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Tailoring, fine-tuning, and controlling the luminescent behavior and the associated photo-physical properties of fluorophores have been the subject of contemporary research. Over the years, many strategies have been explored to address concerns such as short electronic absorption/luminescence wavelengths, small Stokes shift, low brightness, inapt permeability, poor stability, and low solubility. Among these, approaches involving binary/multi-component systems comprising different functional materials appear to be promising and everlasting. Working on this theme, we report the results of elaborative studies on the fluorescence (photoluminescence, PL) characteristics of several organic/hybrid composites realized by dispersing organic dyes and quantum dots (QDs) in the host columnar liquid crystal (Col LC) exhibiting excited-state intra-molecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) phenomenon. Precisely, the binary mixtures were realized by doping organic dyes such as methyl red/rubrene and carbon QDs/perovskite (CsPbBr3) QDs in fluorescent (ESIPT) Col LC, namely, phasmidic bis(N-salicylideneaniline) (PBSAN-14). The investigations were carried out in three condensed states, viz., solid, LC, and liquid states, and their solutions. The composites derived from organic dyes and Col LC refrain from light emission, implying that the PL of the host is quenched; the Stern–Volmer profiles revealed the combined dynamic and static quenching mechanism. The Col LC-QD composites exhibit intense emission that covers almost the entire visible wavelength region. The CIE chromaticity diagram shows a wide range of color tuning achieved by varying the nature of additives. Thus, this investigation provides a clear insight into the effect of organic dyes and QDs on the condensed states of fluorophores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An environmentally friendly, versatile multicomponent reaction for synthesizing isoxazol-5-one and pyrazol-3-one derivatives has been developed, utilizing a freshly prepared g-C3N4·OH nanocomposite as a highly efficient catalyst at room temperature in aqueous environment. This innovative approach yielded all the desired products with exceptionally high yields and concise reaction durations. The catalyst was well characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDAX, and TGA/DTA studies. Notably, the catalyst demonstrated outstanding recyclability, maintaining its catalytic efficacy over six consecutive cycles without any loss. The sustainability of this methodology was assessed through various eco-friendly parameters, including E-factor and eco-score, confirming its viability as a green synthetic route in organic chemistry. Additionally, the gram-scale synthesis verifies its potential for industrial applications. The ten synthesized compounds were also analyzed via a PASS online tool to check their several pharmacological activities. The study is complemented by in silico molecular docking, pharmacokinetics, and molecular dynamics simulation studies. These studies discover 5D as a potential candidate for drug development, supported by its favorable drug-like properties, ADMET studies, docking interaction, and stable behavior in the protein binding cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work involves an eco-friendly, green, and cost-efficient synthesis of reduced graphene oxide using green extracts of curry leaves and Tulsi seeds as reducing agents. The synthesized reduced GOs (CL-rGO and TS-rGO) were confirmed by XRD, FESEM, EDS, FT-IR, UV-VIS, and TGA studies. The disappearance of the peak at 9.90° and the appearance of a new peak at 2θ = 24.56° and 2θ = 25.62° and a decrease in interlayer spacing from 0.88 nm to 0.34 nm and 0.36 nm in CL-rGO and TS-rGO respectively confirmed the synthesis of reduced GO. The C/O atomic ratio of CL-rGO and TS-rGO was found 4.35 and 4.19 as compared to synthesized GO (C/O atomic ratio 2.65) which confirmed the synthesis of reduced GO. Further, the catalytic applications of synthesized CL-rGO and TS-rGO were studied for the reduction of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol in an aqueous medium yielding 90-91%. Moreover, the degradation of methylene blue and malachite green dyes was studied and found that both dyes were eliminated within 25 and 30 min in dark conditions using CL-rGO and TS-rGO respectively. Both CL-rGO and TS-rGO showed significant antimicrobial activity against different fungal strains but specifically CL-rGO against M. furfur with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 125 µg/mL. Furthermore, CL-rGO and TS-rGO exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against E. coli with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 62.5 µg/mL and 31.25 µg/mL, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between insulin resistance (IR) and serum anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) in those women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Methodology: This study was a prospective observational study conducted on women attending a gynecology clinic, in