83 results on '"Adams, B. J."'
Search Results
2. State of art design of novel adder modules for future computing.
- Author
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MOHAMMADZADEH, ALI and ADAMS, B. J.
- Subjects
ELECTRIC power consumption ,MICROPROCESSORS ,BOOLEAN functions ,MULTIPLEXING - Abstract
This paper presents power analysis of the seven full adder cells reported as having a low PDP (Power Delay Product), by means of speed, power consumption and area. These full adders were designed upon various logic styles to derive the sum and carry outputs. All these full adders designed using TDK 90 nm Technology and simulated using mentor graphics EDA tool with BSIMv3 (model 49). And the layouts of all these full adders designed in Icstation of Mentor Graphics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Identification of Pratylenchus thornei, the cereal and legume root-lesion nematode, based on SCAR-PCR and satellite DNA
- Author
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Carrasco-Ballesteros, S., Castillo, P., Adams, B. J., and Pérez-Artés, E.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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4. The southernmost worm, Scottnema lindsayae (Nematoda): diversity, dispersal and ecological stability
- Author
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Adams, B. J., Wall, D. H., Gozel, U., Dillman, A. R., Chaston, J. M., and Hogg, I. D.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. A global database of soil nematode abundance and functional group composition [Data paper]
- Author
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van den Hoogen, J., Geisen, S., Wall, D. H., Wardle, D. A., Traunspurger, W., de Goede, R. G. M., Adams, B. J., Ahmad, W., Ferris, H., Bardgett, R. D., Bonkowski, M., Campos-Herrera, R., Cares, J. E., Caruso, T., Caixeta, L. D., Chen, X. Y., Costa, S. R., Creamer, R., Castro, Jmde, Dam, M., Djigal, D., Escuer, M., Griffiths, B. S., Gutierrez, C., Hohberg, K., Kalinkina, D., Kardol, P., Kergunteuil, A., Korthals, G., Krashevska, V., Kudrin, A. A., Li, Qi, Liang, W. J., Magilton, M., Marais, M., Martin, J. A. R., Matveeva, E., Mayad, E., Mzough, E., Mulder, C., Mullin, P., Neilson, R., Nguyen, T. A. D., Nielsen, U. N., Okada, H., Rius, J. E. P., Pan, K. W., Peneva, V., Pellissier, L., da Silva, J. C. P., Pitteloud, C., Powers, T. O., Powers, K., Quist, C. W., Rasmann, S., Moreno, S. S., Scheu, S., Setala, H., Sushchuk, A., Tiunov, A. V., Trap, Jean, Vestergard, M., Villenave, C., Waeyenberge, L., Wilschut, R. A., Wright, D. G., Keith, A. M., Yang, J. I., Schmidt, O., Bouharroud, R., Ferji, Z., van der Putten, W. H., Routh, D., and Crowther, T. W.
- Abstract
Measurement(s)Abundance center dot Nematoda center dot environmental factorTechnology Type(s)Elutriative Centrifugation center dot computational modeling techniqueFactor Type(s)geographic locationSample Characteristic - OrganismNematodaSample Characteristic - Environmentsoil environment center dot climateSample Characteristic - LocationEarth (planet) Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11925843 As the most abundant animals on earth, nematodes are a dominant component of the soil community. They play critical roles in regulating biogeochemical cycles and vegetation dynamics within and across landscapes and are an indicator of soil biological activity. Here, we present a comprehensive global dataset of soil nematode abundance and functional group composition. This dataset includes 6,825 georeferenced soil samples from all continents and biomes. For geospatial mapping purposes these samples are aggregated into 1,933 unique 1-km pixels, each of which is linked to 73 global environmental covariate data layers. Altogether, this dataset can help to gain insight into the spatial distribution patterns of soil nematode abundance and community composition, and the environmental drivers shaping these patterns.
- Published
- 2020
6. Mitochondrial DNA and RAPD polymorphisms in the haploid mite Brevipalpus phoenicis (Acari: Tenuipalpidae)
- Author
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Rodrigues, J. C. V., Gallo-meagher, M., Ochoa, R., Childers, C. C., and Adams, B. J.
- Published
- 2004
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7. Probabilistic assessment of urban runoff erosion potential
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Harris, J A and Adams, B J
- Published
- 2006
8. Network Approach to Optimal Wastewater Treatment System Design
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Adams, B. J. and Panagiotakopoulos, D.
- Published
- 1977
9. Performance of Regionally Related Wastewater Treatment Plants
- Author
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Adams, B. J. and Gemmell, R. S.
- Published
- 1973
10. Mobile Mapping technology and integration with Remote Sensing imagery for post-disaster damage evaluation
- Author
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Gusella L., Adams B. J., BITELLI, GABRIELE, Gusella L., Adams B. J., and Bitelli G.
