyde (MDA) content generally increased throughout the vase life period, flowers subjected to either Mel or nCS-Mel treatments displayed reduced MDA accumulation. The activity of catalase (CAT) demonstrated an increasing trend during vase life, with the maximum activity observed in Gerbera flowers treated with 0.1 mM nCS-Mel. A similar upward trend was noted for superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, with flowers in 0.5 mM nCS-Mel treatment exhibiting peak SOD values on day 12 relative to control and other treatments. Peroxidase (POD) activity also increased across all treatments, with particularly pronounced effects in vase solutions containing 0.1 mM Mel and nCS-Mel. Notably, flowers placed in vase solutions containing 0.1 mM nCS-Mel, followed by 0.5 mM nCS-Mel and 0.1 mM Mel, exhibited the most prolonged vase life, extending up to 12, 10.66, and 10.33 days, respectively, under room temperature conditions. Conclusions The application of nanoencapsulated melatonin as a vase solution for cut Gerbera jamesonii flowers demonstrates significant potential in extending vase life and maintaining flower quality through enhanced preservation of cellular integrity, antioxidant activity, and biochemical parameters. This innovative approach not only outperforms conventional treatments but also presents a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional antimicrobial preservatives and sugars, offering a promising solution for the floriculture industry to improve cut flower longevity and reduce ecological impact.

Abstract Objective The intensive care unit, with its structural complexity and the exposure of critically ill patients to various disparities, presents a significant setting for health disparities. This critical ethnographic study sought to uncover cultural knowledge and ethical practices for reducing health disparities in providing care services within the intensive care unit. The focus was on understanding how ethical considerations and cultural competence can address and mitigate these disparities effectively. Methods This critical ethnographic study was conducted in 2022–2023 at intensive care units in western Iran. Three interrelated phases were used to collect and analyze the data. More than 300 h of observation were done during the first phase. A horizon analysis was carried out in the next phase. To further enhance the dataset, 18 informants participated in semi-structured interviews and informal conversations. Following that, the analysis procedure was conducted to identify a culture of health disparities and factors that reduce it, as it had been in the prior stage. Trustworthiness data collection methods were implemented to ensure the validity and reliability of the study. Findings Two key themes emerged from the study: (A) Improved cultural competence, which encompassed empathy towards patients and their families, effective communication, prioritization of continuous learning, appropriate knowledge and awareness, sensitivity to cultural and religious beliefs, staff attitude and personality, and the delivery of customized care tailored to each patient’s needs. (B) Supporting role and compensating for disparities involved recommendations for upholding ethical standards, compensatory actions, maintaining professional behavior despite external factors, addressing gaps and deficiencies, and actively defending and supporting patients. Conclusion The findings indicate that staff with high cultural competence can ethically mitigate health disparities through their supportive roles. Managers and health policymakers should create barriers to health disparity by improving staff cultural competence and knowledge about health disparities.

Purpose: It is essential to analyze demographic characteristics to enhance the performance of the block jump skill based on the kinetics domain. For this reason, this study aims to analyze the relationship between jump height and the demographic characteristics of young volleyball players while performing block jumps based on kinetics. Methods: This study included twenty-one young male volleyball players. Each player was instructed to perform 3 block jumps on a force plate using maximum power, and their jump height was estimated using a kinetics method. Moreover, the players’ demographic features, such as height and weight were also measured for the analysis. To determine the relationship between the players’ jump height and demographic characteristics, a one-way linear regression statistical method was used. Results: No significant relationship was found between height and weight (demographic characteristics) and jump height. However, height had a higher factor loading with jump height, indicating more correlation with jump height than weight (P≤0.05). Conclusion: To enhance the jumping and landing abilities of elite volleyball players, it is suggested that coaches, players, and specialists assess biomechanical performance through various means. Demographic characteristics can serve as useful indicators to improve performance. A thorough analysis of these indicators can significantly aid in achieving success in volleyball.

The occipitocervical junction (OCJ) is a complex anatomical region crucial for protecting the lower brain stem, upper spinal cord, and lower cranial nerves. Instability in this area can lead to severe outcomes such as chronic pain, neurological deficits, or death. Various surgical techniques have been developed for OCJ stabilization, particularly using occipital condyle screws, which have shown promise in providing stability and preserving neck rotation. This article presents two cases of OCJ instability caused by metastatic involvement of the C2 vertebra, managed successfully with occipital condyle screw fixation. The first case involved a 22-year-old female with Ewing sarcoma metastasis, and the second case involved a 62-year-old male with multiple myeloma. Both patients exhibited significant improvements in neurological function and cervical stability postoperatively, with observable den remodeling. Our findings suggest that occipital condyle screw fixation is not only feasible but also effective in managing OCJ instability due to metastatic disease. Detailed preoperative evaluation and the use of advanced intraoperative imaging technologies, such as the O-arm and neuronavigation, are essential for maximizing safety and ensuring optimal outcomes. This study underscores the potential of occipital condyle screw fixation as a primary surgical method for stabilizing the OCJ in appropriate cases.

Abstract Infrastructure resilience is a critical issue in arid regions due to the unpredictability of extreme rainfall events influenced by climate change. Accordingly, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in engineering solutions to address such climatic challenges is important. This study aims to review AI-based engineering solutions for infrastructure resilience in arid areas against extreme rainfall and most importantly critically analyzes their sustainability benefits. By evaluating existing AI-based engineering solutions, this research highlights how these technologies can contribute to sustainable development goals (SDGs) and eventually aims to help set new standards in infrastructure resilience. The significance of this study lies in its potential to advance sustainable development goals by enhancing the resilience of critical infrastructure and equipping arid regions with innovative solutions to withstand adverse weather conditions. Expected outcomes of this study are anticipated to provide pivotal insights for policymakers, engineers, and urban planners, promoting the adoption of intelligent, sustainable infrastructure practices that are in line with global sustainability targets. Finally, this research promotes the adoption of AI solutions in infrastructure resilience and lays the groundwork for future explorations in this field.

