38 results on '"Abu-Nada E"'
Number of results to display per page
Search Results
2. Three-dimensional modelling of natural convection and entropy generation in a vertical cylinder under heterogeneous heat flux using nanofluids
- Author
-
Rashidi, Iman, Kolsi, Lioua, Ahmadi, Goodarz, Mahian, Omid, Wongwises, Somchai, and Abu-Nada, E.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Performance analysis of air-standard Diesel cycle using an alternative irreversible heat transfer approach
- Author
-
Al-Hinti, I., Akash, B., Abu-Nada, E., and Al-Sarkhi, A.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Performance evaluation of standing column well for potential application of ground source heat pump in Jordan
- Author
-
Al-Sarkhi, A., Abu-Nada, E., Nijmeh, S., and Akash, B.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Effect of piston friction on the performance of SI engine: a new thermodynamic approach
- Author
-
Abu-Nada, E., Al-Hinti, I., Al-Sarkhi, A., and Akash, B.
- Subjects
Thermodynamics -- Research ,Pistons -- Mechanical properties ,Internal combustion engines -- Equipment and supplies ,Internal combustion engines -- Mechanical properties ,Friction -- Evaluation ,Engineering and manufacturing industries ,Science and technology - Abstract
This paper presents thermodynamic analysis of piston friction in spark-ignition internal combustion engines. The general effect of piston friction on engine performance was examined during cold starting and normal working conditions. Considerations were made using temperature-dependent specific heat model in order to make the analysis more realistic. A parametric study was performed covering wide range of dependent variables such as engine speed, taking into consideration piston friction combined with the variation of the specific heat with temperature, and heat loss from the cylinder. The results are presented for skirt friction only, and then for total piston friction (skirt and rings). The effect of oil viscosity is investigated over a wide range of engine speeds and oil temperatures. In general, it is found that oils with higher viscosities result in lower efficiency values. Using high viscosity oil can reduce the efficiency by more than 50% at cold oil temperatures. The efficiency maps for SAE 10, SAE 30, and SAE 50 are reported. The results of this model can be practically utilized to obtain optimized efficiency results either by selecting the optimum operating speed for a given oil type (viscosity) and temperature or by selecting the optimum oil type for a given operating speed and temperature. The effect of different piston ring configurations on the efficiency is also presented. Finally, the oil film thickness on the engine performance is studied in this paper. [DOI: 10.1115/1.2795777]
- Published
- 2008
6. Heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of separated flows encountered in a backward-facing step under the effect of suction and blowing
- Author
-
Abu-Nada E., Al-Sarkhi A., Akash B., and Al-Hinti I.
- Subjects
Heat-transfer media -- Research ,Heat-transfer media -- Usage ,Engineering and manufacturing industries ,Science and technology - Abstract
The article investigates the effect of suction and blowing on heat transfer and fluid flow over a backward-facing step (BFS). The reattachment length at the primary recirculation bubble suction is increased by increasing blowing rate and decreased by increasing the suction bleed rate.
- Published
- 2007
7. Energy saving and CO(sub 2) mitigation through restructuring Jordan's transportation sector: The diesel passenger cars scenario
- Author
-
Al-Ghandoor, A. and, Abu-Nada, E., Al-Hinti, I., and Akasha, B.
- Subjects
Transportation industry -- Energy use ,Air quality management -- Management ,Emissions credit trading -- Management ,Company business management ,Business ,Environmental issues ,Petroleum, energy and mining industries - Published
- 2007
8. Effect of drag reducing polymer on air–water annular flow in an inclined pipe
- Author
-
Al-Sarkhi, A., Abu-Nada, E., and Batayneh, M.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Heat transfer enhancement in combined convection around a horizontal cylinder using nanofluids
- Author
-
Abu-Nada, E., Ziyad, K., Saleh, M., and Ali, Y.
- Subjects
Copper -- Thermal properties ,Nanotechnology -- Research ,Silver -- Thermal properties ,Engineering and manufacturing industries ,Science and technology - Abstract
Heat transfer enhancement in combined convection around a rotating horizontal cylinder using nanofluids is presented. The transport equations are solved numerically using a second order finite volume scheme.
- Published
- 2008
10. Analysis of energy and exergy use in the Jordanian urban residential sector
- Author
-
Al-Ghandoor, A., Al-Hinti, I., Akash, B., and Abu-Nada, E.
- Subjects
Energy consumption -- Statistics ,Energy efficiency -- Environmental aspects ,Engineering and manufacturing industries - Abstract
Byline: A. Al-Ghandoor, I. Al-Hinti, B. Akash, E. Abu-Nada This study presents an analysis of the energy and exergy utilisation of the Jordanian urban residential sector by considering the flows of energy and exergy through the main end uses and applications in Jordanian households. To achieve this purpose, a survey covering 200 households was conducted and energy consumption data were gathered. Exergy analysis of Jordanian urban residential sector utilisation indicates a less efficient picture than that obtained by the energy analysis. Energy and exergy efficiencies were found to be equal to 66.6% and 15.4%, respectively.