- Abstract
In the aftermath of natural disasters such as earthquakes and hurricanes, the collection, evaluation, and dissemination of damage data is critical for a timely and accurate response. Information concerning the spatial extent and severity of urban damage is demanded by emergency response personnel, and also by reconnaissance teams conducting post-disaster impact assessments. Data requirements have traditionally been met through ground-based damage surveys during the days and weeks following the event. However, the integration of remote sensing data and geo-referenced damage information collected in the field can effectively streamline, accelerate, and increase the volume and diversity of data captured during post-disaster reconnaissance. Specifically, the integration of these two damage detection technologies offers advantages including: the fusion of multiple perspectives on a given structure from the ground and air, yielding a more complete and highly detailed picture of damage sustained; capturing a permanent visual record of the post-disaster situation for decision support in the immediate aftermath of the event, and for subsequent recall as ground truth for ongoing research activities. In terms of specific applications, geo-referenced ground damage information has recently been used to develop remote sensing-based damage scales, and to calibrate and validate the information obtained using semi-automated remote sensing-based damage detection algorithms that are applied across a wide geographic area to provide a ‘quick-look’ initial estimate of damage and potential loss. This paper describes mobile reconnaissance and mapping applications recently developed to support urban damage scale development, and to validate damage detection activities following major disasters including the 1999 Marmara earthquake, 2003 Bam earthquake, and 2004 Hurricane Katrina.
- Published
- 2008
11. Soil Moisture Controls the Thermal Habitat of Active Layer Soils in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica.
- Author
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Wlostowski, A. N., Gooseff, M. N., and Adams, B. J.
- Abstract
Abstract: Antarctic soil ecosystems are strongly controlled by abiotic habitat variables. Regional climate change in the McMurdo Dry Valleys is expected to cause warming over the next century, leading to an increase in frequency of freeze‐thaw cycling in the soil habitat. Previous studies show that physiological stress associated with freeze‐thaw cycling adversely affects invertebrate populations by decreasing abundance and positively selecting for larger body sizes. However, it remains unclear whether or not climate warming will indeed enhance the frequency of annual freeze‐thaw cycling and associated physiological stresses. This research quantifies the frequency, rate, and spatial heterogeneity of active layer freezing to better understand how regional climate change may affect active layer soil thermodynamics, and, in turn, affect soil macroinvertebrate communities. Shallow active layer temperature, specific conductance, and soil moisture were observed along natural wetness gradients. Field observations show that the frequency and rate of freeze events are nonlinearly related to freezable soil moisture (θ
f ). Over a 2 year period, soils at θf < 0.080 m3 /m3 experienced between 15 and 35 freeze events and froze rapidly compared to soils with θf > 0.080 m3 /m3 , which experienced between 2 and 6 freeze events and froze more gradually. A numerical soil thermodynamic model is able to simulate observed freezing rates across a range of θf , reinforcing a well‐known causal relationship between soil moisture and active layer freezing dynamics. Findings show that slight increases in soil moisture can potentially offset the effect of climate warming on exacerbating soil freeze‐thaw cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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12. Disaster mitigation by remote sensing technology: change detection and geo-database link
- Author
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BITELLI, GABRIELE, Gusella L., Adams B. J., M. A. GOMARASCA, Bitelli G., Gusella L., and Adams B.J.
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CHANGE DETECTION ,DATABASE ,EARTHQUAKES ,REMOTE SENSING ,DISASTER - Abstract
The documentation of the effects of natural and man made disaster is one of the most important applications for remote sensing. High performing satellite platforms, having acquisition capabilities in near real time, just few days after an event, are proposing new scenarios also for the use of image information in an early response phase. The aim of the work presented is to analyze some existing procedures of image analysis, particularly evaluating steps involved in information production, from a geographic database, passing trough proper image integration. Some case studies have been analyzed, concerning major earthquakes in last decade, where remote sensing technology played an important role. The approach proposed is useful both for information collection, for immediate on the field data gathering, and for the evaluation of occurred damage. The example presented, related to the Boumerdes earthquake, is the creation of an image-based building inventory database, evaluating object oriented image processing capabilities and simulating also a geo-database connection. A great importance will be given to the applicative part, evaluating the time consumed for the application.
- Published
- 2008
13. Use of mobile mapping technology for post-disaster damage information collection and integration with remote sensing imagery
- Author
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GUSELLA, LUCA, BITELLI, GABRIELE, ADAMS B. J., A. VETTORE & N. EL-SHEIMY, GUSELLA L., ADAMS B.J., and BITELLI G.
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Data_FILES ,MOBILE MAPPING ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,REMOTE SENSING - Abstract
After a severe disaster, information concerning the spatial extent and severity of urban damage is demanded by emergency response personnel, and also by reconnaissance teams conducting post-disaster impact assessments. Data requirements have traditionally been met through ground-based damage surveys during the days and weeks following the event. However, the integration of remote sensing data and geo-referenced damage information collected in the field can effectively streamline, accelerate, and increase the volume and diversity of data captured during post-disaster reconnaissance. The paper describes mobile reconnaissance and mapping applications recently developed to support urban damage scale development, and to validate damage detection activities following major disasters like earthquakes and hurricanes.
- Published
- 2007
14. Use of edge detection filter for monitoring urban change
- Author
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GUSELLA, LUCA, BITELLI, GABRIELE, MOGNOL, ALESSANDRO, Adams B. J., Huyck C. K., Gusella L., Adams B.J., Bitelli G., Huyck C.K., and Mognol A.