Abstract Background Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are effective for delivering therapeutic molecules with minimal toxicity. This study focuses on the use of penetratin, a well-characterized CPP, to deliver a DNA vector encoding short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F gene into infected cells. RSV is known to cause severe lower respiratory infections in infants and poses significant risks to immunocompromised individuals and the elderly. We evaluated the antiviral efficacy of the penetratin-shRNA complex by comparing its ability to inhibit RSV replication and induce apoptosis with ribavirin treatment. Methods Penetratin-shRNA complexes were prepared at different ratios and analyzed using gel retardation assays, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential measurements. The complexes were tested in HEp-2 and A549 cells for transfection efficiency, cytotoxicity, viral load, and apoptosis using plaque assays, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), DNA fragmentation, propidium iodide staining, and caspase 3/7 activation assays. Results The gel shift assay determined that a 20:1 CPP-to-shRNA ratio was optimal for effective complexation, resulting in particles with a size of 164 nm and a zeta potential of 8.7 mV. Transfection efficiency in HEp-2 cells was highest at this ratio, reaching up to 93%. The penetratin-shRNA complex effectively silenced the RSV F gene, reduced viral titers, and decreased DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in infected cells. Conclusion Penetratin effectively delivers shRNA targeting the RSV F gene, significantly reducing viral load and preventing apoptosis without toxicity. This approach surpasses Lipofectamine and shows potential for future therapeutic interventions, especially when combined with ribavirin, against RSV infection. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Chemical modifications to mRNA respond dynamically to environmental cues and are important modulators of gene expression. Nanopore direct RNA sequencing has been applied for assessing the presence of pseudouridine (ψ) modifications through basecalling errors and signal analysis. These approaches strongly depend on the sequence context around the modification, and the occupancies derived from these measurements are not quantitative. In this work, we combine direct RNA sequencing of synthetic RNAs bearing site-specific modifications and supervised machine learning models (ModQuant) to achieve near-analytical, site-specific ψ quantification. Our models demonstrate that the ionic current signal features important for accurate ψ classification are sequence dependent and encompass information extending beyond n + 2 and n − 2 nucleotides from the ψ site. This is contradictory to current models, which assume that accurate ψ classification can be achieved with signal information confined to the 5-nucleotide k-mer window (n + 2 and n − 2 nucleotides from the ψ site). We applied our models to quantitatively profile ψ occupancy in five mRNA sites in datasets from seven human cell lines, demonstrating conserved and variable sites. Our study motivates a wider pipeline that uses ground-truth RNA control sets with site-specific modifications for quantitative profiling of RNA modifications. The ModQuant pipeline and guide are freely available at https://github.com/wanunulab/ModQuant .

Abstract Background Spinal implants’ longevity is crucial, but titanium alloys, while advantageous, lack strong bone integration. This study aimed to achieve better osseointegration rates by utilizing the ability of boron compounds to transform stem cells in the vertebra into osteoblasts. Method Twenty male albino rabbits were divided into control (n = 10) and experimental (n = 10) groups. Control group received titanium alloy pedicle screws, while experimental group received boron-coated titanium alloy screws. Under general anesthesia, screws were inserted into the L6 and L7 lumbar spines. After 16 weeks, all animals were euthanized for histological examination. Vertebra samples underwent decalcification and H&E staining. Microscopic examination assessed osseointegration, necrosis, fibrosis, and vascularization using a triple scoring system by two blinded observers. Result In the boron-coated titanium alloy group, all subjects exhibited osseointegration, with 50% showing focal, 40% moderate, and 10% complete osseointegration. In the titanium alloy group, 90% showed osseointegration (70% focal, 10% moderate, and 10% complete).The differences between the groups were not statistically significant (p = 0.302). Focal necrosis rates were similar between groups, with 50.0% in the titanium alloy and 60.0% in the boron-coated group (p = 0.653).Fibrosis was absent in the titanium alloy group but present in the boron-coated group, albeit with lower rates of focal fibrosis (20.0%). However, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.086).Vascularization patterns showed no significant difference between groups. Conclusion Boron-coated titanium alloy pedicle screws provided osseointegration rates comparable to standard titanium screws and exhibited acceptable levels of necrosis and fibrosis. With stronger biomechanical properties, they could be a better alternative to currently used titanium screws.

Twisted two-dimensional materials (t2DMs) such as graphene and black phosphorus are transforming the field of photonics, serving as a promising platform for the development of advanced devices that manipulate light. These materials possess multiple photonic properties that are determined by their twist angles. This article explores the profound impact of twist angles on various photonic phenomena, including nonlinear optical responses, optical absorption, plasmonics, and the influence of chirality in t2DMs. We delve into cutting-edge developments explained through Raman spectroscopy and the intriguing world of moiré excitons, as revealed through photoluminescence studies. As we explore device applications, we highlight groundbreaking advancements in photodetection, with a brief look into emerging technologies such as single-photon detectors, ultrafast modulators, light-emitting diodes, and interlayer exciton lasers. Our study extends to depict the promising future of t2DMs, emphasizing their prospective integration with other photonic systems and the discovery of novel optical phenomena in the domain of photonics. This review serves as a comprehensive guide to the dynamic field of photonics in t2DMs, highlighting current achievements and future prospects.

Abstract Introduction Landslides pose significant geological hazards, necessitating advanced prediction techniques to protect vulnerable populations. Research Gap Reviewing landslide time series analysis predictions is found to be missing despite the availability of numerous reviews. Methodology Therefore, this paper systematically reviews time series analysis in landslide prediction, focusing on physically based causative models, highlighting data preparation, model selection, optimizations, and evaluations. Key Findings The review shows that deep learning, particularly the long-short-term memory (LSTM) model, outperforms traditional methods. However, the effectiveness of these models hinges on meticulous data preparation and model optimization. Significance While the existing literature offers valuable insights, we identify key areas for future research, including the impact of data frequency and the integration of subsurface characteristics in prediction models.

Objectives: To comprehend the kinematic effects of hallux valgus (HV) deformity on young and older people, we assessed the angular acceleration of the joints in the lower limbs of these women. Methods: Forty-eight women in two groups, young adults (20-30 years old) and older adults (50-60 years old), participated in this study (12 healthy and 12 with HV). We used an inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based motion capture system to measure the kinematics of motion. Biomechanical variables were assessed at an ideal speed during gait (stance and swing phases). All modules were calibrated in advance and then attached to the right thigh, shank, and foot. Results: The results showed that in the young group, angular acceleration was significantly different during gait in all planes of the ankle joint, the sagittal plane of the knee joint, and the horizontal and frontal planes of the hip joint. In the older group, it was significantly different in the sagittal plane of the ankle and knee and the sagittal and frontal planes of the hip joint. Discussion: It appears that the angular acceleration of the lower limb joints was affected by HV, especially in the young group. Additionally, the angular acceleration of the knee joint was less affected in both groups.

