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يشكل انفتاح الصحافة امام القادمين اليها من كل الاتجاهات والالوان والمهن واحدا من التهديدات التي واجهتها، وتستدرج احاطة الصحفي بالحماية الاجتماعية عينات غير محدودة من الذين يريدون في هذه المهنة وسيلة للارتزاق او التكسب او ممارسة الالاعيب. لقد انتبه الصحفيون الى ظاهرة انتشار العناصر الصحفية السيئة والمتخلفة واللا اخلاقية، وهبوا في حقب عديدة الى حماية مهنتهم بما يرونه اسلحة مشروعة لوقف مزيد من تسلل الطارئين الذين يقلل استمرار وجودهم من هيبة الصحافة ويفقدها دورها المطلوب. وتشكل مواثيق العمل الصحفي التي باتت تعرف بالاخلاقيات اهم الصياغات القانونية التي توصلت اليها ارادة الصحفيين والمعنيين بالمهنة وتم اشهارها امام الملأ لتكون دليل عمل متفق عليه بالنسبة لهم وعامل ردع بالنسبة لاولئك الذين لايفهمون من الصحافة الا وصفها بانها ممارسة تخدم مصالحهم عن طريق ابتزاز الجمهور او الايقاع به او تحقيق منافع لمن يعملون معهم، ولقد اراد الحكام والباحثون عن الوجاهة والسلطان الاشتهار من خلالها، وقد شاءت الاستبداديات الكبرى ان تحول الصحافة من طبيعتها كسلطة للحرية الى خادم متنفذ، كما ارادت المجاميع البشرية والاحزاب والهيئات الاجتماعية المختلفة تأسيس انواع الصحف او التعاقد معها من اجل احراز تقدم خاص بها

Improving the quality of industrial water specifications is important in the operational units of oil companies, so this research aims to study the specifications and quality of industrial water used in crude oil primary treatment units and the efficiency of the desalination unit. Water samples were collected from the Zab River, a water source for the company, treated water used in oil units, salt removal unit discharge water, tank drainage, industrial wastewater and injection water in the fields. Some heavy elements (Iron, Vanadium, nickel, Chromium and lead) were estimated. By using Atomic Absorption Technology (ASS). The alkaline elements (sodium, calcium and potassium) were determined using the Atomic Emission Technique (AES), where the results were for sodium (1320-2.16) ppm, calcium (17.06-2.15) ppm, and potassium (213.5-2.24) ppm. The results we obtained for Iron were between (10.7-0.17) and for Chromium between (0.32-0.11) with concentrations ppm, and they did not show any concentration of nickel, Vanadium and lead in ppm concentrations. The pH function was between (8 - 6) and electrical conductivity (46400-394) µs. The total hardness (20200-109) ppm and total dissolved solids (24128-146) ppm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Oxidative coupling reactions are among the most important reactions that have wide applications in chemistry, and the oxidative coupling process involves the interaction of two or more organic substances in the presence of an oxidizing agent, where an oxidation process occurs for these substances forming intermediate compounds that interact with each other to form a colored product that can be determined by either spectrophotometric, polarographic, or various chromatographic methods and these reactions were used to quantify many different organic and inorganic compounds. In this article, the spectrophotometric determination of salbutamol was done by an oxidative coupling reaction with the reagent 1-Naphthylamine-4-sulfonic acid in the presence of potassium per sulfate. Objective: In this study, we developed a simple, rapid, sensitive, selective, and accurate UV-visible spectrophotometric method for analyzing salbutamol in pure drugs and pharmaceutical formulations. Materials and Methods: Based on oxidative reaction with 1-Naphthylamine-4-sulfonic acid at pH 11.24, form a yellow-orange colored product in alkaline medium has a maximum absorbance at 470 nm. The Beer's law is followed in the concentration range 5–23 μg/mL. Results: The product was stable for 60 min, molar absorptivity was found to be 0.8054 × 104 L·mol−1·cm−1, and sandal index was 0.0296 μg·cm−2 with a relative error (RE) of 0 to −0.79, and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.54%–1.84%. Detection limit (DL) was 0.227 μg/mL, quantitative limit (QL) was 0.756μg/mL, correlation coefficient was 0.9998, and recovery was 99.51%, respectively. Conclusion: The method was found to be accurate and precise, as indicated by recovery studies which is up to 100% and relative standard deviation is not more than 2 that is good result. The proposed method has been successfully applied in the determination of preparations containing salbutamol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research includes estimation of the Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride drug using manufactured liquid selective membranes electrodes , where the selective electrodes of drug were prepared from the Active ingredient with Sodium tetra phenyl borate and using organic plasticizer (Di-n-butyl phthalate, DBPH) with (poly vinyl chloride, PVC) as a substrate. The results indicated that the tendency of the electrode CIP-STPB is 29.4 mV / decade at a range of the PH (2.5-4.0) and the electrode response was good for the concentrations of the pharmaceutical drug and the concentration was 10-1-10-4 molar, correlation coefficient 0.994, detection limit 2.5 x 10-8 (U+03BC)g.ml-1 and the electrode life time was fourteen days, and the electrode selectivity was measured with mono- and Dual-compounds and ions, and the electrode proved successful by estimating the drug with a regenerative not less than 98%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Odontogenic infections are fairly common in healthcare settings. However, late presentations such as Ludwig's angina, facial cellulitis, necrotizing cervical fasciitis (NCF), among others could lead to mortality. In view of suggestions that the occurrence of severe, near-fatal odontogenic infections is declining, this study set out to determine the incidence of such severe odontogenic infections over the past 5 years at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, a major referral centre in Ghana. Methods: A retrospective review was done, involving all patients with severe odontogenic infection, thereby requiring admission, per stated criteria at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Dental clinic), Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, in the period between July 2012 and July 2017. The cumulative incidence for the respective years were then computed for the years of review. Results: A total of 243 patients were included in the study. This consisted of 121 males and 122 females, with an average age of 42.9 years (SD = 16.6), ranging from 18 months to 91 years. Incidence proportions for the years of the review were 8.2, 8.9, 17.7, 17.9 and 27.7 people per 1000 cases of tooth-related infections for the respective years. With a fatality rate of 5.8%, the incidence of odontogenic infections among patients attending the outpatient Dental clinic of the hospital is 40.3%, while that of dentoalveolar abscess is 6.2%. Ludwig's angina was the commonest (52%) form of presentation of spreading odontogenic infection. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of persisting severe, near-fatal odontogenic infections in Ghana. Not only is there a need to assess the public, professional and institutional strategies to management, but for more evidence-based studies in our local setting to aid in management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]