- Subjects
CHANGE DETECTION ,HIGH RESOLUTION ,ACCURACY ,EARTHQUAKES ,REMOTE SENSING - Abstract
Observations concerning the level and distribution of building damage after a destructive earthquake are of primary importance in the immediate aftermath for planning response efforts, and later on for better understanding the effect of shaking on buildings. After recent earthquakes (the 2003 Boumerdes and Bam events) and the 2004 Indian ocean tsunami, very high-resolution (VHR) satellite imagery (QuickBird and Ikonos II) proved to be a valuable source of spatial information. For damage detection, textural change indexes have proved to be a useful means of describing and detecting changes between a temporal sequence of ‘before’ and ‘after’ images (Adams, 2003). However, for conventional spectrally-based approaches (e.g. band difference/ratio, principal component analysis) there are several factors that can hinder the direct extraction of useful information from an image, such as illumination differences and variable geometry angles (elevation and azimuth of sun and satellite). This paper explores an object-oriented approach to the detection of buildings damage caused by the Bam earthquake, which minimizes these sources of error. It also introduces a novel “edge detection” approach to characterizing visible changes accompanying building collapse.
- Published
- 2005
15. Performance analysis of the Maclean Avenue detention tank, City of Toronto
- Author
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Xu, L. and Adams, B. J.
- Subjects
Data analysis ,modeling ,runoff quantity and quality control ,stormwater detention tanks - Abstract
Performance Analysis of the Maclean Avenue Detention Tank City of Toronto Lijing Xu1 and Barry J. Adams2* 1 XCG Consultants, 2620 Bristol Circle, #300, Oakville, Ontario, Canada, L6H6Z7 2Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,M5S1A4 e-mail: adams@ecf.utoront.ca ABSTRACT The Maclean Avenue detention tank was constructed by the City of Toronto to decrease the frequency of beach closing caused by directly discharged stormwater and CSOs in the Eastern Beaches area of the City. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of the detention tank for wet weather flow pollution control through a 5-year field monitoring program and to improve the engineering understanding of such stormwater control facilities. Tank performance measures on runoff quantity control are obtained from the analysis of 220 runoff events recorded in those five years, and the tank performance for pollution control is subsequently calculated from the quantity control analysis results and influent and effluent EMCs. According to the specific operational features of the Maclean tank and the principles of analytical probabilistic models, models are derived for both runoff quantity control and quality control analysis of the tank. Field monitoring data are used to calibrate and validate the derived models. A comparison among the observed results, predicted results from QQS continuous simulations and the derived analytical probabilistic models is made and conclusions are drawn on the current performance of the tank and on the utility of monitoring and modeling results.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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16. Analysis of urban runoff control with infiltration facilities
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Papa, F. and Adams, B. J.
- Subjects
infiltration facilities ,urban drainage ,stormwater quality ,Probabilistic models - Abstract
This paper presents two methodologies for estimating the impact of infiltration facilities on reducing stormwater runoff volumes, and pollutant loads, from urban drainage systems. The methodologies have previously been developed using derived probability distribution theory, often referred to in the literature as analytical probabilistic modelling, and differ in that they employ different hydrologic models for the transformation of rainfall to runoff. Moreover, the original model derivations employed herein were developed for the analysis of stormwater detention facilities (dry ponds), and are adapted herein for the analysis of infiltration facilities. The summary of model expressions presented in this paper permits the reader to perform the necessary calculations to design and analyze the performance of stormwater infiltration facilities with the use of a calculator or computer-based spreadsheet application. Results are generated using the models, and various sensitivity analyses presented, illustrating the power of the models. The models are then used as a basis for comparison with guidelines on the design of such facilities in the province of Ontario, Canada. The results of this comparison suggest that the current guidelines may yield infiltration facilities insufficient in size to meet the performance levels intended to be satisfied by such facilities.
- Published
- 2005
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- View/download PDF
17. Measuring, Monitoring, and Evaluating Post-Disaster Recovery: A Key Element in Understanding Community Resilience.
- Author
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Bevington, J. S., Hill, A. A., Davidson, R. A., Chang, S. E., Vicini, A., Adams, B. J., and Eguchi, R. T.
- Published
- 2011
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- View/download PDF
18. CROSS CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF RESIDENTIAL DEMAND IN THE CITY OF MILFORD, OHIO.
- Author
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Filion, Y. R., Karney, B. W., Moughton, L., Buchberger, S. G., and Adams, B. J.
- Published
- 2008
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19. Remote sensing for building inventory updates in disaster management.
- Author
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Sarabandi, P., Chung, H.-C., and Adams, B. J.
- Published
- 2006
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20. Probabilistic Approach to the Estimation of Urban Stormwater Pollution Loads on Receiving Waters.
- Author
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Kuzin, S. A. and Adams, B. J.
- Published
- 2005
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21. Stochasticity of Demand and Probabilistic Performance of Water Networks.
- Author
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Filion, Y. R., Karney, B. W., and Adams, B. J.
- Published
- 2005
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22. Using Optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar Remote Sensing Technology to Detect Earthquake Damage Following the 1999 Marmara, Turkey Earthquake.
- Author
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Adams, B. J., Eguchi, R. T., Huyck, C. K., and Shinozuka, M.
- Published
- 2004
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23. Project rescue: challenges in responding to the unexpected.
- Author
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Mehrotra, Sharad, Butts, C. T., Kalashnikov, D., Venkatasubramanian, Nalini, Rao, Ramesh R., Chockalingam, G., Eguchi, R., Adams, B. J., and Huyck, C.
- Published
- 2003
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24. Probabilistic Approach to Estimation of Urban Storm-Water TMDLs: Regulated Catchment.
- Author
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Kuzin, S. A. and Adams, B. J.
