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The implication of nano-additives in drilling fluids introduces a promising avenue for enhancing sustainability in the oil and gas industry. By upgrading the properties of drilling fluids, nano-additives can contribute to mitigating the drilling costs, improving wellbore stability, and minimizing the environmental impact. For example, the use of nano-additives can diminish the amount of drilling fluid required, thus reducing the volume of waste generated. Also, nano-additives can enhance the efficacy of drilling operations, leading to reduced energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. This review researches the potential of nano-additives in enhancing sustainable drilling practices, emphasizing the environmental advantages and economic advantages associated with their usage. Specifically, this comprehensive review will elucidate the most recent developments in drilling fluids by evaluating the impact of nano-additives. Referring to the conclusions, adding nanoparticles to drilling fluids significantly improves their characteristics. At 0.2 parts per billion (ppb), for example, the yield stress increases by 36% and the plastic viscosity increases by 17%. In addition, the inclusion of nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.6 ppb led to a significant decrease of 60% in the loss of filtrate. The measured enhancements highlight the capacity of nano-additives to augment the properties of drilling fluid, necessitating additional investigation into their prospective applications for enhancing competitiveness in the gas and oil industry. This study methodically examines the effects of these breakthroughs on scientific, commercial, and industrial sectors. It intends to provide an inclusive understanding of the possible advantages of nano-additives in drilling operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study utilizes numerical analysis to investigate laminar flow and natural convective heat transfer of nanofluids (NFs) within dome-shaped enclosures (DSEs). The horizontal walls of the enclosure are adiabatic, while the vertical walls on the right and left are maintained at isothermal conditions with low and high temperatures, respectively. The study focuses on examining the impact of DSEs on flow patterns and natural convection (N.C.) under varying parameters, including Rayleigh numbers (Ra), Lewis numbers (Le), enclosure inclination angles, dome angles, and buoyancy ratio number (Nr). The Prandtl number (Pr) and nanoparticle volume fraction are consistently maintained at 10 and 0.05, respectively. The governing equations have been resolved by applying the Eulerian–Eulerian two-phase model. The study reveals that the DSE significantly influences flow dynamics, leading to smoother circulation patterns that intensify convection currents. This movement of hot fluid toward cooler regions within the enclosure enhances natural convective heat transfer. Across all enclosure inclination angles, the average Nusselt number (Nu) increases with higher Ra, while the Le remains constant at 4. Significantly, due to its robust convective currents, the average Nu in the DSE with a 45° dome angle surpasses those of corresponding square and rectangular enclosures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The control and improvement of heat transfer in enclosures is very important in several engineering applications. In the current two-dimensional numerical study, the mixed convection and entropy generation of water flowing inside a square vented enclosure that contains four vibrating cylinders with relatively low frequencies fr = 1, 2, 3, 5 Hz in the vertical and horizontal directions are reported. The effects of Reynolds and Richardson numbers, vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, and the direction of the cylinders' vibration on heat transfer and entropy generation are presented for various cases. The horizontal walls of the enclosure are kept adiabatic while the vertical left and right walls are hot and cold, respectively. The linear regression analysis was used to reveal the rate of increase in the Nusselt number with the Reynolds and Richardson numbers number for each cases. Series of analyses show that the existence and the vibration of the cylinders increases heat transfer but the vibration in the horizontal direction is more effective since the top and bottom walls of the enclosure are adiabatic. It is found that the entropy generation due to heat transfer is low at the center of the enclosure. The direct relationship between the heat transfer and both Reynolds and Richardson numbers is reported. In terms of heat transfer, it is found that the critical vibration frequency and amplitude are fr = 4 and A = 0.05L and 0.075L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this numerical study, the heat transfers of two types of fuels, namely kerosene and gasoline, were studied within a wavy channel with pulsed flow. The CFD module at COMSOL Multiphysics was used in this study. Several variables were used and applied to both types of fuel and compared between them. These variables included the values of Reynolds numbers between 200 to 800, as well as several values of Strouhal Numbers between 0 to 0.25. Different variable values were also used for the wavy channel, including the wave numbers (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10) as well as variable values of the wave amplitude (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3). Through this study, it was observed that as Strouhal Numbers increase, there is an increase in the Nusselt Number value. It was also observed that as the number of waves increases, there is an improvement in the heat transfer values. The numerical results showed that the values of heat transfer improved with an increase in the amplitude of the wave.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing thermal performance and lowering heat loss in energy conversion systems are essential, especially for new and complicated products that make this requirement worse. In order to address this difficulty, this study looks at fluid flow and heat transmission using hybrid nanofluid and nanoporous materials in combination cavities. The numerical simulation of natural convection within a hollow two-dimensional cavity comprised of two connected tilted squares with a circular hollow at the center is investigated. The inner heated square is filled with a nanoporous material, whereas the rest of the cavity is filled with Cu-Al2O3 hybrid nanofluid. The COMSOL Multiphysics software is utilized to simulate the dimensionless governing equations. A comparison with previously published research showed a good agreement. Calculations are performed for different values of Ra number (Ra: 103, 104, 105, and 106), Darcy number (Da: 10–1, 10–2, 10–3, 10–4, and 10–5), volume fraction (φ: 0, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06), width (W: 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4), and uniform porosity (ε: 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8). The results demonstrated that the increase of the porosity leads to a decrease in the Nu number with the Rayleigh number increase. Darcy and Rayleigh numbers have a significant impact on the width (W) between the hybrid nanofluid and nanoporous layers. In addition to the above, the fluid flow slows down at Ra = 103, which causes S ˙ gen , T ⌣ and Be to increase. The rising of Ra from 104 to 105 causes no change in the S ˙ gen , T ⌣ because heat is primarily transported by conduction, but the maximum Be number is reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study investigates the consequences of introducing a pair of oscillating elliptical obstacles on the natural convection and entropy generation within a quarter-circle cavity that is filled with a water-based hybrid nanofluid. The Galerkin Finite Element Method was utilized to perform numerical simulations on a 2-dimensional cavity, where the outer wall was set to a low temperature and the inner wall was kept at a high temperature, while the other walls were adiabatic. The hybrid nanofluid containing Cu-Al2O3 nanoparticles was used. The impact of changes in the values of dimensionless parameters, such as the Rayleigh number, heated wall length, oscillation frequency, oscillation amplitude, and oscillation period, on the flow and heat transfer within the cavity was examined. Results showed that an increase in the length of the hot source resulted in a decrease in heat transfer rate and that increasing the Rayleigh number led to a significant increase in total entropy generation and heat transfer irreversibility. A drop in the average Bejan number was noted as the Rayleigh number increased, demonstrating the prevalence of entropy caused by fluid friction. The effect of changing the amplitude had a higher impact on the average Nusselt number compared to the frequency value. At low Rayleigh numbers, the average Nusselt number was higher when the elliptical obstacles oscillated in the same direction, while the opposite trend was observed at higher Rayleigh numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]