- Published
- 2008
11. Effects of Nanofluids on the Performance of a PCM-Based Thermal Energy Storage System.
- Author
-
Addad, Y., Abutayeh, M., and Abu-Nada, E.
- Subjects
NANOFLUIDS ,HEAT storage ,HEAT transfer fluids ,PHASE changing circuits ,MATHEMATICAL optimization - Abstract
To study the thermal effects of using nanofluid as a heat transfer fluid (HTF) in a thermocline-type packed-bed energy storage tank filled with spherical phase-changing material (PCM) capsules, an in-house Fortran code is developed and validated using existing experimental and numerical data. The current assessment study shows that use of a nanofluid as HTF is able to accelerate the charging and discharging periods, hence positively affecting the thermal storage efficiency. For instance, using a nanofluid with a 5% nanoparticle concentration as HFT would reduce the charging/discharging period by about 20%. Hence, the current findings reveal that the use of a nanofluid as HTF should be considered for future design of thermocline-type packed-bed energy storage tanks of commercial size. The fact that the nanoparticles' concentration is directly affecting the heat transfer rate can be used as an adjustable parameter during the design and optimization stages of the thermal storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Differentially Heated Enclosure Using Nanofluids-Turbulent Regime.
- Author
-
Abu-Nada, E., Dinkelacker, F., Alatabi, A., Manickam, B., and Jollet, S.
- Subjects
- *
HEAT transfer , *FLUID dynamics , *NATURAL heat convection , *NANOPARTICLES , *ENERGY transfer - Abstract
Heat Transfer enhancement in turbulent natural convection using nanofluids is investigated numerically. The problem used for studying natural convection is a differentially heated square enclosure. The Bousinessq model is used to model density variation in the nanofluid. The transport equations are solved numerically using a second-order finite volume technique by implementing the k-ω model. The numerical solution is benchmarked against the experimental results of Ampofo and Karayiannis [10]. The Prandtl number and the Rayleigh number of the base fluid are set equal to 6.57 and 1010 respectively. The presence of nanoparticles is found to enhance the heat transfer in the enclosure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Performance of diesel engine using gas mixture with variable specific heats model.
- Author
-
Sakhrieh, A, Abu-Nada, E, Akash, B, Al-Hinti, I, and Al-Ghandoor, A
- Subjects
MIXTURES ,DIESEL motors ,TEMPERATURE effect ,THERMODYNAMIC cycles ,AIR pressure ,WORKING fluids ,THERMAL analysis ,ENERGY consumption ,PERFORMANCE evaluation - Abstract
A thermodynamic, one-zone, zero-dimensional computational model for a diesel engine is established in which a working fluid consisting of various gas mixtures has been implemented. The results were compared to those which use air as the working fluid with variable specific heats. Most of the parameters that are important for compression ignition engines, such as equivalence ratio, engine speed, maximum temperature, gas pressure, brake mean effective pressure and cycle thermal efficiency, have been studied. Furthermore, the effect of boost pressure was studied using both the gas mixture and dependent temperature air models. It was found that the temperature dependent air model overestimates the maximum temperature and cylinder pressure. For example, for the air model, the maximum temperature and cylinder pressure were about 1775 K and 93·5 bar respectively at 2500 rev min -1 , and the fuel/air equivalence ratio Φ = 0·6. On the other hand, when the gas mixture model is used under the same conditions, the maximum temperature and cylinder pressure were 1685 K and 87·5 bar respectively. This is reflected on the brake mean effective pressure and cycle thermal efficiency, which were both overestimated in the case of using the temperature dependent air model. The conclusions obtained in this study are useful when considering the design of diesel engines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Computational thermodynamic analysis of compression ignition engine
- Author
-
Sakhrieh, A., Abu-Nada, E., Al-Hinti, I., Al-Ghandoor, A., and Akash, B.
- Subjects
- *
THERMODYNAMICS , *DIESEL motors , *SIMULATION methods & models , *HEAT transfer , *DIESEL cycle , *PRESSURE - Abstract
Abstract: This paper presents diesel engine simulation taking into consideration heat transfer and variable specific heats. A dual Weibe function is used to model the heat release. It was found that early injection timing leads to higher levels of pressure and temperature in the cylinder. Also, it was found that BMEP is more sensitive to equivalence ratio than to engine speed. Higher values of equivalence ratio lead to lower thermal efficiency even an increase in the value of BMEP was revealed. For medium engine speeds between 2000 and 3000, it was found that the optimum equivalence ratio is between 0.5 and 0.7. However, for low engine speeds the optimum equivalence ratio was around 0.35. For high engine speeds the thermal efficiency was almost independent of equivalence ratios higher than 0.4. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Performance of a spark ignition engine under the effect of friction using a gas mixture model.