- Subjects
- *
URBAN runoff management , *MONTE Carlo method , *BEST management practices (Pollution prevention) , *ESTIMATION theory , *WATER temperature - Abstract
The present work is concerned with the development of a set of tools for the incorporation of various control measures—best management practices into an analytical probabilistic modeling approach for urban storm-water total maximum daily load (TMDL) estimation. Control measures are divided into two major groups—upstream and downstream, each requiring application of separate modeling principles elaborated in this paper. Applying Monte Carlo simulation to the developed set of expressions allows modeling the “end-of-pipe” parameters of urban storm-water discharges (runoff volume, discharge rate, and pollutant load) on an event average basis, as well as the stream parameters downstream of a storm-water discharge outlet. Model application is illustrated for a catchment regulated with an extended detention dry pond. Representative model results are presented, and a range of potential model applications is discussed. The capability to model the behavior of an urban storm-water system with the application of various control measures is the key precondition for the design of an optimal configuration of a water-protective strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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25. Probabilistic Approach to Estimation of Urban Storm-Water Total Maximum Daily Loads: Unregulated Catchment.
- Author
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Kuzin, S. A. and Adams, B. J.
- Subjects
- *
URBAN runoff management , *WATER pollution , *POLLUTANTS , *ESTIMATION theory , *SIMULATION methods & models , *WATER resources development - Abstract
This work examines the basic processes and functions behind urban storm-water pollution delivery into surface waters and develops a set of tools that allow the estimation of pollutant load dynamics on receiving waters. In particular, the group of expressions developed in this paper allows the calculation of runoff parameters (volume, discharge rate and pollutant load) on an event average basis for an unregulated catchment. Using Monte Carlo simulation techniques, the runoff pollutant concentration probability distribution (as event averages) are obtained. Merging these runoff statistics with the stream parameters allows the receiving water pollutant concentration characteristics to be obtained as well as the probability of exceeding threshold pollutant concentrations in the mixing zone of a stream. The simulation can be performed with allowance for different levels of complexity with respect to catchment hydrologic representation and pollutant load functions. As a result, the magnitude of influence of urban runoff on a surface water body can be determined, pollutants of concern can be identified, and certain remedial measures recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Stochastic Design of Water Distribution Systems with Expected Annual Damages.
- Author
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Filion, Y. R., Adams, B. J., and Karney, B. W.
- Subjects
- *
STOCHASTIC processes , *WATER supply , *HYDRAULICS , *DESIGN , *ESTIMATION theory , *MONTE Carlo method - Abstract
This paper presents a stochastic design approach that quantifies the expected annual damages sustained by residential, commercial, and industrial users during low- and high-pressure hydraulic failures in a water network. The approach, which couples stochastic models of water demand, fire flow, and pipe breaks with Monte Carlo simulation, was used to solve part of the Anytown design problem. Results indicated that a significant proportion of low-pressure failures occurred during low-demand months in the last 10 years of the planning period. The timing and spatial distribution of demands observed during failure differed significantly from the demands assumed in conventional design (maximum hour and maximum day demand+fire). The results also indicated that including damages in design makes it possible to produce cost effective systems that yield a low level of expected annual damages. This gives force to framing the network design problem as a stochastic, multiobjective one to balance cost efficiency with system capacity/redundancy and provide a hedge against hard-to-anticipate temporal and spatial patterns of demand in networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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27. Co-variation in soil biodiversity and biogeochemistry in northern and southern Victoria Land, Antarctica.
- Author
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Barrett, J. E., Virginia, R. A., Wall, D. H., Cary, S. C., Adams, B. J., Hacker, A. L., and Aislabie, J. M.
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SOIL biodiversity ,BIOGEOCHEMISTRY ,HABITATS ,COLLOIDS ,BIOTIC communities ,ORGANIC compounds ,ELECTROPHORESIS ,DNA - Abstract
Data from six sites in Victoria Land (72–77°S) investigating co-variation in soil communities (microbial and invertebrate) with biogeochemical properties showthe influence of soil properties on habitat suitability varied among local landscapes as well as across climate gradients. Species richness of metazoan invertebrates (Nemaloda, Tardigrada and Rotifera) was similar to previous descriptions in this region, though identification of three cryptic nematode species of Eudorylaimus through DNA analysis contributed to the understanding of controls over habitat preferences for individual species. Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis profiles revealed unexpectedly high diversity of bacteria. Distribution of distinct bacterial communities was associated with specific sites in northern and southern Victoria Land, as was the distribution of nematode and tardigrade species. Variation in soil metazoan communities was related to differences in soil organic matter, while bacterial diversity and community structure were not strongly correlated with any single soil property. There were no apparent correlations between metazoan and bacterial diversity, suggesting that controls over distribution and habitat suitability are different for bacterial and metazoan communities. Our results imply that top-down controls over bacterial diversity mediated by their metazoan consumers are not significant determinants of bacterial community structure and biomass in these ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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28. EVOLUTION OF PLANT PARASITISM AMONG NEMATODES.
- Author
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Baldwin, J. G., Nadler, S. A., and Adams, B. J.