Abstract Surging numbers of older parents have migrated with adult children to developed urban areas under China’s internal family migration, experiencing several difficulties in social integration in local society. Social media has become an essential tool for older adults to gather information, socialize, and entertain. However, few studies have focused on the relationship between social media use and social integration among older migrants and the underlying psychological mechanisms. Drawing on the Media system dependency (MSD) theory and the Stress-buffering hypothesis, this study developed and tested a conceptual research model by conducting a cross-sectional online survey study (N = 1001). The results indicate that understanding and orientation, rather than entertainment, are two primary motivations for trailing parents to use social media. The activeness of social media engagement (exposure condition), rather than the intensity of social media use (selective exposure), can positively influence the social integration of older migrants. Psychological resilience cannot mediate the relationship between social media engagement and social integration, which is proved to be mainly achieved through perceived social support and the partial chain mediation of perceived social support and psychological resilience. These findings shed theoretical and practical light on the design of older migrant-friendly social media apps and the efforts of adult children and communities to enhance the social integration of older internal migrants through social media engagement.

Abstract The increasing use of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) has exposed large populations to this environmental and occupational carcinogenic agent. Therefore, researchers have been interested in removing this substance through adsorbents. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of natural zeolite in the direct adsorption of Cr(VI) from airflow and its adsorption modeling. In this study, a nebulizer device produced the Cr(VI) mist. The efficiency of natural zeolite in Cr(VI) adsorption from airflow, modeling of fixed column adsorption, and the effective parameters on adsorption efficiency including the initial concentration of chromium, airflow rate, and adsorption bed depth were studied. To facilitate the prediction of the performance of natural zeolite’s adsorption column, Yoon–Nelson, Thomas, BDST, and Buhart–Adams models were used. The results showed that the adsorption capacity diminished with increased airflow rate and initial concentration, while it increased with elevated height of the adsorption bed. Yoon–Nelson, Thomas, and BDST models corresponded to experimental data with a correlation coefficient of 0.9933, but the information of the Buhart–Adams model had a lower correlation coefficient (around 0.6677). In conclusion, natural zeolite can be used as an efficient low-cost adsorbent for directly Cr(VI) removing from the airflow in a fixed bed column.

Abstract In this paper we present three new families of smooth Type II string theory backgrounds. These are dual to supersymmetry-preserving deformations of 4d SCFTs. The deformations include a VEV for a global current and a ‘twisted compactification’ on a circle. We study various holographic aspects of the dual QFTs, focusing on Wilson loops and Entanglement Entropy. Additionally, we present a monotonic quantity calculating the density of degrees of freedom in terms of the energy, which interpolates between the IR 3d gapped theory and the 4d SCFT result. Other probes related to global aspects of the QFTs are briefly discussed.

Abstract Background It is believed that loss of p53 function plays a crucial role in the progression of well to poorly differentiated thyroid cancers including anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). Given the poor prognosis of ATC due to its strong therapeutic resistance, there is a need to establish new therapeutic targets to extend the survival of ATC patients. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) can inhibit the oncogenic activity of mutant p53 and, as a result, contribute to tumor suppression in several TP53-mutated cancers. Herein, we demonstrate that the ectopic overexpression of ATF3 leads to the suppression of oncogenic mutant p53 activity in chemo-resistant 8305 C thyroid cancer cells harboring R273C p53 gene mutation. Methods The biological behavior of 8305 C cells was assessed pre- and post-transfection with pCMV6-ATF3 plasmid using MTT assay, fluorescent microscopy, cell cycle, and annexin V/PI flow cytometric analysis. The effect of ectopic ATF3 overexpression on the cellular level of p53 was examined by western blotting assay. The mRNA expression levels of TP53, TAp63, ΔNp63, and SHARP1 were evaluated in ectopic ATF3-expressing cells compared to controls. Results The overexpression of ATF3 in 8305 C thyroid cancer cells significantly decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro. The immunoblotting of p53 protein revealed that ATF3 overexpression significantly increased the level of mutant p53 in 8305C cells compared to mock-transfected control cells. Additionally, elevated mRNA levels of TAp63 and SHARP1 and a decreased mRNA level of ΔNp63 were observed in PCMV6-AC-ATF3-transfected 8305 C cells with significant differences compared to the mock and untreated cells. Conclusion In light of our findings, it is evident that therapeutic strategies aimed at increasing ATF3 expression or enhancing the interaction between ATF3 and mutant p53 can be a promising approach for the treatment of p53-mutated metastatic thyroid cancer.

Paraduodenal hernias (PDH) pose a diagnostic challenge due to their varied presentations and rarity. We report a rare case report illustrating the clinical course, diagnostic approach, and management of PDH in a 19-year-old female patient with a history of neonatal laparotomy for intestinal atresia. The patient initially presented with chronic, diffuse abdominal pain, which had progressively worsened over 2 years. Physical examination revealed no palpable mass, with normal bowel sounds and vital signs. Imaging studies, including computed tomography of the abdomen, demonstrated protrusion of small bowel loops in the left upper abdominal quadrant consistent with a left paraduodenal hernia. Following laparoscopic exploration, a large defect was identified, and successful repair was performed, resulting in resolution of symptoms and a smooth postoperative recovery. Our case highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for PDH in patients with chronic abdominal pain, particularly those with a history of abdominal surgeries. Prompt diagnosis and timely surgical intervention, preferably laparoscopic, can lead to favorable outcomes and improved quality of life for affected individuals.

In the history of philosophy, the concept of the self has long been a subject of intense debate and scrutiny. Within Kant's critical philosophy, the self holds a significant position and is deemed essential for the very notion of experience. This article aims to clarify Kant's viewpoint on the concept of self. Kant posits the existence of an inner sense faculty, through which he introduces the empirical or phenomenal self, a concept that aligns with Hume's stance on the self. Furthermore, Kant introduces the idea of a noumenal self through the faculty of understanding and apperception, suggesting that this noumenal self is the foundation upon which all our experiences are made possible. Our primary objective is to clarify the distinctions between the two forms of self, which will be succeeded by an assessment of each. Although numerous scholars tend to view Kant's perspective on the self as a negative concept, an alternative viewpoint emerges, proposing a potential positive interpretation of Kant's concept of the self. Subsequently, we present Gallagher's Pattern theory of the self and conduct a comparative analysis between the Kantian self and the components that constitute the self.