- Author
-
Abu-Nada, E., Akash, B., Al-Hinti, I., and Al-Sarkhi, A.
- Subjects
SPARK ignition engines ,FRICTION ,STOICHIOMETRY ,WORKING fluids ,SPECIFIC heat ,HEAT transfer ,COMBUSTION - Abstract
This paper presents the effect of friction on the performance of a spark ignition engine using a gas mixture as the working fluid. The results were compared to a frictionless engine. Engine parameters that were studied include equivalence ratio, engine speed, break mean effective pressure (BMEP), and cycle thermal efficiency. It was found for the frictionless engine operating at 6000 rev min
-1 and stoichiometric air-fuel mixture that BMEP and efficiency were about 14 bar and 36% respectively. On the other hand, when friction is included under the same condition BMEP and efficiency were about 10 bar and 27% respectively. However, at lower engine speed and equivalence ratio, the deviations were much smaller. Therefore, it is more realistic to consider the effect of friction using the gas mixture model instead of air as the working fluid for the analysis of spark ignition engines, especially when running at high speeds and/or rich mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Prospects of Geothermal Energy Utilization in Jordan.
- Author
-
Al-Sarkhi, A., Akash, B., Abu-Nada, E., Nijmeh, S., and Al-Hinti, I.
- Subjects
GEOTHERMAL resources ,NATURAL resources ,ENERGY development ,ENERGY conversion ,GEOTHERMAL power plants ,GROUND source heat pump systems ,ENERGY storage - Abstract
Jordan has rich geothermal resources in the low enthalpy ranges as hot springs and wells distributed along many geothermal fields. Underground temperatures within the first 100 m, suitable for supply and storage of thermal energy for various locations in Jordan, are presented. They include Amman, Aqaba, Ghor-Safi, Irbid, Ma'an, Shoubak, and Zarqa. Geothermal energy can help Jordan to be less dependent on imported oil. Standing column well systems are suitable in geological regions with plentiful ground water. This system suits many geothermal places in Jordan. Also, ground source heat pump systems can also be adapted in Jordan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Natural convection heat transfer enhancement in horizontal concentric annuli using nanofluids
- Author
-
Abu-Nada, E., Masoud, Z., and Hijazi, A.
- Subjects
- *
NANOPARTICLES , *NANOFLUIDS , *FLUID dynamics , *HEAT transfer - Abstract
Abstract: Heat transfer enhancement in horizontal annuli using nanofluids is investigated. Water-based nanofluid containing various volume fractions of Cu, Ag, Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles is used. The addition of the different types and different volume fractions of nanoparticles were found to have adverse effects on heat transfer characteristics. For high values of Rayleigh number and high L/D ratio, nanoparticles with high thermal conductivity cause significant enhancement of heat transfer characteristics. On the other hand, for intermediate values of Rayleigh number, nanoparticles with low thermal conductivity cause a reduction in heat transfer. For Ra=103 and Ra=105 the addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles improves heat transfer. However, for Ra=104, the addition of nanoparticles has a very minor effect on heat transfer characteristics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Modeling of a geothermal standing column well.
- Author
-
Abu-Nada, E., Akash, B., Al-Hinti, I., Al-Sarkhi, A., Nijmeh, S., Ibrahim, A., and Shishan, A.
- Subjects
- *
GEOTHERMAL resources , *POWER resources , *NATURAL resources , *TEMPERATURE , *THERMAL properties , *SOIL porosity , *ENERGY economics , *PERMEABILITY - Abstract
This paper presents a three-dimensional numerical investigation of a geothermal standing column well (SCW) to carry out heating simulations during January in four selected locations in Jordan. It is shown that the outlet temperature of SCW increases with the depth of the borehole. However, the successful choice of the location is of extreme importance as there is a limit on the outlet temperature that can be achieved at a given location. It is demonstrated that bleeding is generally effective in increasing the outlet temperature. An optimum range of bleed rate exists around 12–13%. Also, bleeding is more effective in achieving higher outlet temperatures when used in locations with higher soil porosity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Thermodynamic analysis of spark-ignition engine using a gas mixture model for the working fluid.
- Author
-
Abu-Nada, E., Al-Hinti, I., Akash, B., and Al-Sarkhi, A.
