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17. The signature of serum MicroRNA folding change in rheumatoid arthritis

Author

Ahmed Jawad, Rana M Hameed, and Jasem Hanoon Hashim Al-Awadi

Subjects
ct u6, folding change, microrna-146a, rheumatoid arthritis, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

BACKGROUND: A class of endogenous single-stranded short noncoding RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs) has become important epigenetic regulators of physiological and pathological processes in numerous disorders. They regulate the posttranscriptional expression of many genes to control basic cellular pathways and functions. Many research indicates that miRNAs play a role in the initiation and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). OBJECTIVE: This study was comprehensively focused on the role of miRNA-146a and impaired cellular functions in RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case–control study was conducted on a total of 90 samples, comprising 30 control samples and 60 RA patient samples. Samples of patients were chosen from the Imam Hassan al-Mujtaba Hospital located in Kerbala Governate. RNAClean XP Kit and an RNase-Free DNase Set were used to isolate and purify total RNA. Through statistical analysis, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine how effectively the predicted value worked. RESULTS: Patients with RA were shown an increasing level of the folding change of miRNA-146a when compared to the control groups. A comparison of serum level of miRNA-146a fold change in different body mass index (BMI) groups was also performed. The level of folding change was shown a massive increasing that was seen with increasing BMI. It was found that miRNA-146a and folding change were highly significant risk factors in RA. CONCLUSION: MiRNAs-164a may be an appealing alternative for usage as biomarkers in clinical applications such as prognosis and disease detection.

Published
2024
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32. Applying Bloom's Taxonomy in Transdisciplinary Engineering Design Education

Author

Sharunova, Alyona, Wang, Yang, Kowalski, Michael, and Qureshi, Ahmed Jawad

Abstract

The new transdisciplinary nature of industrial product design should be appropriately addressed by post-secondary institutions and engineering schools in their curricula to ensure high quality of engineering design education and its applicability to industrial demands. To achieve this, a new transdisciplinary teaching methodology is required. This paper presents the results of a pilot trial of a new transdisciplinary teaching approach to engineering design education based on Bloom's Taxonomy and a comparative analysis of the cognitive game task performed by both professors and fours groups of students to investigate the differences in their design thinking. The approach included the knowledge component in the form of a lecture, a cognitive game task developed to map the design thinking of engineers, and administration of a modified sample design problem. The knowledge components consisted of a guest lecture on transdisciplinary engineering design and disciplinary differences. The cognitive task involved the formation of design activities and their placement along a general design process. The modification of the sample design problem involved the application of action verbs of Bloom's Taxonomy to create guiding steps to guide students' thinking while solving the problem. The results revealed a strong relation between engineering design activity and cognitive mental activity in both students and professors. The course instructors who piloted the new approach provided positive feedback finding it to be a "useful element" for the introduction of transdisciplinarity as well as for students' reflection on their design thinking. In addition, the application of Bloom's Taxonomy in design problems suggested potential improvements in students' performance on design tasks. The results of this study are applicable for the development of engineering design courses and transdisciplinary projects.

Published
2022
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43. Effect of Local Floor Heating System on Occupants’ Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

Author

Hassan J. Dakkama, Ahmed Jawad Khaleel, Ahmed Qasim Ahmed, Wisam A. M. Al-Shohani, and Hayder M. B. Obaida

Subjects
underfloor air distribution, local heating, CFD, energy saving, thermal comfort, Thermodynamics, QC310.15-319, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, QC120-168.85
Abstract

In this article, the influence of splitting a local underfloor air distribution system (UFAD) on indoor thermal comfort for three occupants was studied numerically. A validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was employed in this investigation. The proposed heating system was evaluated and analyzed for different values of air temperature and supply velocity. Providing suitable thermal comfort and saving energy are considered the main evaluation indexes for this study. Three cases, cases 2, 3, and 4, of the proposed local UFAD system were compared with a traditional heating system case, case 1. The supplying air velocity and air temperature in the reference case were 0.5 m/s and 29 °C, while in cases 2, 3, and 4, they were 0.4 m/s and 29 °C, 28 °C, and 27 °C, respectively. The results show that acceptable indoor human thermal comfort and energy demand reduction were achieved by using the splitting UFAD concept.

Published
2023
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