whom PCOS was diagnosed by the Rotterdam criteria and those who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, from January 2020 to July 2021. Detailed history, complete physical examination, and signs of hyperandrogenism were noted. A hormone profile and ultrasonography for ovarian morphology were done. Correlation between AMH and IR was done in four phenotypes of PCOS. The results were analyzed with the help of appropriate statistical tests. Results: The mean IR was 2.35 ± 0.87 in phenotype A, 2.20 ± 0.74 in phenotype B, 1.83 ± 0.91 in phenotype C and 1.69 ± 0.75 in phenotype D. The mean values of both AMH and IR showed a decreasing pattern from phenotype A to phenotype D. The results were statistically significant (p-value = 0.004). Conclusion: This study concludes that a positive correlation exists between IR and AMH in different phenotypes of PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coronary artery diseases are condition arises due to the clogging of atherosclerotic plaque coronary artery of heart; results decrease in the blood flow to the heart muscles. Formation of atherosclerotic plaques is the major cause of coronary artery disease (CAD). Among the several cardiovascular diseases, coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most prominent and prevalent. Cardiac biomarkers have become frontline diagnostic tools for myocardial infarction (MI); clinicians can make faster diagnostic decisions and design a more effective treatment plan, which reduces mortality. Detection of cardiac biomarkers plays an increasingly important role in evaluating and diagnosing patients with chest pain. Micro-vascular complications are increasingly linked to chronic hyperglycemia. Meta analysis of ten likewise studies on type-II diabetes have shown a potential association among cardiovascular disease and glycated hemoglobin and that have highly significant association (18%) of cardiovascular diseases risk by every 1% of elevated glycated hemoglobin concentration. Materials and Methods: The total study group consists of 400 subjects, of which 200 premature coronary artery disease patients (cases) & 200 were healthy individuals (controls). Venous blood was used for analysis. Cardiac markers (Tropnin-I & Myoglobin) were done by Immunofluorescence & HbA1c was done by Ion exchange HPLC method Bio-Rad D-10 Analyzer. The data analysis was done by using mean, standard deviation & student t-test. Results: Trop-I (0.58 ± 0.48 vs. 0.02 ± 0.006), Ck-MB (39.1 ± 11.02 vs. 14.79 ± 4.0) & Myoglobin (84.01 ± 8.22 vs. 38.99 ± 7.06) were higher in CAD patients than control subjects. The HbA1c (6.51 ± 0.36 vs. 4.66 ± 0.41) was higher in CAD patients than control subjects. The level of serum cardiac markers & HbA1c were significantly increased in CAD patients as compared to healthy individuals. Conclusion: The present study concluded that increased level of cardiac markers & HbA1c in Premature CAD patients as compared to healthy individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly efficient, green, and multicomponent reaction method has been developed for the diversity‐oriented synthesis of 32 spirooxindole derivatives via the formation of cascade C–N, C–O, and C–S bonds. The synthesis involved starch‐capped zinc oxide nanocomposite as an effective heterogeneous catalyst with the synergistic application of ultrasound and on‐water synthesis. By employing this approach, all desired products were successfully obtained with high yields and comparatively short reaction times. Furthermore, the catalyst employed in the process exhibited excellent recyclability, allowing for its recovery and reuse for up to eight consecutive runs without any loss of catalytic activity. The greenness of the protocol was evaluated by various green metrics such as E‐factor and eco‐score, and the result showed the acceptability of the present method in organic synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterocycles, compounds featuring heteroatoms like nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen, are integral in fields such as synthesis, pharmacology, and medicine. Among these, benzothiazoles, formed by fusing thiazole with benzene, hold significant prominence. Their unique reactivity, especially at the carbon position between nitrogen and sulfur, has sparked wide interest. Notably, 2-substituted benzothiazoles exhibit diverse biological activities, including anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, making them valuable in drug discovery. This review unveils an array of mesmerizing methods employed by chemists to prepare these compounds using 2-aminothiophenol as one of the precursors with other varied reactants. From novel strategies to sophisticated methodologies, each section of this review provides a glimpse into the fascinating world of synthetic chemistry of 2-substituted benzothiazoles. Delving into the diverse synthetic applications of 2-substituted benzothiazoles, this paper not only enriches our understanding of their synthesis but also sparks the imagination with the possibilities for future advancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly efficient eco-benign pathway was developed for the synthesis of a library of 34 bis(indoyl)methane derivatives using triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid as a green catalyst in high to excellent yields (82–98%) at room temperature. The reaction was easy to execute by simply mixing two equivalents of indole with one equivalent of different aldehydes (including aromatic, heterocyclic, and aliphatic) using ionic liquid as a catalyst and water as a solvent under stirring at mild reaction environment. The current methodology has several benefits such as operational simplicity, short time period (25–60 min), cost-efficient, environment-friendly, easily recoverable catalyst, and highly reusable up to five cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorescent liquid crystalline compounds have been the focal point of research due to their rich applications in organic optoelectronics. Fluorescent dyes have also found great applications in the development of random lasers and non-linear optics. Other than that, materials with high fluorescence intensity and quantum yield have been very desirable for various electro-optical applications over the years. We have attempted to engineer a highly fluorescent nematic liquid crystalline compound (4′-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile/5CB) with high quantum yield by doping anthracene dye. We have obtained the desired increase in fluorescence intensity due to anthracene being fluorescent as well and a further significantly high quantum yield for higher concentrations of anthracene in the nematic compound. The reduction in non-emissive radiations and the increase in the concentration of fluorophores in the excited state can be held responsible for this increased quantum yield. Lifetime of the fluorophores has been found to increase with the increase in the dye concentration. The obtained results make the anthracene-doped 5CB compound highly desirable for various device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The applications of liquid crystals in the field of renewable, clean and sustainable technologies of energy storage are of utmost importance at present. This paper delves into dielectric spectroscopic studies of a weakly polar nematic liquid crystal (NLC) enriched with an anthraquinone dye. The primary objective is to assess the impact of increasing dye concentrations on various properties. Anthraquinone dye has been found to increase the dielectric permittivity of weakly polar NLC, leading to a 4.7-fold increase in dielectric anisotropy. Simultaneously, a reduction of around 11% in threshold and operating voltages of the NLC has also been recorded after using dye as the guest material. The added dipolar contributions provided by dye molecules have been attributed to this surplus permittivity. The NLC has been found to have an approximately 54% faster response to the applied field. The intrinsic polarization field of dye molecules accelerates nearby LC molecule reorientation, leading to a 56.5% faster fall time and a 29.8% faster rise time in a 3.0 wt% dye-doped LC cell. These experimental results have been validated via computational studies as well. The simulation results about dipole moment and polarizability provide robust support for our experimental results. Such composites evince their potential for energy storage and 5G communication technologies with adjustable impedance and permittivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objective: The maintenance of an appropriate weight before and during pregnancy has a significant effect on pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the relationship between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) in the Indian antenatal population. This was a prospective study. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted on a total of 301 pregnant women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria booked from the first trimester till delivery in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SGRRIM & HS, from January 2020 to June 2021. The weight and height of the participants were recorded at their first visit to the antenatal clinic using standard protocol. BMI was recorded and GWG was calculated at each antenatal clinic visit. BMI and GWG were correlated with antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum complications with the application of appropriate statistical tests. Results: In our study, higher pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG significantly increased the risk of perinatal adverse outcomes. Increased rates of cesarean section (57.1%), operative vaginal delivery (9.5%), gestational diabetes mellitus (9.5%), and preeclampsia (28.6%) were observed in obese women as compared to women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain. These were found to be statistically significant (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Appropriate nutrition prior to and throughout the pregnancy plays an important role in determining the health of both mother and fetus. There is a positive correlation between early pregnancy BMI and GWG, and the course