- Subjects
PARASITISM ,PLANTS ,RNA ,TYLENCHIDA ,MOLECULAR biology - Abstract
Despite extraordinary diversity of free-living species, a comparatively small fraction of nematodes are parasites of plants. These parasites represent at least three disparate clades in the nematode tree of life, as inferred from rRNA sequences. Plant parasites share functional similarities regarding feeding, but many similarities in feeding structures result from convergent evolution and have fundamentally different developmental origins. Although Tylenchida rRNA phylogenies are not fully resolved, they strongly support convergent evolution of sedentary endoparasitism and plant nurse cells in cyst and root-knot nematodes. This result has critical implications for using model systems and genomics to identify and characterize parasitism genes for representatives of this clade. Phylogenetic studies reveal that plant parasites have rich and complex evolutionary histories that involve multiple transitions to plant parasitism and the possible use of genes obtained by horizontal transfer from prokaryotes. Developing a fuller understanding of plant parasitism will require integrating more comprehensive and resolved phylogenies with appropriate choices of model organisms and comparative evolutionary methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
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29. Optimization of urban runoff quantity/quality management.
- Author
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Li, James and Adams, B. J.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
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30. Characterisation of natural organic matter (NOM) removed by magnetic ion exchange resin (MIEX Resin).
- Author
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Mergen, M. R. D., Adams, B. J., Vero, G. M., Price, A., Parsons, S. A., Jefferson, B., and Jarvis, P.
- Subjects
WATER purification ,WATER quality management ,WATER pollution ,ION exchange resins ,MAGNETIC ions ,MOLECULAR weights - Abstract
The aim of the research presented in this paper was to gain greater insight into the characteristics of NOM removed by MIEX® Resin. Previous studies have shown that MIEX® Resin increases the level of removable DOC when used in combination with coagulation, suggesting that these two processes target a different type of organics. Initially the characteristics of DOG in regenerant solutions from four different MIEX® Resin treatment plants were analysed and compared to DOG in the respective raw water. Following this the raw water and the regenerant solutions were coagulated and the characteristics of the residual DOC analysed and compared to the regenerant solutions prior to coagulation. From the regenerant solutions it was seen that MIEX® Resin targets DOG of increased UV
254 absorbance, increased charge density and of mid to low molecular weight (5 to 2 kDa). In terms of hydrophobicity no preference of MIEX® Resin for a specific NJOM type was seen. The presence of hydrophilic neutral acids in the regenerant solution was unexpected since the removal of only highly charged organic species was expected. Gharge density measurements however revealed the presence of functional groups, allowing hydrophilic neutrals to be removed by anion exchange. Gomparative coagulation of the raw water and regenerant solution showed that both a residual DOG of similar hydrophobicity in the sub 3 kDa area. Gonsidering that this DOG fraction was present in the regenerant it was concluded that MIEX® Resin removes organics recalcitrant to coagulation from raw water and therefore increases DOG removal when both methods are combined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2009
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31. ON THE CENTRALIZATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES.
- Author
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Adams, B. J., Dajani, J. S., and Gemmell, R. S.
- Abstract
BSTRACT. Two factors affecting the centralization of wastewater treatment facilities were investigated; the cost of collection and treatment systems and the performance of treatment plants. Based on computer-generated minimum cost designs, wastewater collection networks were found to be characterized by diseconomies of scale of magnitude similar to the reported economies of scale for wastewater treatment works. The combined costs of collection and treatment are U-shaped functions from which the least cost size of collection and treatment systems were found for particular values of population density. Examination of the day-to-day performance of five metropoitan-area waste-water treatment plants revealed that, for time series shorter than one month, the day-to-day variation in effluent quality was random, although the variation in quantity discharged was distinctly non-random. The performances of all five plants on any given day showed little correlation. This suggests that the decentralization of treatment facilities can produce benefits both through the reduction in quantities of waste discharged at a given point and through in-stream averaging of the varying performances of several treatment plants. Since the cost function of collection and treatment combined is generally flat in the region of the minimum-cost size, little penalty is invoked to gain the potential benefits of treatment plant decentralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
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32. LETTERS.
- Author
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Stevens, Rebecca A. T., Adams, B. J., Mahley, Juliana, Cook, Camille J., and Bulbach, Stanley
- Abstract
Several letters to the editor are presented in response to the article "High Fiber: Strong Work, Poor Analysis," by Janet Koplos in the September/October 2005 issue.
- Published
- 2005
33. Good Neighbors.
- Author
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Adams, B. J.
- Subjects
CORPORATE giving ,BANKING industry - Abstract
This section offers news briefs on the charitable activities of banks. DanversBank grants $10,000 in scholarships to high school graduates. The Provident Bank extends $20,000 in grants to the Newburyport Education Foundation. A total of $25,000 scholarship grants are awarded by Rockland Trust Co. to Massachusetts graduates.
- Published
- 2007
34. The Soil Geochemistry in the Beardmore Glacier Region, Antarctica: Implications for Terrestrial Ecosystem History.
- Author
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Lyons, W. B., Deuerling, K., Welch, K. A., Welch, S. A., Michalski, G., Walters, W. W., Nielsen, U., Wall, D. H., Hogg, I., and Adams, B. J.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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35. LETTERS.
- Author
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Johnston, Maggie, Rothstein, Scott, Sauer, Jane, Bulitt, Patricia, Adams, B. J., Robbins, Chris, and Isgett, Kevin
- Abstract
Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including the fresh layout of the November/December 2004, a response to Isabella Whitworth's letter in September/October 2004 issue, and on the issue written by Rhonda Sonnenberg in November/December 2004.
