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This research study aimed to investigate the chemical constituents and evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of stem latex extracts from the endemic medicinal plant Euphorbia arbuscula found on Socotra Island, Yemen. The study aimed to assess the potential medicinal and veterinary uses of this plant, representing the first evaluation of its properties. The stem latex was extracted using ethanol, and the resulting oil underwent analysis using GC-MS to identify eight compounds. In addition, chromatographic techniques were employed to isolate two triterpenoids, lanosterol and lupeol, from the stem latex. The structures of these compounds were confirmed using IR, MS, and NMR techniques. The antibacterial activity of the extracts and isolated compounds was evaluated against three bacterial strains using the disc diffusion method, revealing only weak antibacterial effects. The study also investigated the antioxidant activity using the DPPH assay, where the ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest activity with an IC50 value of ±13.55 µg/mL, followed by the chloroform extract with an IC50 of ±21.87 µg/mL. These findings emphasize the potential of Euphorbia arbuscula in the development of new medicines, particularly due to its notable antioxidant activity. The research methodology employed a scientifically rigorous approach, utilizing a comprehensive range of analytical techniques. However, further investigation is required to fully assess the plant's potential as a therapeutic agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nausea and vomiting are symptoms associated with a lot of diseases and oral tablets may be unprofitable for patients especially those suffering from nausea and vomiting. Therefore, this study aimed to formulate a new meclizine and pyridoxine combination formula for chewable tablets and provide rapid drug absorption and decrease motion sickness. The new chewable formulation has been prepared to provide fast action, is more acceptable, and could be used for all age categories. Seven trials haves been carried out to prepare to find the suitable one where formula 7 of the chewable gum preparation exhibited good taste and hardness, while the gelatin formulation give an accepted formula after four trials with better taste and good acceptance. The prepared formulations give a dissolution profile of meclizine (95.53–102.8%) and pyridoxine (99.25 ± 115%) and assay (98 + 0.05–99.3 ± 0.8%) for meclizine and (97 ± 0.9–100.0 ± 0.08%) for the pyridoxine in three prepared formulations of chewable tablets. Followed by the evaluation, the formulation and testing them on human volunteers are carried out to confirm their effect to ensure acceptance and fast actions. The finding is promising for preparing a new route of administration of meclizine and pyridoxine combination to be used in the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of recent developments in the scientific and technological world, herbs are widely used as remedial agents. This study was aimed to formulate and evaluate the safety and the efficacy of herbal antidandruff shampoo from Ziziphus spina-christi (Sidr) leaves extract, which is used traditionally for several medical and cosmetic purposes. Sidr leaves were extracted by maceration using ethanol as a solvent. The antifungal activity of the plant extract was tested against M. furfur. In-vivo study of the extract has been evaluated with daily oral doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) for 28 days for tested rats, followed by, evaluation of the biochemical and histological parameters. Subsequently, the plant extract was formulated as a shampoo and tested for its antidandruff efficiency on 80 volunteers, with dandruff, for four consecutive weeks. An obvious antifungal activity against M. furfur has been displayed by sidr extract, where 86% of the tested volunteers substantially ameliorated from dandruff with sidr shampoo formulation. The toxicity of the extract was not shown aberrant results as compared with the control group in biochemical analysis. However, mild histological harmful effects on the liver and kidney tissues appeared at high doses of the extract, 100 and 200mg/kg, when used orally. As a conclusion, sidr extract could be used topically as anti-dandruff shampoo formulation with high efficiency and good safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Peperomia belongs to the family of Piperaceae. It has different uses in folk medicine and contains rare compounds that have led to increased interest in this genus. Peperomia blanda (Jacq.) Kunth is used as an injury disinfectant by Yemeni people. In addition, the majority of Yemen's population still depend on the traditional remedy for serious diseases such as cancer, inflammation and infection. Currently, there is a deficiency of scientific evidence with regards to the medicinal plants from Yemen. Therefore, this study was performed to assess the chemical profile and in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of P. blanda. Methods. Chemical profiling of P. blanda was carried out using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) followed by isolation of bioactive compounds by column chromatography. DPPH· and FRAP assays were used to evaluate antioxidant activity and the MTT assay was performed to estimate the cytotoxicity activity against three cancer cell lines, namely MCF-7, HL-60 and WEHI-3, and three normal cell lines, MCF10A, WRL-68 and HDFa. Results. X-ray crystallographic data for peperomin A is reported for the first time here and N,N0-diphenethyloxamide was isolated for the first time from Peperomia blanda. Methanol and dichloromethane extracts showed high radical scavenging activity with an IC50 of 36.81 ± 0.09 µg/mL, followed by the dichloromethane extract at 61.78 ± 0.02 µg/mL, whereas the weak ferric reducing activity of P. blanda extracts ranging from 162.2 ± 0.80 to 381.5 ± 1.31 µg/mL were recorded. In addition, petroleum ether crude extract exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity against all the tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 9.54 ± 0.30, 4.30 ± 0.90 and 5.39 ± 0.34 µg/mL, respectively. Peperomin A and the isolated mixture of phytosterol (stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) exhibited cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and WE-HI cell lines with an IC50 of (5.58 ± 0.47, 4.62 ± 0.03 µg/mL) and (8.94 ± 0.05, 9.84 ± 0.61 µg/mL), respectively, compared to a standard drug, taxol, that has IC50 values of 3.56 ± 0.34 and 1.90 ± 0.9 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusion. The activities of P. blanda extracts and isolated compounds recorded in this study underlines the potential that makes this plant a valuable source for further study on anticancer and antioxidant activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]