Abstract This paper presents a novel design of a low-loss, reconfigurable broadband phase shifter based on groove gap waveguide (GGW) technology. The proposed phase shifter consists of a folded GGW and three bends with a few pins forming the GGW and one bend attached to a movable plate. This movable plate allows for adjustments to the folded waveguide length, consequently altering the phase of electromagnetic waves. The advantage of GGW technology is that it does not require electrical contact between different parts of a structure. Therefore, it enables the moving parts to slide freely without electromagnetic energy leakage, resulting in improved insertion loss in high-power applications. In addition, in the proposed design, the position of the input and output waveguide ports of the phase shifter remains fixed, which is advantageous from a practical point of view. As shown by measurement and simulation results, there is nearly 37% impedance bandwidth with the highest insertion loss of 0.6 dB, and the developed device has a maximum phase shift of 770° at the center frequency of 13 GHz. The phase shifter can be used for various radar and satellite applications that require phase control, such as beamforming networks and phased array antennas.

This study aims to optimize an economic procedure to produce biogas and bio-ethanol from different organic wastes such as sewage sludge (SS) and/or cattle dung (CD) and/or poultry manure (PM). The experiment was carried out at a wastewater treatment plant in Egypt. Each waste type was mixed with the starter, CaCO3, and water then loaded in a fermenter and kept for 35 days at 35 °C under the anaerobic digestion. The evolved volume of the biogas and the content of methane CH4 were measured daily while the cellulase and protease enzymes were tested every four days. Results have indicated that the digester containing the SS has produced the greatest biogas volume (L) 27.45 Lb/D/d (liters biogas/digester/day), 0.61 Lb/D contents’ volume/d, and cumulative 606.30 Lb/D during the 16th day. Significant CH4 volume percentages produced during the 17th day were 72.07, 71.16, and 71.11% while the produced bio-ethanol alcohol was 2.47, 2.32, and 1.99% from the SS, CD, and PM, respectively. The procedure efficiency is prominent by the production of the biogases and in-situ activating enzymes all in one reactor that was periodically monitored for its reactants and product content. No need for the pre-treatment of wastes as raw materials or chemical additives and the fermented residue can be further tested for soil fertilization. These wastes can be promising for bio-energy production being economic and environment friendly.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nanoparticles based on the PLGA and biomolecule of lycopene (i.e. NLcp) and exosomes loaded on hydroxyapatite/collagen-based scaffolds (HA/Coll), on human endometrial MSCs (hEnMSCs) differentiation into osteoblast cells. To this end, after synthesizing NLcp and isolating hEnMSC-derived exosomes, and studying their characterizations, HA/Coll scaffold with/without NLcp and exosome was fabricated. In following, the rat skull-defect model was created on 54 male Sprague–Dawley rats (12 weeks old) which were classified into 6 groups [control group (4 healthy rats), negative control group: bone defect without grafting (10 rats), and experimental groups including bone defect grafted with HA/Coll scaffold (10 rats), HA/Coll/NLcp scaffold (10 rats), HA/Coll scaffold + exosome (10 rats), and HA/Coll-NLcp scaffold + exosome (10 rats)]. Finally, the grafted membrane along with its surrounding tissues was removed at 90 days after surgery, to assess the amount of defect repair by Hematoxylin and eosin staining. Moreover, immunohistochemical and X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) analyses were performed to assess osteocalcin and mean bone volume fraction (BVF). Based on the results, although, the existence of the exosome in the scaffold network can significantly increase mean BVF compared to HA/Coll scaffold and HA/Coll-NLcp scaffold (2.25-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively). However, the combination of NLcp and exosome indicated more effect on mean BVF; so that the HA/Coll-NLcp scaffold + exosome led to a 15.95 % increase in mean BVF than the HA/Coll scaffold + exosome. Hence, synthesized NLcp in this study can act as a suitable bioactive to stimulate the osteogenic, promotion of cell proliferation and its differentiation when used in the polymer scaffold structure or loaded into polymeric carriers containing the exosome.

Abstract The present study focused on evaluating the antibacterial properties, radical scavenging, and photocatalytic activities of Centaurea behen-mediated silver nanoparticles (Cb-AgNPs). The formation of Cb-AgNPs was approved by UV–Vis spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the obtained AgNPs have a maximum absorbance peak at 450 nm with spherical morphology and an average size of 13.03 ± 5.8 nm. The catalytic activity of the Cb-AgNPs was investigated using Safranin O (SO) solution as a cationic dye model. The Cb-AgNPs performed well in the removal of SO. The coupled physical adsorption/photocatalysis reaction calculated about 68% and 98% degradation of SO dye under solar irradiation. The Cb-AgNPs inhibited the growth of gram-negative or positive bacteria strains and had excellent DPPH radicals scavenging ability (100% in a concentration of 200 µg/ml) as well as a good effect on reducing coagulation time (at concentrations of 200 and 500 µg/mL reduced clotting time up to 3 min). Considering the fact that green synthesized Cb-AgNPs have antioxidant and antibacterial properties and have a good ability to reduce coagulation time, they can be used in wound dressings. As well as these NPs with good photocatalytic activity can be a suitable option for degrading organic pollutants.

Abstract Background The intensive care unit presents structural complexities, and the prevailing power imbalance between patients and staff can lead to health disparities. Hence, unveiling the underlying factors that give rise to and reinforce these disparities can contribute to their prevention. This study aims to shed light on the stereotypes linked to ageism and lookism, which perpetuate health disparities within the intensive care unit setting in Iran. Methods This critical ethnographic study employed Carsepkan’s approach and was carried out in intensive care units in the west of Iran from 2022 to 2023. The data collection and analysis were conducted through three interconnected stages. In the initial stage, more than 300 h of observations were made at the research site. In the subsequent stage, a horizon analysis was performed. Conversations with 14 informants were conducted in the final stage to enrich the dataset further. Then the analysis process was carried out as in the previous step to uncover an implicit culture of health disparity. To verify the validity and reliability of the study, credibility, conformability, dependability, and transferability were all taken into account. Findings The ageism and lookism stereotypes emerged from seven main themes; youth-centric; negative ageism; age-friendliness; age-related priority; centered care for pediatric patients and families; appearance-centeredness; and a contradiction between belief and behavior. Conclusion This critical study showed that ageism and lookism stereotypes permeated the intensive care unit’s culture. These stereotypes have the potential to influence equality dynamics, as well as to foster and support health disparity in the intensive care unit.