- Published
- 2005
36. Application of derived probability and dynamic programming techniques to planning regional stormwater management systems
- Author
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Papa, F. and Adams, B. J.
- Subjects
- *
METHODOLOGY , *URBAN hydrology - Abstract
There exists a need on the part of land developers or municipalitiesresponsible for stormwater servicing master planning to reduce the costs associated with the initial construction of stormwater facilities as well as with their operation and maintenance. Common integral components of stormwater control systems include stormwater management ponds for water quality control. These ponds may occupy valuable urban land and, hence, it is desirable to minimize the land coverage of these facilities while simultaneously satisfying water quality controlobjectives. The employment of optimization techniques in the planning and design process can thus play an important role by reducing the costs associated with the implementation of such facilities. This paper presents an optimization methodology for single catchments using asingle stormwater quality control pond. This methodology is then further developed for a multiple parallel catchment (each with a single pond upstream of its outlet) optimization procedure employing principles of dynamic programming. The principal constraint of the problem formulation is to meet a specified pollution control level at the outfall to a receiving water body. The optimization technique employs analytical probabilistic models for stormwater management planning and analysis which are in a mathematically closed form and thus easily integrated into an optimization framework, The costs explicitly considered are land-associated costs and construction costs. Operation and maintenance costs can be incorporated into the framework if desired. (c) 1997 IAWQ. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
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37. Network approach to optimal wastewater treatment system design
- Author
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Panagiotakopoulos, D. and Adams, B. J.
- Subjects
SEWAGE - Published
- 1977
38. Role of Liver in Detoxication of Thiopental (Pentothal) and Two Other Thiobarbiturates..
- Author
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Shideman, F. E., Kelly, A. R., and Adams, B. J.
- Published
- 1949
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Letters.
- Author
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Adams, B. J., Reeves, Heather, Dickinson, Frances, Shamp, Judith R., and Goodman, Diane Grace
- Abstract
Several letters to the editor are presented in response to the articles in previous issues including, an article about fiber art technique, an illustration of soft sculptures of Lisa Lichtenfels and artist Diane Grace Goodman.
- Published
- 2001
40. Letters.
- Author
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Cindy, Empress, Adams, B. J., De Boer, Janet, Verstegen, Clare, Berube, Louise Lemieux, and Sherrer, Renee
- Abstract
Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including "50 College St.," in the Summer 1999 issue, the Swatches section in the September/October 1999 issue, and a letter congratulating "FIBERARTS" magazine for the FIBERART DESIGN BOOK SIX.
- Published
- 1999
41. INFORMED SOURCE.
- Author
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Adams, B. J.
- Subjects
STABILIZING agents ,STITCHES (Sewing) ,MACHINE embroidery ,FASHION design ,DRAWING ,DRESSMAKING ,CLOTHING & dress ,SEWING machines - Abstract
The article presents the author's information on an organza-like stabilizer which allows stitching in a heavy machine without tearing. He discovered the stabilizer in England while taking a workshop, and informed that he has been using it for several years to create design or images on the sewing machine. With the stabilizer, he said that he can trace his drawing on paper before making a layer for thread colors in the sewing machine. Meanwhile, it informs that the stabilizer has a brand name of Solvron.
- Published
- 1999
42. Parasitism of molluscs by nematodes: types of associations and evolutionary trends.
- Author
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Grewal PS, Grewal SK, Tan L, and Adams BJ
- Abstract
Although there are no confirmed fossil records of mollusc parasitic nematodes, diverse associations of more than 108 described nematode species with slugs and snails provide a fertile ground for speculation of how mollusc parasitism evolved in nematodes. Current phylogenic resolution suggests that molluscs have been independently acquired as hosts on a number of occasions. However, molluscs are significant as hosts for only two major groups of nematodes: as intermediate hosts for metastrongyloids and as definitive hosts for a number of rhabditids. Of the 61 species of nematodes known to use molluscs as intermediate hosts, 49 belong to Metastrongyloidea (Order Strongylida); of the 47 species of nematodes that use molluscs as definitive hosts, 33 belong to the Order Rhabditida. Recent phylogenetic hypotheses have been unable to resolve whether metastrongyloids are sister taxa to those rhabditids that use molluscs as definitive hosts. Although most rhabditid nematodes have been reported not to kill their mollusc hosts prior to their reproduction, some species are pathogenic. In fact, infective juveniles of Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita vector a lethal bacterium into the slug host in which they reproduce. This life cycle is remarkably similar to the entomopathogenic nematodes in the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae. Also, the discoveries of Alloionema and Pellioditis in slugs are interesting, as these species have been speculated to represent the ancestral forms of the entomopathogenic nematodes. Development of the infective stage appears to be an important step toward the acquisition of molluscs as definitive hosts, and the association with specific bacteria may have arisen in conjunction with the evolution of necromeny.
- Published
- 2003
43. The species delimitation uncertainty principle.
- Author
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Adams BJ
- Abstract
If, as Einstein said, "it is the theory which decides what we can observe," then "the species problem" could be solved by simply improving our theoretical definition of what a species is. However, because delimiting species entails predicting the historical fate of evolutionary lineages, species appear to behave according to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, which states that the most philosophically satisfying definitions of species are the least operational, and as species concepts are modified to become more operational they tend to lose their philosophical integrity. Can species be delimited operationally without losing their philosophical rigor? To mitigate the contingent properties of species that tend to make them difficult for us to delimit, I advocate a set of operations that takes into account the prospective nature of delimiting species. Given the fundamental role of species in studies of evolution and biodiversity, I also suggest that species delimitation proceed within the context of explicit hypothesis testing, like other scientific endeavors. The real challenge is not so much the inherent fallibility of predicting the future but rather adequately sampling and interpreting the evidence available to us in the present.
