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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate acute stroke care services in Sindh province of Pakistan. METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted from January to May 2024, assessed stroke care services in hospitals across Sindh, Pakistan. The study included hospitals that admitted more than one stroke patient per month and excluded facilities such as maternity homes and rehabilitation centers. Data were collected via structured proformas from hospital administrators through phone and email, focusing on stroke admissions, acute services, and rehabilitation capabilities. Informed consent was obtained, and ethical approval was granted by the Shifa International Hospital Ethical Committee. Data analysis utilized SPSS version 20 for continuous and categorical variables. RESULTS: Among the 34 surveyed hospitals, 15(44.1%) treated 1 to 10 stroke patients monthly, and 14 (41.2%) admitted over 300 patients annually. Neurologists were on staff in 15(44.1%) of hospitals, and 13 (38.2%) had stroke-trained physicians available 24/7. CT brain scans were accessible 24/7 in 23 (67.6%) of hospitals, with 19(55.9%) prioritizing these scans for stroke patients. Stroke units and 24/7 availability of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) were available in 07 (20.6%) of hospitals only. Inpatient rehabilitation facilities were available in 21(61.8%) of hospitals, and 13 (38.2%) collaborated with external rehabilitation centers. Community stroke awareness programs were established in 12 (35.3%) of hospitals, and 09 (26.5%) had designed stroke prevention programs. CONCLUSION: The study highlights significant gaps in acute stroke care services in Sindh, Pakistan, emphasizing the need for improved access to thrombolytic therapy, specialized training, and community awareness programs.

Perlindungan ini meliputi berbagai aspek, mulai dari hak kreditur untuk memperoleh informasi yang akurat tentang kondisi keuangan debitur, hak untuk menuntut pembayaran utang melalui pengadilan, hingga hak untuk memperoleh bagian dari aset debitur dalam proses kepailitan. Tujuan dari penelitian Guna Mengetahui Kreditur Dan Debitur Dalam Sengketa Hutang Piutang Yang Berakhir Dengan Kepailitan Di Kota Medan, Guna Mengetahui Sanksi Hukum Bagi Debitur Dalam Sengketa Hutang Piutang Yang Berakhir Dengan Kepailitan Di Kota Medan dan Guna Mengetahui Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Kreditur Dalam Sengketa Hutang Piutang Yang Berakhir Dengan Kepailitan Menurut UndangUndang No. 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang. Metode Penelitian Desain penelitian ini adalah suatu usulan untuk memecahkan masalah dan merupakan rencana kegiatan yang dibuat peneliti untuk memecahkan masalah, sehingga akan diperoleh data yang valid sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian. Metode penelitian ini bersifat yuridis normatif yang akan menggali dari berbagai literatur sekunder terdiri dari perundang-undangan, peraturan-peraturan, buku-buku, jurnal dan makalah yang berkaitan dengan Paten. Metode pengumpulan data adalah teknik atau cara-cara yang dapat digunakan oleh peneliti untuk pengumpulan data. Teknik dalam menunjuk suatu kata yang abstrak dan tidak diwujudkan dalam benda, tetapi hanya dapat dilihat penggunaannya melalui: angket, wawancara, pengamatan, ujian (tes), dokumentasi, dan lain-lain. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Penyelesaian utang debitur pailit terhadap para krediturnya melaui perdamaian (accoord) dapat terjadi apabila paling lambat 8 (delapan) hari sebelum rapat pencocokan piutang debitur pailit mengajukan rencana perdamaian dan diumumkan dengan jalan diletakkan di Kepaniteraan Pengadilan Niaga (Pasal 145 Undang-Undang Nomor 37 tahun 2004 tentang kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang). Rencana perdamaian tersebut wajib dibicarakan dan segera diambil keputusan setelah pencocokan piutang berakhir, apabila rencana perdamaian disetujui oleh kreditur menurut prosedur yang berlaku serta memperoleh pengesahan dari Pengadilan Niaga dan telah berkekuatan hukum tetap, maka kepailitan berakhir. Berdasarkan hasil kesimpulan bahwa ketentuan pasal di atas menunjukan bahwa baik debitur maupun kreditur mempunyai hak asasi manusia dimana hak ini melekat pada hakikat dan keberadaan manusia sebagai anugerah Tuhan Yang Maha Esa harus dilindungi oleh negara, pemerintah, dan hukum. Atas dasar ini maka Undangundang Kepailitan harus memberikan perlindungan seimbang bagi debitur dan kreditur sebagai perwujudan pemenuhan perlindungan hak asasi manusia.

Background: The position of the optic chiasm relative to surrounding structures is critical in planning surgical interventions for suprasellar lesions. This study explored the relationship between the angle of the optic chiasm and lamina terminalis (OC-LT) and the position of the optic chiasm. Methods: The study comprised 140 individuals who underwent midsagittal and axial MRI-T2 scans. The position of the optic chiasm was classified into three categories: sellar, prefixed, and postfixed. The OC-LT angle was measured in the midsagittal section. Results: The angle between OC-LT varied from 30 to 66 degrees with a mean of 46.6 degrees. The sellar position of the optic chiasm was predominant (85.2%), with smaller angles (30-39 degrees) significantly associated with a sellar chiasm location. Most cases with postfixed optic chiasm fell within a 40-49 degree angle range. Conclusions: The OC-LT angle variability can be linked to the position of the optic chiasm. Predominantly, smaller angles correlated with a sellar position of the optic chiasm, while larger angles were associated with a postfixed optic chiasm. This information is crucial for surgical planning in the suprasellar region.