Abstract Gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) is a highly adaptable biomaterial extensively utilized in skin regeneration applications. However, it is frequently imperative to enhance its physical and biological qualities by including supplementary substances in its composition. The purpose of this study was to fabricate and characterize a bi-layered GelMA-gelatin scaffold using 3D bioprinting. The upper section of the scaffold was encompassed with keratinocytes to simulate the epidermis, while the lower section included fibroblasts and HUVEC cells to mimic the dermis. A further step involved the addition of amniotic membrane extract (AME) to the scaffold in order to promote angiogenesis. The incorporation of gelatin into GelMA was found to enhance its stability and mechanical qualities. While the Alamar blue test demonstrated that a high concentration of GelMA (20%) resulted in a decrease in cell viability, the live/dead cell staining revealed that incorporation of AME increased the quantity of viable HUVECs. Further, gelatin upregulated the expression of KRT10 in keratinocytes and VIM in fibroblasts. Additionally, the histological staining results demonstrated the formation of well-defined skin layers and the creation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in GelMA/gelatin hydrogels during a 14-day culture period. Our study showed that a 3D-bioprinted composite scaffold comprising GelMA, gelatin, and AME can be used to regenerate skin tissues.

Background: Using machine learning methods based on neurocognitive deficits and neuroimmune biomarkers, two distinct classes were discovered within schizophrenia patient samples. Increased frequency of psychomotor retardation, formal thought disorders, mannerisms, psychosis, hostility, excitation, and negative symptoms defined the first subgroup, major neurocognitive psychosis (MNP). Cognitive deficits in executive functions and memory and diverse neuroimmune aberrations were other MNP features. Simple neurocognitive psychosis (SNP) was the less severe phenotype. Aims: The study comprised a sample of 40 healthy controls and 90 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, divided into MNP and SNP based on previously determined criteria. Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) was performed using neurocognitive test results and measurements of serum M1 macrophage and T helper-17 cytokines as discriminatory/modelling variables. The model-to-model distances between controls and MNP + SNP and between MNP and SNP were computed, and the top discriminatory variables were established. Results: A notable SIMCA distance of 146.1682 was observed between MNP + SNP and the control group. The top-3 discriminatory variables were lowered motor speed, an activated T helper-17 axis, and lowered working memory. This study successfully differentiated MNP from SNP yielding a SIMCA distance of 19.3. M1 macrophage activation, lowered verbal fluency, and executive functions were the prominent features of MNP versus SNP. Discussion: Based on neurocognitive assessments and the immune-linked neurotoxic M1 and T helper-17 profiles, we found that MNP and SNP are qualitatively distinct classes. Future biomarker research should focus on examining biomarkers specifically in the MNP and SNP subgroups, rather than in the schizophrenia group.

Objective: Understanding neural mechanisms underlying cognitive workload is crucial for advancing our knowledge of human cognition and mental processes. In this study, we utilized electroencephalography (EEG) analysis to investigate brain activity associated with varying mental cognitive workloads from a psychological perspective. Method: We employed a publicly accessible EEG dataset consisting of a cohort of 36 healthy volunteers (75% female), aged 18 to 26 years, while the participants were at rest or engaged in an arithmetic task to explore mental cognitive workload. After preprocessing to reduce noise and various artifacts and to obtain a clean signal for every subject, functional connectivity and complexity features were calculated from EEGs through the coherence and permutation entropy algorithms, respectively. Then, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to assess the differences in complexity and connectivity measures across various brain regions between the rest and task states. Results: Brain sites showed significant within-subject effects, and the interaction between states and channels was significant for connectivity values (F = 3.68, P = 0.034). Post hoc comparisons indicated that FP1-F7, FP1-F8 and FP1-Fz connectivity were significantly lower during the task state compared to the rest state (P < 0.05). Moreover, F4-P3, F4-P4, FP1-O1, FP2-O2, F3-O1, F4-O1, F8-O1, C4-O1, F3-O2, F4-O2, F7-O2, F8-O2, Fz-O1, Fz-O2, Cz-O1 and Fz-P4 connectivity were significantly higher during the arithmetic task state (P < 0.05). Furthermore, brain sites showed significant within-subject effects and the interaction between states and channels was significant for entropy values (F = 3.50, P = 0.041). Post hoc comparisons indicated that the permutation entropy was significantly higher in the FP1, T3, T4, P4 and Pz channels during the arithmetic task compared to the rest state (P < 0.05). Conclusion: During arithmetic tasks, the increased connectivity in the frontoparietal and frontooccipital networks and heightened complexity in the prefrontal, temporal and parietal lobes reflect the collaborative engagement of brain areas specialized in numerical processing, attention, working memory, cognitive control, and visual-spatial cognition. These changes in connectivity and complexity facilitate the integration of multiple cognitive processes essential for effective arithmetic problem-solving.

Background and Objectives This study aimed to assess if extensive surgical resection enhances outcomes in wild-type Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) butterfly glioblastoma (B-GBM) patients, despite the presence of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) mutation and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) amplification. Methods The study, retrospectively conducted from 2014 to 2022, involved 723 GBM patients, 41 of whom met the criteria for IDH wild-type B-GBM. Exclusion criteria comprised prior diagnoses or treatments for low-grade glial tumors. Surgeons, employing two approaches—partial and extensive surgery—categorized patients based on age, sex, tumor location, corpus callosum involvement, and genetic characteristics. The interval between initial surgery and tumor recurrence/tumor-free period (TR/TFP) and overall survival (OS) were recorded and compared between the partial and extensive resection groups, analyzing the impact of resection width on TR/TFP and OS. Preoperative assessments utilized thin-section cranial computed tomography (CT) and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Intraoperatively, tumor excision was guided by sodium fluorescein, and margins were delineated via neuronavigation. Genetic alterations (TERT mutations and EGFR amplifications) were correlated with surgical type, TR/TFP, and OS. Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) evaluations were performed pre- and post-operatively and at key intervals, comparing outcomes between surgical groups. Standard radiotherapy and chemotherapy regimens were administered to all patients. Results Extensive resection yielded significantly longer TR/TFP compared to partial resection, despite TERT gene mutation and EGFR amplification being linked to shorter TR/TFP and OS. Its impact on OS, however, was not significant. KPS scores indicated a superior quality of life after extensive resection, with sustained improvement upon recurrence. Conclusions Extensive resection of B-GBM, even in the presence of adverse genetic alterations, may prolong TR/TFP, offering patients a period of improved comfort with minimal distress.