- Subjects
- *
SPECIFIC heat , *OTTO cycle , *GASWORKS , *WORKING fluids , *COMBUSTION products , *THERMODYNAMIC cycles , *STOICHIOMETRY , *TEMPERATURE measurements , *SELF-propagating high-temperature synthesis ,SPARK ignition engine ignition - Abstract
This paper presents thermodynamic analysis of spark-ignition engine. A theoretical model of Otto cycle, with a working fluid consisting of various gas mixtures, has been implemented. It is compared to those which use air as the working fluid with variable temperature specific heats. A wide range of engine parameters were studied, such as equivalence ratio, engine speed, maximum and outlet temperatures, brake mean effective pressure, gas pressure, and cycle thermal efficiency. For example, for the air model, the maximum temperature, brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), and efficiency were about 3000 K, 15 bar, and 32%, respectively, at 5000 rpm and 1.2 equivalence ratio. On the other hand, by using the gas mixture model under the same conditions, the maximum temperature, BMEP, and efficiency were about 2500 K, 13.7 bar, and 29%. However, for the air model, at lower engine speeds of 2000 rpm and equivalence ratio of 0.8, the maximum temperature, BMEP, and efficiency were about 2000 K, 8.7 bar, and 28%, respectively. Also, by using the gas mixture model under these conditions, the maximum temperature, BMEP, and efficiency were about 1900 K, 8.4 bar, and 27%, i.e. with insignificant differences. Therefore, it is more realistic to use gas mixture in cycle analysis instead of merely assuming air to be the working fluid, especially at high engine speeds. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Thermodynamic modeling of spark-ignition engine: Effect of temperature dependent specific heats
- Author
-
Abu-Nada, E., Al-Hinti, I., Al-Sarkhi, A., and Akash, B.
- Subjects
- *
HEAT engines , *SPECIFIC heat , *THERMOMETRIC titration , *TEMPERATURE - Abstract
Abstract: This paper presents thermodynamics analysis of spark-ignition (SI) engine. A theoretical model of air-standard Otto cycle having temperature dependent specific heats has been implemented. It was compared to that which uses constant temperature specific heats. Wide range of engine parameters was studied. In most cases there were significant variations between the results obtained by using temperature dependent specific heats with those obtained at constant specific heats especially at high engine speeds. Therefore, it is more realistic to use temperature dependent specific heat. This should be considered in cycle analysis; especially that temperature variation in the actual cycles is quite large. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Characteristics of forced convection heat transfer in vertical internally finned tube
- Author
-
Al-Sarkhi, A. and Abu-Nada, E.
- Subjects
- *
HEAT transfer , *NUSSELT number , *THERMODYNAMICS , *FRICTION - Abstract
Abstract: This work presents a numerical investigation of a vertical internally finned tube subjected to forced convection heat transfer. The governing equations were solved numerically using the control volume technique. Nusselt number, Nu, and friction factor multiplied by Reynolds number, fRe, are influenced greatly by the height and number of the radial fins. The velocity and temperature distributions inside the tube depend on the number and height of the radial fins. This paper suggests that for best heat transfer to be achieved there is an optimum combination of fin numbers and height. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF SHROUDED FIN ARRAY UNDER COMBINED FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION
- Author
-
Al-Sarkhi, A., Abu-Nada, E., Akash, B.A., and Jaber, J.O.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. THE EFFECT OF SUCTION BOUNDARY CONDITION ON THE LOCAL AND AVERAGE NUSSELT NUMBERS FOR A FREE CONVECTION FLOW REGIME
- Author
-
Abu-Nada, E., Al-Sarkhi, A., Ashhab, M., and Akash, B.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Performance evaluation of irreversible Miller engine under various specific heat models
- Author
-
Al-Sarkhi, A., Al-Hinti, I., Abu-Nada, E., and Akash, B.
- Subjects
- *
ENGINES , *HEAT transfer , *THERMODYNAMICS , *FRICTION - Abstract
Abstract: In this paper, the performance of a Miller engine is evaluated under different specific heat models (i.e., constant, linear, and fourth order polynomial). Finite-time thermodynamics is used to derive the relations between power output and thermal efficiency at different compression and expansion ratios for an ideal naturally-aspirated (air-standard) Miller cycle. The effect of the temperature-dependent specific heat of the working fluid on the irreversible cycle performance is significant. It was found that an accurate model such as fourth order polynomial is essential for accurate prediction of cycle performance. The conclusions of this investigation are of importance when considering the designs of actual Miller engines. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. EFFICIENCY OF MILLER ENGINE AT MAXIMUM POWER DENSITY
- Author
-
Al-Sarkhi, A., Akash, B.A., Jaber, J.O., Mohsen, M.S., and Abu-Nada, E.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Integration of acoustic micromixing with cyclic olefin copolymer microfluidics for enhanced lab-on-a-chip applications in nanoscale liposome synthesis.