- Published
- 2001
44. Diagnostic and Phylogenetic Utility of the rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences of Steinernema.
- Author
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Nguyen KB, Maruniak J, and Adams BJ
- Abstract
The ITS regions of 10 species of Steinernema were PCR amplified and directly sequenced. Restriction mapping of these sequences revealed diagnostic variation such that the number of cuts and the length of the resulting fragments can be used to diagnose Steinernema species. Nevertheless, identical fragment sizes produced by non-homologous restriction sites also were identified. Pronounced variation in sequence length and nucleotide composition resulted in optimized alignments containing extensive regions of dubious homology. Significant shifts in nucleotide base composition exist among taxa and appear to mirror evolutionary history. These shifts do not have an observable influence on phylogenetic reconstruction and are probably due to descent as opposed to convergence. Alignment instability and the presence of alignment-ambiguous regions had the greatest effect on phylogeny reconstruction. Our results support the taxonomic utility of the ITS region to diagnose nematode species of the genus Steinernema, and all sampled taxa show evidence (in the form of numerous autapomorphic characters) of lineage independence. However, the ITS region appears to be phylogenetically informative only for closely related sister species. High variability among more distantly related taxa preclude its use for confidently resolving relationships among all members of the genus.
- Published
- 2001
45. Characterization of a beta-1,3-glucanase encoded by chlorella virus PBCV-1.
- Author
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Sun L, Gurnon JR, Adams BJ, Graves MV, and Van Etten JL
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Cell Wall metabolism, Escherichia coli genetics, Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase, Molecular Sequence Data, Phycodnaviridae classification, Phylogeny, Protein Biosynthesis, Substrate Specificity, Transcription, Genetic, Chlorella virology, Phycodnaviridae genetics, beta-Glucosidase genetics
- Abstract
Sequence analysis of the 330-kb chlorella virus PBCV-1 genome revealed an open-reading frame, A94L, that encodes a protein with significant amino acid identity to Glycoside Hydrolase Family 16 beta-1,3-glucanases. The a94l gene was cloned and the protein was expressed as a GST-A94L fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The recombinant A94L protein hydrolyzed the beta-1,3-glucose polymer laminarin and had slightly less hydrolytic activity on beta-1,3-1, 4-glucose polymers, lichenan and barley beta-glucan. The recombinant enzyme had the highest activity at 65 degrees C and pH 8. We predicted that the a94l-encoded beta-1,3-glucanase is involved in degrading the host cell wall either during virus release and/or is packaged in the virion particle and involved in virus entry. Therefore, we expected a94l to be expressed late in virus infection. However, contrary to expectations, both the a94l mRNA and the A94L protein appeared 15 min after PBCV-1 infection and disappeared 60- and 120-min p.i. postinfection, respectively, indicating that a94l is an early gene. Twenty-seven of 42 chlorella viruses contained the a94l gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a virus-encoded beta-1,3-glucanase., (Copyright 2000 Academic Press.)
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Molecular and morphometric evidence for separate species of Uncinaria (Nematoda: Ancylostomatidae) in California sea lions and northern fur seals: hypothesis testing supplants verification.
- Author
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Nadler SA, Adams BJ, Lyons ET, DeLong RL, and Melin SR
- Subjects
- Ancylostomatoidea anatomy & histology, Ancylostomatoidea genetics, Ancylostomatoidea physiology, Ancylostomiasis parasitology, Animals, California, DNA, Ribosomal analysis, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer genetics, Female, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, RNA, Ribosomal, 28S genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Ancylostomatoidea classification, Ancylostomiasis veterinary, Fur Seals, Sea Lions parasitology
- Abstract
California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) are each believed to host distinct hookworm species (Uncinaria spp.). However, a recent morphometric analysis suggested that a single species parasitizes multiple pinniped hosts, and that the observed differences are host-induced. To explore the systematics of these hookworms and test these competing hypotheses, we obtained nucleotide sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (D2/D3 28S, D18/D19 28S, and internal transcribed spacer [ITS] regions) from 20 individual hookworms parasitizing California sea lion and northern fur seal pups where their breeding grounds are sympatric. Five individuals from an allopatric population of California sea lions were also sampled for ITS-1 and D18/D19 28S sequences. The 28S D2/D3 sequences showed no diagnostic differences among hookworms sampled from individual sea lions and fur seals, whereas the 28S D18/D19 sequences had one derived (apomorphic) character demarcating hookworms from northern fur seals. ITS sequences were variable for 7 characters, with 4 derived (apomorphic) states in ITS-1 demarcating hookworms from California sea lions. Multivariate analysis of morphometric data also revealed significant differences between nematodes representing these 2 host-associated lineages. These results indicate that these hookworms represent 2 species that are not distributed indiscriminately between these host species, but instead exhibit host fidelity, evolving independently with each respective host species. This evolutionary approach to analyzing sequence data for species delimitation is contrasted with similarity-based methods that have been applied to numerous diagnostic studies of nematode parasites.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Utility of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene for resolving relationships among black flies (Diptera: simuliidae).