The occurrence of dam failures and the consequent floods pose substantial risks to submerged regions, and their unpredictability increases the hazard of their impact. This research simulates the flood event scenario due to the dam failure of the Hemrem dam in Diyala Governorate, Iraq. HEC-RAC model jas been used to modeling the Hemren dam failure. The generated flood waves are routed downstream until the confluence of the Diyala and Tigris rivers, covering a large study area of 5,378.5 km². The configuration of the model's geometry is formulated using the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) that encompasses the geographical extent of the Diyala River study area, from Hemren Dam to the confluence with the Tigris River south of Baghdad. The length of this reach is approximately 210 km. Based on the inundation maps, the region's geography is classified as having catastrophic constraints due to the water depth and flow rate. The results demonstrate how to predict the magnitude of floods and highlight the severity if Hemren Dam were to fail. This underscores the need for effective risk management. Furthermore, the maps created by this study can be utilized to develop long-term flood control plans.

The underwater environment is harsh and challenging for human life, prompting companies and researchers to develop advanced technologies for exploration. Building on previous work that applied a CNN-based method for underwater object classification, this paper focuses on the design and implementation of an interactive embedded system for a compact Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) with specific dimensions and weight. The primary goal is to capture real-time underwater video using remote control communication via Ethernet. The ROV is powered by five brushless motors controlled by a smart PID controller. Precise pulse-width modulation signals enhance stability during movements along three axes, enabling high-resolution video capture. The system utilizes the Raspberry Pi 3's computing power for motion control, positioning, temperature monitoring, and video acquisition. Experimental results demonstrate the system's capability to process 42 frames per second. A user-friendly graphical interface allows for remote ROV control across various operating systems. With a depth rating of 100 meters and speed of 0.148 m/s. This ROV surpasses human divers' limitations and holds significant potential for applications in surveillance, operations, maintenance, and measurement tasks underwater. The proposed ROV contributes to the advancement of underwater exploration technology by combining high performance with cost-effectiveness.

This paper suggests a new image encryption algorithm based on block compressive sensing (BCS) and chaotic scrambling techniques. With compressive sensing (CS), signals can be sampled much lower than the Nyquist-Shannon rate while preserving their information content. BCS can be used as a one-step process by using a 3D logistic chaotic map, the measurement matrix is used as a secret key for encryption. BCS algorithm used an individual image reconstruction algorithm that leverages l_1norm minimization to promote signal sparsity, and a smoothing operator to enhance image quality. An encrypted image is first decomposed into three sub-images based on the tricolor theory; then, a discrete wavelet transform is used to sparsely process the three decomposed images. A 2D Henon map is used to scramble the compressed image after compression. This process further enhances the security of the system by increasing the complexity of the encryption process. The results showed that the proposed system provides better security and has a lower computational complexity than other methods. Furthermore, the proposed system is resistant to known attacks such as brute force and statistical attacks.

A holographic method for implementing a particular supersymmetry-preserving deformation to 4d SCFTs is presented. At the heart of the procedure is a soliton solution of minimal d=5 gauged supergravity. Embedding this solution into ten- and eleven-dimensional string theory backgrounds of the form AdS×5M, we systematically construct a range of new solutions. Each holographically realizes a twisted compactification of the SCFT4 dual to the original background. In the IR, the resulting SQFTs flow to gapped three-dimensional systems. Using a variety of holographic observables, we give evidence for this interpretation and for confinement in the deformed SQFTs. Our method applies to any holographic solutions admitting a consistent truncation to minimal d=5 gauged supergravity, and can likely be generalized to solutions with other AdSd factors.

Introduction: Due to breast cancer's prevalence as the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, accurate survival prediction models are crucial. This study aimed to use an optimized deep neural network to predict breast cancer patient survival.Material and Methods: The present study is an analytical study. The information utilized in this research is derived from the METABRIC database, associated with the molecular categorization of breast cancer patients, from the International Federation of Breast Cancer's Molecular Taxonomy Data. The total number of patients studied is 1981. Of these, 888 patients were under care until their death, and the remaining patients withdrew from the study during its course. In this database, 22 clinical features of patients have been considered, which includes a total of 6 quantitative features and 16 qualitative features. A deep neural network model called the optimized DeepHit is used to predict survival. The optimal parameters for specific variables of the neural network are obtained by the Bayesian algorithm.Results: The optimized model has achieved the criterion of c_index = 0.748, which is a criterion for measuring the capability of survival analysis models.Conclusion: The proposed model was compared with previous models using real and synthetic datasets. The results show that the optimized DeepHit achieved significantly better performance and statistically significant improvements over previous methods.

The current study theoretically and computationally analyses the viscoelastic Sisko fluids during the non-isothermal rollover web phenomenon. The mathematical modeling produces a system of partial differential equations, which we further simplify into ordinary differential equations through appropriate transformations. We have formulated the problem based on the lubrication approximation theory. The solution has been obtained with the perturbation method, and the outcomes are found in mathematical, tabular, and graphical forms that highlight the influence of pertinent parameters on velocity profiles, pressure gradients, flow rates per unit width, Nusselt number, pressure profile, temperature distributions, and other significant engineering quantities. Further, A comparative analysis between analytic and numerical solutions, utilizing the middefer method in the Maple environment, demonstrates reasonable agreement. Also, we observe that the fluid parameter significantly influences both velocity and temperature profiles. Moreover, the determination of a separation point 2.5000, accompanied by the observation of a maximum coating thickness of 0.6960. The enhancement in fluid heat transfer rate is approximately 5% compared to non-Newtonian fluid parameter values, with potential for further improvement by increasing the non-Newtonian parameter values. This comprehensive investigation offers valuable insights for practical implementation and future scholarly endeavors, with zero-order findings showcasing enhanced precision.