- Author
-
Agha A, Abu-Nada E, and Alazzam A
- Subjects
- Polymers chemistry, Acoustics instrumentation, Microfluidics instrumentation, Microfluidics methods, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques instrumentation, Nanotechnology instrumentation, Liposomes chemistry, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices, Cycloparaffins chemistry
- Abstract
The integration of acoustic wave micromixing with microfluidic systems holds great potential for applications in biomedicine and lab-on-a-chip technologies. Polymers such as cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) are increasingly utilized in microfluidic applications due to its unique properties, low cost, and versatile fabrication methods, and incorporating them into acoustofluidics significantly expands their potential applications. In this work, for the first time, we demonstrated the integration of polymer microfluidics with acoustic micromixing utilizing oscillating sharp edge structures to homogenize flowing fluids. The sharp edge mixing platform was entirely composed of COC fabricated in a COC-hydrocarbon solvent swelling based microfabrication process. As an electrical signal is applied to a piezoelectric transducer bonded to the micromixer, the sharp edges start to oscillate generating vortices at its tip, mixing the fluids. A 2D numerical model was implemented to determine the optimum microchannel dimensions for experimental mixing assessment. The system was shown to successfully mix fluids at flow rates up to 150 µ l h
-1 and has a modest effect even at the highest tested flow rate of 600 µ l h-1 . The utility of the fabricated sharp edge micromixer was demonstrated by the synthesis of nanoscale liposomes., (© 2024 IOP Publishing Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Hybrid lattice-Boltzmann-finite-difference approach for the simulation of micro-phase-change-material slurry in convective flow.
- Author
-
Ghannam A, Abu-Nada E, and Alazzam A
- Abstract
In this paper, we present a hybrid numerical scheme that couples the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) with the finite difference method (FDM) to model micro-phase-change-material (MPCM) suspensions in a minichannel. Within this framework, the LBM was employed to solve the continuity, momentum, and energy equations for the fluid domain, while a Lagrangian scheme replicates the motion of MPCM particles. The LBM is coupled with an FDM solver which operates under the lumped capacitance assumption to address the phase-change phenomena within the microparticles. This hybrid coupling eliminates the necessity for any specific treatment in handling phase transitions and tracking phase interfaces. The proposed method is first evaluated on classic particle cases, demonstrating its ability to achieve four-way coupling. Furthermore, the current model effectively adapted viscosity changes when integrating the microparticles, obviating the need for homogenous viscosity models. Subsequently, the potential of this approach is demonstrated by examining the influence of the near-wall thermal interaction of MPCM particles considering three scenarios based on particle density: light (ρ_{p}<ρ_{f}), neutrally buoyant (ρ_{p}≈ρ_{f}), and dense (ρ_{p}>ρ_{f}) microparticles. The hybrid approach further revealed insights into the impact of the volume fraction on the heat transfer coefficient as well as on the overall heat transfer coefficient and performance index from a Lagrangian perspective.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. A review on microfluidic-assisted nanoparticle synthesis, and their applications using multiscale simulation methods.
- Author
-
Agha A, Waheed W, Stiharu I, Nerguizian V, Destgeer G, Abu-Nada E, and Alazzam A
- Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an increased interest in the development of nanoparticles (NPs) owing to their potential use in a wide variety of biomedical applications, including drug delivery, imaging agents, gene therapy, and vaccines, where recently, lipid nanoparticle mRNA-based vaccines were developed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19. NPs typically fall into two broad categories: organic and inorganic. Organic NPs mainly include lipid-based and polymer-based nanoparticles, such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymersomes, dendrimers, and polymer micelles. Gold and silver NPs, iron oxide NPs, quantum dots, and carbon and silica-based nanomaterials make up the bulk of the inorganic NPs. These NPs are prepared using a variety of top-down and bottom-up approaches. Microfluidics provide an attractive synthesis alternative and is advantageous compared to the conventional bulk methods. The microfluidic mixing-based production methods offer better control in achieving the desired size, morphology, shape, size distribution, and surface properties of the synthesized NPs. The technology also exhibits excellent process repeatability, fast handling, less sample usage, and yields greater encapsulation efficiencies. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the microfluidic-based passive and active mixing techniques for NP synthesis, and their latest developments. Additionally, a summary of microfluidic devices used for NP production is presented. Nonetheless, despite significant advancements in the experimental procedures, complete details of a nanoparticle-based system cannot be deduced from the experiments alone, and thus, multiscale computer simulations are utilized to perform systematic investigations. The work also details the most common multiscale simulation methods and their advancements in unveiling critical mechanisms involved in nanoparticle synthesis and the interaction of nanoparticles with other entities, especially in biomedical and therapeutic systems. Finally, an analysis is provided on the challenges in microfluidics related to nanoparticle synthesis and applications, and the future perspectives, such as large-scale NP synthesis, and hybrid formulations and devices., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Numerical Modeling Using Immersed Boundary-Lattice Boltzmann Method and Experiments for Particle Manipulation under Standing Surface Acoustic Waves.