- Author
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Pruess KP, Adams BJ, Parsons TJ, Zhu X, and Powers TO
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Classification, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Species Specificity, Diptera classification, Diptera genetics, Electron Transport Complex IV genetics, Mitochondria enzymology
- Abstract
The complete mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene was sequenced from 17 black flies, representing 13 putative species, and used to infer phylogenetic relationships. A midge (Paratanytarsus sp.) and three mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, and Culex quinquefasciatus) were used as outgroup taxa. All outgroup taxa were highly divergent from black flies. Phylogenetic trees based on weighted parsimony (a priori and a posteriori), maximum likelihood, and neighbor-joining (log-determinant distances) differed topologically, with deeper nodes being the least well-supported. All analyses supported current classification into species groups but relationships among those groups were poorly resolved. The majority of phylogenetic signal came from closely related sister taxa. The CO-II gene may be useful for exploring relationships at or below the subgeneric level, but is of questionable value at higher taxonomic levels. The weighting method employed gave phylogenetic results similar to those reported by other authors for other insect CO-II data sets. A best estimate of phylogenetic relationships based on the CO-II gene is presented and discussed in relation to current black fly classification., (Copyright 2000 Academic Press.)
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. A phylogenetic analysis of heterorhabditis (nemata: rhabditidae) based on internal transcribed spacer 1 DNA sequence data.
- Author
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Adams BJ, Burnell AM, and Powers TO
- Abstract
Internal transcribed spacer 1 sequences were used to infer phylogenetic relationships among 8 of the 9 described species and one putative species of the entomopathogenic nematode genus Heterorhabditis. Sequences were aligned and optimized based on pairwise genetic distance and parsimony criteria and subjected to a variety of sequence alignment parameters. Phylogenetic trees were constructed with maximum parsimony, cladistic, distance, and maximum likelihood algorithms. Our results gave strong support for four pairs of sister species, while relationships between these pairs also were resolved but less well supported. The ITS1 region of the nuclear ribosomal repeat was a reliable source of homologous characters for resolving relationships between closely related taxa but provided more tenuous resolution among more divergent lineages. A high degree of sequence identity and lack of autapomorphic characters suggest that sister species pairs within three distinct lineages may be mutually conspecific. Application of these molecular data and current morphological knowledge to the delimitation of species is hindered by an incomplete understanding of their variability in natural populations.
- Published
- 1998
49. Species concepts and the evolutionary paradigm in modem nematology.
- Author
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Adams BJ
- Abstract
Given the task of recovering and representing evolutionary history, nematode taxonomists can choose from among several species concepts. All species concepts have theoretical and (or) operational inconsistencies that can result in failure to accurately recover and represent species. This failure not only obfuscates nematode taxonomy but hinders other research programs in hematology that are dependent upon a phylogenetically correct taxonomy, such as biodiversity, biogeography, cospeciation, coevolution, and adaptation. Three types of systematic errors inherent in different species concepts and their potential effects on these research programs are presented. These errors include overestimating and underestimating the number of species (type I and II error, respectively) and misrepresenting their phylogenetic relationships (type III error). For research programs in hematology that utilize recovered evolutionary history, type II and III errors are the most serious. Linnean, biological, evolutionary, and phylogenefic species concepts are evaluated based on their sensitivity to systematic error. Linnean and biological species concepts are more prone to serious systematic error than evolutionary or phylogenetic concepts. As an alternative to the current paradigm, an amalgamation of evolutionary and phylogenetic species concepts is advocated, along with a set of discovery operations designed to minimize the risk of making systematic errors. Examples of these operations are applied to species and isolates of Heterorhabditis.
- Published
- 1998
50. Predicting the extension of equivalence classes from primary generalization gradients: the merger of equivalence classes and perceptual classes.
- Author
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Fields L, Reeve KF, Adams BJ, Brown JL, and Verhave T
- Subjects
- Form Perception, Humans, Probability, Size Perception, Space Perception, Conditioning, Operant, Discrimination Learning, Generalization, Psychological, Visual Perception
- Abstract
In Experiment 1, 6 college students were given generalization tests using 25 line lengths as samples with a long line, a short line, and a "neither" option as comparisons. The neither option was to be used if a sample did not go with the other comparisons. Then, four-member equivalence classes were formed. Class 1 included three nonsense words and the short line. Class 2 included three other nonsense words and the long line. After repeating the generalization test for line length, additional tests were conducted using members of the equivalence classes (i.e., nonsense words and lines) as comparisons and intermediate-length lines as samples. All Class 2 comparisons were selected in the presence of the test lines that also evoked the selection of the long line in the generalization test that had been given before equivalence class formation. Class 1 yielded complementary findings. Thus, the preclass primary generalization gradient predicted which test lines acted as members of each equivalence class. Regardless of using comparisons that were nonsense words or lines, the post-class-formation gradients overlapped, showing the substitutability of class members. Experiment 2 assessed the discriminability of the intermediate-length test lines from the Class 1 (shortest) and Class 2 (longest) lines. The test lines that functioned as members of an equivalence class were discriminable from the line that was a member of the same class by training. Thus, these test lines also acted as members of a dimensionally defined class of "long" or "short" lines. Extension of an equivalence class, then, involved its merger with a dimensionally defined class, which converted a close-ended class to an open-ended class. These data suggest a means of predicting class membership in naturally occurring categories.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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