Abstract Introduction In 2022, updated guidance from NICE expanded the options for self-monitoring of blood glucose for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), to include continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). In this budget impact analysis, the cost impact of CGM was compared with traditional self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in adults with T2DM over 1 year from the commissioner perspective in England. Research Design and methods The NICE-eligible T2DM cohort was split into 4 subgroups to enable nuanced costing by insulin administration frequency: basal human insulin, premixed insulin, basal-bolus insulin and bolus insulin. The model’s cost components comprised mild and severe hypoglycaemia (SH), diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), consumables and healthcare resource utilisation in primary and secondary care. Results The introduction of CGM is estimated to be cost additive by approximately £4.6 million in the basecase, driven by increased spending on the CGM device. Overall, healthcare activity was reduced by approximately 20,000 attendances, due to fewer SH and DKA episodes in the CGM arm. General Practitioner (GP) practice-based activity is expected to drop after the first year as patients requiring CGM training is reduced. The budget impact could be neutralised if the CGM sensor was discounted by 13.2% (£29.76 to £25.83). Conclusions CGM may result in increased spending in the NICE-eligible T2DM cohort but is expected to reduce demand on secondary care services and GP time. These findings may be of interest to local decision-makers who wish to resolve the COVID-19 backlog with transformational investment in primary care to reduce secondary care activity.

Abstract Background Mature cystic teratoma co-existing with a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is a rare tumor that few cases have been reported until now. In these cases, either a benign teratoma is malignantly transformed into adenocarcinoma or a collision tumor is formed between a mature cystic teratoma and a mucinous tumor, which is either primarily originated from epithelial-stromal surface of the ovary, or secondary to a primary gastrointestinal tract tumor. The significance of individualizing the two tumors has a remarkable effect on further therapeutic management. Case presentation In this case, a mature cystic teratoma is co-existed with a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma in the same ovary in a 33-year-old Iranian female. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan with additional contrast of the left ovarian mass suggested a teratoma, whereas examination of resected ovarian mass reported an adenocarcinoma with a cystic teratoma. A dermoid cyst with another multi-septate cystic lesion including mucoid material was revealed in the gross examination of the surgical specimen. Histopathological examination revealed a mature cystic teratoma in association with a well-differentiated mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. The latter showed a CK7−/CK20 + immune profile. Due to the lack of clinical, radiological, and biochemical discoveries attributed to a primary lower gastrointestinal tract tumor, the immune profile proposed the chance of adenocarcinomatous transformation of a benign teratoma. Conclusions This case shows the significance of large sampling, precise recording of the gross aspects, histopathological examination, immunohistochemical analysis, and the help of radiological and clinical results to correctly diagnose uncommon tumors.

Incorporating sustainability into Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular (CFST) columns' optimization can enhance efficiency and sustainability in construction. Discrepancies in international standards for ultimate load capacity computation in compact CFST columns under eccentric loading, particularly with lightweight high-strength concrete, pose challenges. This research compile a dataset of compact CFST columns, evaluating design codes (AISC 360-16, Eurocode 4) against experimental results. Besides, a comprehensive finite-element model predicts compact CFST column performance, investigating axial force-moment (P-M) interaction behavior with respect to the material strength ratio (fy/fc′). In the second phase of the study, an ANN model, incorporating input parameters, estimates axial load capacity, facilitating multi-objective optimization for optimal CFST column geometry. The results confirmed that Eurocode 4 outperforms AISC 360-16 in experimental axial capacity predictions (Nuc/Nuc,theoretical) where, the mean and standard deviation for Eurocode 4 were estimated at 1.07 and 0.22, respectively, compared to 1.21 and 0.29 for AISC 360-16. Besides, statistical metrics confirm the precision of the ANN model, particularly with high-strength concrete, promising efficiency in future computational intelligence-based structural design platforms.

Data platforms increasingly mediate the relationship of society to the data it produces and therefore form a critical layer of the contemporary link between data and urbanisation. However, the current discussion of the impact of data platforms on urbanisation is limited on one hand by an overly metaphoric articulation of platforms, which obscures the material geographies and infrastructural landscapes of data production; and on the other hand, by an administratively bounded reading of platforms, which confines the discussion to only their most visible impact in cities. In this article I argue that to fully capture the impact of platforms on urbanisation we need to overcome these limitations by examining the ‘operational landscapes’ of data production and circulation. This extended ontology of platforms positions the spatial discourse of technology in relationship with other forms of capitalist spatial production and opens up the material geographies and infrastructural landscapes of data production for critical engagement as integral parts of the sociotechnical construction of platforms. By examining the data landscapes of Northern Virginia, I illustrate how historic and contemporary forces, actor networks, and urban dynamics contribute to the construction and maintenance of the extended geography of data platforms.

The Messinian Abu Madi Formation considered the most prospective reservoir target in the Nile Delta, is situated under the Pliocene Kafr El-Sheikh Formation, where most non-productive time takes place. Nevertheless, reaching the desired reservoir presents a greater level of complexity than first perceived. To mitigate the occurrence of significant non-productive time caused by wellbore instability problems, including stuck pipes, tight holes, pack-offs, and jarring or fishing operations, there has been an increased focus on geomechanical analysis. Therefore, this work aims to offer a comprehensive 1D mechanical earth model for a specific set of wells situated in the sapphire field, which is situated inside the West Delta Deep Marine region. The mechanical parameters of the rock were determined by the use of empirical equations, since the absence of core sample data necessitated reliance on wireline data. The analysis of the borehole image has provided clarification that the orientation of the maximum horizontal stress is aligned with the NNE-SSW direction. The calibration of this model was conducted using data obtained from wellbore stability events that occurred during the drilling operations of these wells. This model would be valuable in forecasting and minimizing prospective problems by predicating the proper safe mud window. Sapphire-Da, the primary key, is utilized in this particular piece of writing.