- Author
-
Alshehhi F, Waheed W, Al-Ali A, Abu-Nada E, and Alazzam A
- Abstract
In this work, we employed the Immersed Boundary-Lattice Boltzmann Method (IB-LBM) to simulate the motion of a microparticle in a microchannel under the influence of a standing surface acoustic wave (SSAW). To capture the response of the target microparticle in a straight channel under the effect of the SSAW, in-house code was built in C language. The SSAW creates pressure nodes and anti-nodes inside the microchannel. Here, the target particle was forced to traverse toward the pressure node. A mapping mechanism was developed to accurately apply the physical acoustic force field in the numerical simulation. First, benchmarking studies were conducted to compare the numerical results in the IB-LBM with the available analytical, numerical, and experimental results. Next, several parametric studies were carried out in which the particle types, sizes, compressibility coefficients, and densities were varied. When the SSAW is applied, the microparticles (with a positive acoustic contrast factor) move toward the pressure node locations during their motion in the microchannel. Hence, their steady-state locations are controlled by adjusting the pressure nodes to the desired locations, such as the centerline or near the microchannel sidewalls. Moreover, the geometric parameters, such as radius, density, and compressibility of the particles affect their transient response, and the particles ultimately settle at the pressure nodes. To validate the numerical work, a microfluidic device was fabricated in-house in the cleanroom using lithographic techniques. Experiments were performed, and the target particle was moved either to the centerline or sidewalls of the channel, depending on the location of the pressure node. The steady-state placements obtained in the computational model and experiments exhibit excellent agreement and are reported.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. A review of active and passive hybrid systems based on Dielectrophoresis for the manipulation of microparticles.
- Author
-
Al-Ali A, Waheed W, Abu-Nada E, and Alazzam A
- Subjects
- Electrophoresis methods, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices, Microfluidics methods, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques
- Abstract
Particle separation is essential in a broad range of systems and has several biological applications. Microfluidics has emerged as a potentially transformational method for particle separation. The approach manipulates and separates particles at the micrometer scale by using well-defined microstructures and precisely managed force fields. Depending on the source of the principal manipulating forces, particle manipulation and separation in microfluidics may be classified as active or passive. Passive microfluidic devices depend on drag and inertial forces and microchannel structure, while active microfluidic systems rely on external force fields. Active microfluidics, in general, can properly control and place particles of interest in real time. Due to the low flow rate, the residual time required to apply an appropriate external manipulating force to the target particles is reduced, thereby limiting overall throughput. Passive microfluidics, on the other hand, has a simple architecture, robustness, and high throughput. Hybrid techniques, which combine active and passive processes, have been created to address the shortcomings of each while maximizing the benefits of each. Numerous hybrid techniques for particle separation have been developed. This study reviews the most recent developments in the field of hybrid devices based on dielectrophoresis. Dielectrophoresis-passive and dielectrophoresis-active hybrid approaches are described and evaluated. Dielectrophoresis-inertial, dielectrophoresis-hydrophoresis, dielectrophoresis- deterministic lateral displacement, and insulator-based dielectrophoresis are examples of dielectrophoresis-passive hybrid devices. Dielectrophoresis with acoustophoresis, magnetophoresis, and optophoresis are examples of dielectrophoresis-active devices. Each hybrid system will be assessed based on its operating principles, advantages, and disadvantages. Following that, a comprehensive explanation of dielectrophoresis physical concepts and operating procedures will be offered. As part of this review, the advantages and disadvantages of DEP-based separation devices will be examined. All these hybrid devices will be thoroughly examined and evaluated. Finally, a summary of present difficulties in the hybrid separation sector will be offered, as well as future suggestions and aspirations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Numerical investigation of nanoparticles slip mechanisms impact on the natural convection heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids in an enclosure.
- Author
-
Amidu MA, Addad Y, Riahi MK, and Abu-Nada E
- Abstract
This study intends to give qualitative results toward the understanding of different slip mechanisms impact on the natural heat transfer performance of nanofluids. The slip mechanisms considered in this study are Brownian diffusion, thermophoretic diffusion, and sedimentation. This study compares three different Eulerian nanofluid models; Single-phase, two-phase, and a third model that consists of incorporating the three slip mechanisms in a two-phase drift-flux. These slip mechanisms are found to have different impacts depending on the nanoparticle concentration, where this effect ranges from negligible to dominant. It has been reported experimentally in the literature that, with high nanoparticle volume fraction the heat transfer deteriorates. Admittingly, classical nanofluid models are known to underpredict this impairment. To address this discrepancy, this study focuses on the effect of thermophoretic diffusion and sedimentation outcome as these two mechanisms turn out to be influencing players in the resulting heat transfer rate using the two-phase model. In particular, the necessity to account for the sedimentation contribution toward qualitative modeling of the heat transfer is highlighted. To this end, correlations relating the thermophoretic and sedimentation coefficients to the nanofluid concentration and Rayleigh number are proposed in this study. Numerical experiments are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed two-phase model in approaching the experimental data, for the full range of Rayleigh number in the laminar flow regime and for nanoparticles concentration of (0% to 3%), with great satisfaction., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Dielectrophoresis-field flow fractionation for separation of particles: A critical review.