In this study, white mulberry (WM; Morus alba L.) and its leaf (WML) were hydrolyzed using enzymes at different preheating temperatures (50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 °C) with distilled water at a ratio of 1:10 (w/v). Pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and alcalase were employed for enzymatic hydrolysis, aiming to investigate the impact of heat treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis on bioactive properties; in particular, angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory (ACE-i) and antioxidant activities. The highest hydrolysis efficiency was observed when using pepsin. The smaller peptides with

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are synthetic compounds, commonly used as plasticizers and softeners in plastic material production, and they are recognized as endocrine-disrupting chemicals. This study was focused on monitoring the extent of PAEs migration in vacuum-packaged Kashar cheeses and plastic materials used in their packaging. A total of fifteen cheese samples were tested for PAEs, including benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisononyl phthalate (DiNP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), and diisodecyl phthalate (DiDP). The quantification (LOQ) and detection (LOD) limits varied between 0.197 to 0.619 µg/mL and 0.059 to 0.185 µg/mL for all analytes, respectively. All phthalate ester concentrations in both of the cheese samples and their packaging materials were below the detectable level LOQ of the analytical method. FTIR spectra also confirmed that the packaging materials which consisted of polypropylene and polyethylene.

Although herbicides are essential for global agriculture and controlling weeds, they impact soil microbial communities and CO2 emissions. However, the effects of herbicides, tillage systems, and nitrogen fertilisation on CO2 emissions under different environmental conditions are poorly understood. This review explores how various agricultural practices and inputs affect CO2 emissions and addresses the impact of pest-management strategies, tillage systems, and nitrogen fertiliser usage on CO2 emissions using multiple databases. Key findings indicate that both increased and decreased tendencies in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were observed, depending on the herbicide type, dose, soil properties, and application methods. Several studies reported a positive correlation between CO2 emissions and increased agricultural production. Combining herbicides with other methods effectively controls emissions with minimal chemical inputs. Conservation practices like no-tillage were more effective than conventional tillage in mitigating carbon emissions. Integrated pest management, conservation tillage, and nitrogen fertiliser rate optimisation were shown to reduce herbicide use and soil greenhouse gas emissions. Fertilisers are similarly important; depending on the dosage, they may support yield or harm the soil. Fertiliser benefits are contingent on appropriate management practices for specific soil and field conditions. This review highlights the significance of adaptable management strategies that consider local environmental conditions and can guide future studies and inform policies to promote sustainable agriculture practices worldwide.

في هذا البحث تم التعرف على تأثير استخدام منصات التواصل الاجتماعي في تكوين صور العلامة التجارية وبناء الثقة والولاء لدى الزبائن في السوق العراقي. إذ اعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي من خلال تقديم استبانة ووزعت على 100 شخص عشوائياً من بينهم مستخدمي منصات التواصل الاجتماعي والمسوقين الإلكترونين وعدد من مديري الشركات التي تستخدم التسويق الرقمي، من خلال فحص وتحليل إجابات المشاركين عن تفاعل المستخدمين وجودة المحتوى على هذه المنصات، نشير إلى أن الاستجابة الفعّالة والإيجابية يمكن أن تعزز بشكل كبير فهم العلامة التجارية وثقة الزبائن، مما يسهم في بناء علاقات قائمة على الولاء. بناءً على الفرضيات والتوصيات العملية، تظهر الدراسة أهمية تكامل استراتيجيات التسويق الرقمي عبر منصات التواصل الاجتماعي لتحقيق أهداف تسويقية فعّالة وتعزيز مكانة العلامة التجارية في أذهان الجمهور العراق، ومن هنا يمكن لهذا البحث أن يسهم مكن للبحث أن يساهم في تطوير استراتيجيات التسويق الرقمي وإدارة العلامات التجارية، خاصة في سياق استخدام منصات التواصل الاجتماعي، ويمكن أن يكون ذا أهمية خاصة للشركات والمسوقين العاملين في سوق العراق.

ABSTRACTLactoferrin is the part of whey proteins, which does not become the part of curd and is lost in the whey. The objective of the current investigation was to develop lactoferrin-supplemented cheddar cheese. Cheddar cheese was supplemented with lactoferrin at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 0 mg/100 g concentrations (T1, T2, T3, T4, and control) and matured for 90 days. The supplementation of lactoferrin at all four concentrations did not affect the compositional attributes of cheddar cheese. In mature cheddar cheese, values of log-colony forming units in T1, T2, T3, T4, and control per mL were 7.82, 7.77, 6.51, 6.21, and 7.95, respectively. Lactoferrin contents of T1, T2, T3, T4, and control were 4.98, 9.89, 14.91, 19.88, and 0.11 mg/100 g cheese. In vitro total antioxidant capacity of mature T1, T2, T3, T4, and control were 32.47%, 47.68%, 65.37%, 78.82%, and 45.79%. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that concentrations of citric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid in mature T4 were 2389, 16,468, 126, and 141 mg/kg. Analysis of cheese samples on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that fatty acids composition was not influenced by the supplementation of lactoferrin. Peroxide value of matured T1, T2, T3, T4, and control was 0.31, 0.30, 0.28, 0.35, and 0.28 (meqO2/kg) with no variation in color, flavor and texture score. The results of the current investigation proved that lactoferrin can be used for the supplementation of cheddar cheese.