of pregnancy, and its outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile approach for the synthesis of bioactive acridinedione analogs using dimedone, aryl aldehydes, and ammonium acetate was developed using caffeine hydrogen sulfate catalyst in ethanol and water (2:1) solvent mixture at room temperature. The significant advantages of this procedure are efficient and simple method, ambient conditions, short reaction time (5–30 min), simple workup, easily recoverable catalyst, broad substrate scope and good yields (45–80%). Being water soluble, the catalyst was easily recovered by water and reused up to 4 runs. Moreover, the antimicrobial profile of synthesized derivatives was performed against different bacterial and fungal strains using broth microdilution method. Most of the synthesized derivatives exhibited significant activity against bacterial and fungal strains compared to standard. Compounds 4e (31.25 µg/mL and 31.25 µg/mL) and 4g (31.25 µg/mL and 62.5 µg/mL) were found the most active against E. coli. and S. aureus respectively with good MIC values. Compound 4f and 4j displayed the highest antifungal activity against A. niger with31.25 µg/mL MIC value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyanuric chloride, a chlorinated analog of 1,3,5‐triazine, is used as a catalyst, promoter, and activator to catalyze and initiate several reactions like Beckmann rearrangement, Lossen rearrangement, Biginelli reaction, Suzuki coupling reaction, Pictet Spengler reaction, Mannich reaction, etc. It is employed in several reactions due to its several properties like stable, non‐volatile, cost‐efficient, easy to handle, and easy commercial availability. Moreover, it is a very renowned precursor for the synthesis of triazine‐class pesticide atrazine, dyes, and crosslinking agents. Herein in this review article, the reactions initiated, catalyzed, and promoted by cyanuric chloride from 2010 to 2022 have been elaborated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bis(pyrazolyl)methanes are basically the dimer of pyrazoles, attached with various linkers such as aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic moieties. This scaffold has been studied for its biological activity, corrosion inhibitory activity, and as a ligand in organometallics, and appeared as a valuable and unique moiety. These enormous properties have captivated the scientific community toward the advancement of potential pathways for its synthesis. The present review inclusively summarizes the advancements in the synthesis of bis(pyrazolyl)methane analogs during the recent five years (2018–2022) and their applications in different areas of life. The synthesis of bis(pyrazolyl)methanes has been divided on the basis of different types of catalysts viz nanocomposites, ionic liquids, metals, simple organic compounds, nature-occurring materials, and catalyst-free methods. More importantly, particular attention has been paid to the merits and demerits of reported methods with the comparative procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Eclampsia is a serious medical condition that affects women during pregnancy. Symptoms of eclampsia appear in pregnancy as a condition known as pre-eclampsia, (condition follows a high blood pressure), the condition can go undetected until it develops into eclampsia. This can create additional complications during pregnancy. Each case of eclampsia is unique, and the pregnant woman may share few or no characteristics with other women who develop the condition. Pregnancy histories, Patient age, Family history, Obesity, High blood pressure is major high-risk factors for preeclampsia and eclampsia will vary from patient to patient. Materials and methods: The present study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Rama Medical College and Research centre over a period of 1 year. Total 70 patients of pregnancy were selected out of which 30 patients were of normal pregnancy and 40 patients were of pregnancy induced hypertension. Serum uric acid levels were estimated before delivery and after delivery in cases of pregnancy. Pregnant women with recurrent abortions, bad obstetric history, twins, preexisting medical disorders - such as diabetes mellitus, essential hypertension, renal disorders, cardiovascular, thyroid disorders, and liver disease - were excluded from the study. Result: The result showed significantly high blood pressure (SBP-165.81±20.9 VS 125.69±7.24, DBP 109.74±10.41 VS 80.8±5.15) and Blood urea (31.48±2.33mg/dl VS 6.28+/-1.9mg/dl), serum creatinine (0.67±0.52mg/dl VS 0.67±0.03mg/dl), serum uric acid level (6.28±1.9 mg/dl VS 9.48±2.33mg/dl) in pregnancy induced hypertensive women compares to normal pregnant women. In the present study, in PIH, there is elevation of serum uric acid and serum creatinine elevated values are statistically significant. Conclusion: This study concluded that PIH showed significant elevation in the urea, uric acid, and Creatinine levels compared to normal pregnant women, although all parameters' values for both groups were in the reference values for non-pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]