- Author
-
Waheed W, Sharaf OZ, Alazzam A, and Abu-Nada E
- Subjects
- Electrophoresis methods, Fractionation, Field Flow methods
- Abstract
Dielectrophoresis-field flow fractionation (DEP-FFF) has emerged as an efficient in-vitro, non-invasive, and label-free mechanism to manipulate a variety of nano- and micro-scaled particles in a continuous-flow manner. The technique is mainly used to fractionate particles/cells based on differences in their sizes and/or dielectric properties by employing dielectrophoretic force as an external force field applied perpendicular to the flow direction. The dielectrophoretic force is the result of a spatially non-uniform electric field in the microchannel that can be generated either by exploiting microchannel geometry or using special arrangements of microelectrode arrays. Several two-dimensional (e.g., coplanar interdigitated, castellated) and three-dimensional (e.g., top-bottom, side-wall) microelectrode designs have been successfully utilized to perform fractionation of heterogeneous samples. Although originally introduced as a separation technique, DEP-FFF has attracted increasing interest in performing other important operations such as switching, focusing, dipping, and surface functionalization of target particles. Nonetheless, the technique still suffers from limitations such as low throughput and joule heating. By comparatively analyzing recent developments that address these shortcomings, this work is a step forward towards realizing the full potential of DEP-FFF as an ideal candidate for point-of-care (POC) devices with diverse applications in the fields of biomedical, chemical, and environmental engineering., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Investigation of the novelty of latent functionally thermal fluids as alternative to nanofluids in natural convective flows.
- Author
-
Haddad Z, Iachachene F, Abu-Nada E, and Pop I
- Abstract
This paper presents a detailed comparison between the latent functionally thermal fluids (LFTFs) and nanofluids in terms of heat transfer enhancement. The problem used to carry the comparison is natural convection in a differentially heated cavity where LFTFs and nanofluids are considered the working fluids. The nanofluid mixture consists of Al
2 O3 nanoparticles and water, whereas the LFTF mixture consists of a suspension of nanoencapsulated phase change material (NEPCMs) in water. The thermophysical properties of the LFTFs are derived from available experimental data in literature. The NEPCMs consist of n-nonadecane as PCM and poly(styrene-co-methacrylic acid) as shell material for the encapsulation. Finite volume method is used to solve the governing equations of the LFTFs and the nanofluid. The computations covered a wide range of Rayleigh number, 104 ≤ Ra ≤ 107 , and nanoparticle volume fraction ranging between 0 and 1.69%. It was found that the LFTFs give substantial heat transfer enhancement compared to nanofluids, where the maximum heat transfer enhancement of 13% was observed over nanofluids. Though the thermal conductivity of LFTFs was 15 times smaller than that of the base fluid, a significant enhancement in thermal conductivity was observed. This enhancement was attributed to the high latent heat of fusion of the LFTFs which increased the energy transport within the cavity and accordingly the thermal conductivity of the LFTFs.- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Multiple Particle Manipulation under Dielectrophoresis Effect: Modeling and Experiments.
- Author
-
Waheed W, Alazzam A, Al-Khateeb AN, and Abu-Nada E
- Abstract
The dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) technique was employed to design multiple microfluidic devices for investigating the motion of bioparticles at low Reynolds numbers. A DPD in-house FORTRAN code was developed to simulate the trajectories of two microparticles in the presence of hydrodynamic and transverse deflecting force fields via considering interparticle interaction forces. The particle-particle interactions were described by using a simplified version of the Morse potential. The transverse deflecting force considered in this microfluidic application was the dielectrophoresis (DEP) force. Multiple microfluidic devices with different configurations of microelectrodes were numerically designed to investigate the dielectrophoretic behavior of bioparticles for their trajectories and the focusing of bioparticles into a single stream in the middle of the microchannel. The DPD simulation results were verified and validated against previously reported numerical and experimental works in the literature. The computationally designed microdevices were fabricated by employing standard lithographic techniques, and experiments were conducted via taking red blood cells as the representative bioparticles. The experimental results for the trajectories and focusing showed good agreement with the numerical results.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Dissipative particle dynamics for modeling micro-objects in microfluidics: application to dielectrophoresis.
