Search

Fluorination of graphene sheets with xenon difluoride leads to the formation of the widest bandgap Gr derivative, namely, fluorographene. Accurate experimental observations distinguish two stages of mechanism in the fluorination procedure: the half-fluorination stage, wherein one side of the Gr sheet is rapidly fluorinated, and the full-fluorination stage, involving much slower fluorination of the opposite side of the sheet [R. J. Kashtiban et al., Nat. Commun. 5, 5902 (2014)]. Here, we perform comprehensive density functional calculations to illustrate accurate microscopic insights into the much slower rate of the full-fluorination stage compared with the half-fluorination one. The calculated minimum energy paths for the half- and full-fluorination processes demonstrate much enhanced fluorine adsorption after the half-fluorination stage, which sounds inconsistent with the experimental picture. This ambiguity is explained in terms of significant chemical activation of the graphene sheet after half-fluorination, which remarkably facilitates the formation of chemical contaminants in the system and, thus, substantially slows down the full-fluorination procedure. After considering the binding energy and durability of the relevant chemical species, including hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen molecules and xenon atom, it is argued that oxygen–fluorine ligands are the most likely chemical contaminants opposing the complete fluorination of a graphene sheet. Then, we propose an oxygen desorption mechanism to carefully explain the much enhanced rate of the full-fluorination procedure at elevated temperatures. The potential photocatalytic application of the pristine and defected samples in water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction reactions is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we perform a systematic search to find the possible lowest energy structure of silicon nanoclusters Sin (n = 8-80) by means of an evolutionary algorithm. The fitness function for this search is the total energy of density functional tight binding (DFTB). To be on firm ground, we take several low energy structures of DFTB and perform further geometrical optimization by density functional theory (DFT). Then we choose structures with the lowest DFT total energy and compare them with the reported lowest energy structures in the literature. In our search, we found several lowest energy structures that were previously unreported. We further observe a geometrical transition at n = 27 from elongated to globular structures. In addition, the optical gap of the lowest energy structures is investigated by time-dependent DFTB (TD-DFTB) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT). The results show the same trend in TD-DFTB and TD-DFT for the optical gap. We also find a sudden drop in the optical gap at n = 27, precisely where the geometrical transition occurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we employ an evolutionary algorithm along with the full-potential density functional theory (DFT) computations to perform a comprehensive search for the stable structures of stoichiometric (WS2)n nano-clusters (n = 1 - 9), within three different exchange-correlation functionals. Our results suggest that n = 5 and 8 are possible candidates for the low temperature magic sizes of WS2 nano-clusters while at temperatures above 500 Kelvin, n = 7 exhibits a comparable relative stability with n = 8. The electronic properties and energy gap of the lowest energy isomers were computed within several schemes, including semilocal Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof and Becke- Lee-Yang-Parr functionals, hybrid B3LYP functional, many body based DFT+GW approach, ΔSCF method, and time dependent DFT calculations. Vibrational spectra of the lowest lying isomers, computed by the force constant method, are used to address IR spectra and thermal free energy of the clusters. Time dependent density functional calculation in a real time domain is applied to determine the full absorption spectra and optical gap of the lowest energy isomers of the WS2 nano-clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FeF3, with its half-filled Fe3+ 3d orbital, hence zero orbital angular momentum and S = 5/2, is often put forward as a prototypical highly frustrated classical Heisenberg pyrochlore antiferromagnet. By employing ab initio density functional theory, we obtain an effective spin Hamiltonian for this material. This Hamiltonian contains nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic Heisenberg, biquadratic, and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions as dominant terms and we use Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the nonzero temperature properties of this minimal model. We find that upon decreasing temperature, the system passes through a Coulomb phase, composed of short-range correlated coplanar states, before transforming into an "all-in/all-out" (AIAO) state via a very weakly first-order transition at a critical temperature Tc ≈ 22 K, in good agreement with the experimental value for a reasonable set of Coulomb interaction U and Hund's coupling JH describing the material. Despite the transition being first order, the AIAO order parameter evolves below Tc with a power-law behavior characterized by a pseudo "critical exponent" β ≈ 0.18 in accord with experiment. We comment on the origin of this unusual β value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bi3Mn4O12(NO3) (BMNO) is a honeycomb bilayers antiferromagnet, not showing any ordering down to very low temperatures despite having a relatively large Curie-Weiss temperature. Using ab initio density functional theory, we extract an effective spin Hamiltonian for this compound. The proposed spin Hamiltonian consists of antiferrimagnetic Heisenberg terms with coupling constants ranging up to third intralayer and fourth interlayer neighbors. Performing Monte Carlo simulation, we obtain the temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility and so the Curie-Weiss temperature and find the coupling constants which best match with the experimental value. We discover that depending on the strength of the interlayer exchange couplings, two collinear spin configurations compete with each other in this system. Both states have in plane Néel character, however, at small interlayer coupling spin directions in the two layers are antiparallel (N1 state) and discontinuously transform to parallel (N2 state) by enlarging the interlayer couplings at a first order transition point. Classical Monte Carlo simulation and density matrix renormalization group calculations confirm that exchange couplings obtained for BMNO are in such a way that put this material at the phase boundary of a first order phase transition, where the trading between these two collinear spin states prevents it from setting in a magnetically ordered state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First-principles calculations are performed to investigate f magnetism in A 2 Ti 2 O 7 (A=Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb) magnetic pyrochlore oxides. The Hubbard U parameter and the relativistic spin orbit correction are applied for a more accurate description of the electronic structure of the systems. It is argued that the main obstacle for the first-principles study of these systems is the multi-minima solutions of their electronic configuration. Among the studied pyrochlores, Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 shows the least multi-minima problem. The crystal electric field theory is applied for phenomenological comparison of the calculated spin and orbital moments with the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The size-dependent properties of small pure copper and silver clusters and their alloys with one and two palladium atoms are studied by using full-potential density functional computations. The stable isomers of these clusters are identified and their magic numbers are determined via the analysis of the second difference of their minimized energy. We discuss that the doped Pd generally prefers the high coordination sites of the pure cluster. It is argued that Pd doping influences the structural cross over of these clusters. The GW correction is applied for more accurate determination of the electronic structure of the systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we perform a systematic search to find the possible lowest energy structure of silicon nanoclusters Si n ( n = 8-80) by means of an evolutionary algorithm. The fitness function for this search is the total energy of density functional tight binding (DFTB). To be on firm ground, we take several low energy structures of DFTB and perform further geometrical optimization by density functional theory (DFT). Then we choose structures with the lowest DFT total energy and compare them with the reported lowest energy structures in the literature. In our search, we found several lowest energy structures that were previously unreported. We further observe a geometrical transition at n = 27 from elongated to globular structures. In addition, the optical gap of the lowest energy structures is investigated by time-dependent DFTB (TD-DFTB) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT). The results show the same trend in TD-DFTB and TD-DFT for the optical gap. We also find a sudden drop in the optical gap at n = 27, precisely where the geometrical transition occurs.

In this paper, we employ an evolutionary algorithm along with the full-potential density functional theory (DFT) computations to perform a comprehensive search for the stable structures of stoichiometric (WS 2 ) n nano-clusters (n = 1 - 9), within three different exchange-correlation functionals. Our results suggest that n = 5 and 8 are possible candidates for the low temperature magic sizes of WS 2 nano-clusters while at temperatures above 500 Kelvin, n = 7 exhibits a comparable relative stability with n = 8. The electronic properties and energy gap of the lowest energy isomers were computed within several schemes, including semilocal Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof and Becke-Lee-Yang-Parr functionals, hybrid B3LYP functional, many body based DFT+GW approach, ΔSCF method, and time dependent DFT calculations. Vibrational spectra of the lowest lying isomers, computed by the force constant method, are used to address IR spectra and thermal free energy of the clusters. Time dependent density functional calculation in a real time domain is applied to determine the full absorption spectra and optical gap of the lowest energy isomers of the WS 2 nano-clusters.