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer affecting people. The discovery of new, non-invasive, specific, and sensitive molecular biomarkers for CRC may assist in the diagnosis and support therapeutic decision making. Exosomal miRNAs have been demonstrated in carcinogenesis and CRC development, which makes these miRNAs strong biomarkers for CRC. Deep sequencing allows a robust high-throughput informatics investigation of the types and abundance of exosomal miRNAs. Thus, exosomal miRNAs can be efficiently examined as diagnostic biomarkers for disease screening. In the present study, a number of 660 mature miRNAs were detected in patients diagnosed with CRC at different stages. Of which, 29 miRNAs were differentially expressed in CRC patients compared with healthy controls. Twenty-nine miRNAs with high abundance levels were further selected for subsequent analysis. These miRNAs were either highly up-regulated (e.g., let-7a-5p, let-7c-5p, let-7f-5p, let-7d-3p, miR-423-5p, miR-3184-5p, and miR-584) or down-regulated (e.g., miR-30a-5p, miR-99-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-26-5p and miR-204-5p). These miRNAs influence critical genes in CRC, leading to either tumor growth or suppression. Most of the reported diagnostic exosomal miRNAs were shown to be circulating in blood serum. The latter is a novel miRNA that was found in exosomal profile of blood serum. Some of the predicted target genes of highly expressed miRNAs participate in several cancer pathways, including CRC pathway. These target genes include tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes and DNA repair genes. Main focus was given to multiple critical signaling cross-talking pathways including transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathways that are directly linked to CRC. In conclusion, we recommend further analysis in order to experimentally confirm exact relationships between selected differentially expressed miRNAs and their predicted target genes and downstream functional consequences.

Abstract Background Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is still undertreated in most patients, as evidence for pharmacological treatments is limited and conflicting. Also, the efficacy of the pharmacological agents relative to each other is still unclear. Therefore, medications that may potentially contribute to improving CRF will be investigated in this head-to-head trial. Our main objective is to compare the efficacy of methylphenidate vs. bupropion vs. ginseng vs. amantadine vs. placebo in patients with advanced cancer. Methods The 5-EPIFAT study is a 5-arm, randomized, multi-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial that will use a parallel-group design with an equal allocation ratio comparing the efficacy and safety of four medications (Methylphenidate vs. Bupropion vs. Ginseng vs. Amantadine) versus placebo for management of CRF. We will recruit 255 adult patients with advanced cancer who experience fatigue intensity ≥ 4 based on a 0–10 scale. The study period includes a 4-week intervention and a 4-week follow-up with repeated measurements over time. The primary outcome is the cancer-related fatigue level over time, which will be measured by the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy-fatigue (FACIT-F) scale. To evaluate safety, the secondary outcome is the symptomatic adverse events, which will be assessed using the Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events in cancer clinical trials (PRO-CTCAE). Also, a subgroup analysis based on a decision tree-based machine learning algorithm will be employed for the clinical prediction of different agents in homogeneous subgroups. Discussion The findings of the 5-EPIFAT trial could be helpful to guide clinical decision-making, personalization treatment approach, design of future trials, as well as the development of CRF management guidelines. Trial registration IRCT.ir IRCT20150302021307N6. Registered on 13 May 2023.

Background: Varicocele is one of the most common treatable causes of male infertility, and its treatment may bebeneficial for fertility. This study aimed to evaluate fertility rate and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) following varicocelectomyin primary infertile men with clinical varicocele.Materials and Methods: This prospective longitudinal study was conducted on primary infertility men, in a tertiarycenter from December 2018 to December 2019 with one-year follow-up. Data of the semen parameters, DFI (%), andfertility rate were gathered before, as well as 4 and 12 months after undergoing varicocelectomy. For data analysis,SPSS software and analytical test were used.Results: Out of 76 patients who were analyzed, 22 (29%) became fertile and 54 (71%) remained infertile. Semenparameters and DFI (%) were improved significantly following varicocelectomy (P

Background and Aim: The prison system in Iran is considered to be a part of sanctions that restrict or restrict freedom. Judiciary authorities use it repeatedly and irregularly due to the numerous prison-oriented laws, until now, all kinds of methods of reducing imprisonment have not been able to remove this punishment of deprivation of liberty from the circle of judges. The prison system aims to help reduce the return of prisoners and create security in society through the correct implementation of prison sentences in such a way that dangerous criminals and those who must be removed from it to protect society are reformed and those for whom prison is not their place and is due to coercion. The law is designed to prevent serious harm from being together with other criminals or staying away from family and society. Research Methodology: This qualitative research has been done in a descriptive-analytical method, relying on international instruments and studying national laws and regulations in the form of documents and libraries. Findings and Conclusion: Therefore, in this system, special regulations regarding prisoner services, legal friendships, prisoner employment, clarifying the duration of the prisoner's presence and programs during imprisonment, and the ways to get out of it have been discussed.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adding CPP-ACP into a daily-use toothpaste on the remineralization of enamel caries lesions.Methods: Thirty enamel blocks were obtained from bovine incisors. Each specimen was divided into three equal parts. One-third of each block was coated with varnish to serve as a sound control area, while the remaining two-thirds underwent a demineralization process. After demineralization, another one-third of the surface was varnished, leaving only one-third of the enamel to undergo remineralization. The enamel blocks were divided into three groups (n=10), according to the remineralization treatment applied as follows: Group 1: fluoride-containing toothpaste, Group 2: CPP-ACP-containing toothpaste, and Group 3: fluoride- and CPP–ACP–containing toothpaste. Remineralization was assessed through the Vickers microhardness test at various depths (20, 50, 120 and 200 µm). The data were analyzed by ANOVA and LSD test, and P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: There was a significant difference in remineralization efficacy between the groups at the depth of 20 µm (P 0.001). Pairwise comparisons revealed that the toothpaste containing both fluoride and CPP-ACP had a significantly greater microhardness than other experimental groups (P 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the study groups concerning microhardness at 50, 120 and 200 µm depths (P 0.05).Conclusions: CPP-ACP can serve as a suitable alternative to fluoride in daily-use toothpaste for enamel remineralization. The concurrent use of fluoride and CPP-ACP in toothpaste can generate a synergistic remineralizing effect at the enamel surface layer.

Abstract We construct a new family of Type IIB backgrounds that are dual to five dimensional conformal field theories compactified and deformed by VEVs of certain operators. This generates an RG flow into a smooth background dual to non-SUSY gapped field theories in four dimensions. We study various holographic observables: a monotonic quantity associated with the number of degrees of freedom, Wilson loops that interpolate between conformal and confining behaviour with the possibility of screening, Entanglement Entropy, etc. We also give a prescription to compute the Holographic Complexity in this type of backgrounds and calculate the spectrum of spin-two glueballs of the field theories.