- Author
-
Waheed W, Alazzam A, Al-Khateeb AN, and Abu-Nada E
- Subjects
- Animals, Erythrocytes physiology, Humans, Algorithms, Electrophoresis, Microfluidics, Models, Theoretical
- Abstract
The dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) technique is employed to model the trajectories of micro-objects in a practical microfluidic device. The simulation approach is first developed using an in-house Fortran code to model Stokes flow at Reynolds number of 0.01. The extremely low Reynolds number is achieved by adjusting the DPD parameters, such as force coefficients, thermal energies of the particles, and time steps. After matching the numerical flow profile with the analytical results, the technique is developed further to simulate the deflection of micro-objects under the effect of a deflecting external force in a rectangular microchannel. A mapping algorithm is introduced to establish the scaling relationship for the deflecting force between the physical device and the DPD domain. Dielectrophoresis is studied as a case study for the deflecting force, and the trajectory of a single red blood cell under the influence of the dielectrophoretic force is simulated. The device is fabricated using standard microfabrication techniques, and the experiments involving a dilute sample of red blood cells are performed at two different cases of the actuation voltage. Good agreement between the numerical and experimental results is achieved.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Investigation of DPD transport properties in modeling bioparticle motion under the effect of external forces: Low Reynolds number and high Schmidt scenarios.
- Author
-
Waheed W, Alazzam A, Al-Khateeb AN, Sung HJ, and Abu-Nada E
- Abstract
We have used a dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) model to study the movement of microparticles in a microfluidic device at extremely low Reynolds number (Re). The particles, immersed in a medium, are transported in the microchannel by a flow force and deflected transversely by an external force along the way. An in-house Fortran code is developed to simulate a two-dimensional fluid flow using DPD at Re ≥ 0.0005, which is two orders of magnitude less than the minimum Re value previously reported in the DPD literature. The DPD flow profile is verified by comparing it with the exact solution of Hagen-Poiseuille flow. A bioparticle based on a rigid spring-bead model is introduced in the DPD fluid, and the employed model is verified via comparing the velocity profile past a stationary infinite cylinder against the profile obtained via the finite element method. Moreover, the drag force and drag coefficient on the stationary cylinder are also computed and compared with the reported literature results. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is investigated as a case study for the proposed DPD model to compute the trajectories of red blood cells in a microfluidic device. A mapping mechanism to scale the external deflecting force from the physical to DPD domain is performed. We designed and built our own experimental setup with the aim to compare the experimental trajectories of cells in a microfluidic device to validate our DPD model. These experimental results are used to investigate the dependence of the trajectory results on the Reynolds number and the Schmidt number. The numerical results agree well with the experiment results, and it is found that the Schmidt number is not a significant parameter for the current application; Reynolds numbers combined with the DEP-to-drag force ratio are the only important parameters influencing the behavior of particles inside the microchannel.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Lateral fluid flow fractionation using dielectrophoresis (LFFF-DEP) for size-independent, label-free isolation of circulating tumor cells.
- Author
-
Waheed W, Alazzam A, Mathew B, Christoforou N, and Abu-Nada E
- Subjects
- Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Separation instrumentation, Electrophoresis instrumentation, Equipment Design, Humans, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques instrumentation, Cell Separation methods, Electrophoresis methods, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques methods, Neoplastic Cells, Circulating
- Abstract
This short communication introduces a continuous-flow, dielectrophoresis-based lateral fluid flow fractionation microdevice for detection/isolation of circulating tumor cells in the presence of other haematological cells. The device utilizes two sets of planar interdigitated transducer electrodes micropatterned on top of a glass wafer using standard microfabrication techniques. A microchannel with a single inlet and two outlets, realized in polydimethylsiloxane, is bonded on the glass substrate. The two sets of electrodes slightly protrude into the microchannel. Both of the electrode sets are energized with signals at different frequencies and different operating voltages ensuring that the cancer cells experience positive dielectrophoretic force from one set of the electrodes and negative dielectrophoretic force from the other array. Normal cells experience unequal negative dielectrophoretic forces from opposing sets of electrodes. The resultant dielectrophoretic forces on cancer and normal cells push them to flow towards their designed outlets. Successful isolation of green fluorescent protein-labelled MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells from regular blood cells, both suspended in a sucrose/dextrose medium, is reported in this work., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Natural convection heat transfer simulation using energy conservative dissipative particle dynamics.
- Author
-
Abu-Nada E
- Abstract
Dissipative particle dynamics with energy conservation (eDPD) was used to study natural convection via Rayleigh-Bénard (RB) problem and a differentially heated enclosure problem (DHE). The current eDPD model implemented the Boussinesq approximation to model the buoyancy forces. The eDPD results were compared to the finite volume solutions and it was found that the eDPD method predict the temperature and flow fields throughout the natural convection domains properly. The eDPD model recovered the basic features of natural convection, such as development of plumes, development of thermal boundary layers, and development of natural convection circulation cells (rolls). The eDPD results were presented via temperature isotherms, streamlines, velocity contours, velocity vector plots, and temperature and velocity profiles. Further useful quantities, such as Nusselt number was calculated from the eDPD results and found to be in good agreement with the finite volume calculations.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Books, media, physical & digital resources
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.