Search

Green manure is a soil management technique which provides several benefits to agroecosystems, improving the chemical, physical and biological quality of the soil, allowing them to provide different ecosystem services. Thus, the purpose of this work was to select green manures to compose multifunctional agroecosystems that provide ecosystem services in a semi-arid environment through the addition of biomass, C and N, and nutrient cycling. Thus, 29 treatments were evaluated in two cultivation cycles, using 14 species of legumes, oilseeds and grasses, distributed in single and intercropped crops. The green manures were cut at 70 days after sowing, and samples of the shoot and root parts were collected, with the production of fresh and dry biomass and the N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S levels being evaluated. C and biomass from rhizodeposition were also estimated. From these data, the accumulation of nutrients in the shoot and root biomass was calculated. Data were compared using descriptive and multivariate statistics. There is a positive relationship between the growing number of species used in consortium and the greater production of shoot and root biomass, favoring the increase in the capacity of the agroecosystem to provide provision and regulation services, with the latter being associated with climate change mitigation measures, highlighting the importance of biodiversity. A adubação verde é uma técnica de manejo do solo que proporciona diversos benefícios aos agroecossistemas, melhorando a qualidade química, física e biológica do solo e permitindo que eles forneçam diferentes serviços ecossistêmicos. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi selecionar adubos verdes para compor agroecossistemas multifuncionais que prestem serviços ecossistêmicos em ambiente semiárido, por meio da adição de biomassa, C e N e da ciclagem de nutrientes. Para isso, foram avaliados, em dois ciclos de cultivo, 29 tratamentos utilizandose 14 espécies de leguminosas, oleaginosas e gramíneas, distribuídas em cultivos solteiros e consorciados. Setenta dias após a semeadura, os adubos verdes foram cortados e coletaram-se amostras das partes aérea e radicular, nas quais foram avaliadas a produção de biomassa fresca e seca e os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. Os teores de C e a biomassa proveniente de rizodeposição foram estimados. Com esses dados, foram calculados os acúmulos dos nutrientes na biomassa aérea e radicular. Os dados foram comparados por meio de estatística descritiva e multivariada. Existe uma relação positiva entre o número crescente de espécies utilizadas em consórcio e a maior produção de biomassa aérea e radicular, favorecendo o aumento da capacidade do agroecossistema na prestação de serviços de provisão e de regulação, este último associado às medidas de mitigação das mudanças climáticas, o que evidencia a importância da biodiversidade.

The inadequate agricultural management in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil, associated with the fragility of most soils, has caused degradation of the quality of this resource. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of Quartzipsamments under different uses through the multivariate analysis of chemical and physical attributes. Five areas were selected: four of them with agricultural use (onion, banana, cassava, and corn) and the other with Caatinga. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0.00?0.10, 0.10?0.20, and 0.20?0.40 m for chemical and physical analyses. The data were submitted to descriptive analysis and then to the multivariate analysis using the principal component analysis (PCA) technique and Ward?s clustering method. PCA and clustering techniques allowed the identification of different production systems in subsurface layers, suggesting the effect of fertility on the differentiation of areas with onion and banana, as well as the clustering of cassava and corn cultivations. Physical attributes and sodium content of the surface layer of the area with onion showed a tendency of compaction and salinization process of this environment. In general, fertility was the main responsible for the improvement of soil quality with agricultural use when compared to the Caatinga Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-16T00:36:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Multivariateanalysis2019.pdf: 948287 bytes, checksum: 98b3a9b61ec2c4c3f174c9d009868fad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

The objective of this work was to evaluate physiological and biochemical responses of Pele de sapo melon to different irrigation depths (ID) and bioestimulant rates (BTM) to improve its production efficiency. The experiment was conducted in an experimental field in Juazeiro, BA, Brazil. A randomized block design in split split-plot arrangement was used, with four ID (60, 80, 100, and 120% of crop evapotranspiration ? ETc) in the plots; five (BTM) (Stimulate® at 0, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 L ha-1 applied via irrigation system during the flowering stage and after the fruiting stage) in the subplots; and two crop seasons (hot season, 23 to 39 °C; and cold season, 15 to 30 °C) in the sub-subplots. The plants were under daily drip irrigation and spacing of 2.0 × 0.3 m. The variables evaluated were: gas exchange, water use efficiency, chlorophyll a and b, relative water, sugar, and amino acid contents, and fruit yield. The results showed that the ID of 60% ETc resulted in water deficit, denoted by increases in solute concentrations, whereas the ID of 80% and 100% resulted in plants with good performance for biochemical, physiological, and production parameters in both crop seasons. The hot season, ID of 120% ETc, and BTM of 2.4 L ha-1 are recommended for Pele de sapo melon crops, since they result in the best physiological responses and fruit yields. Keywords: Cucumis melo, irrigation management, water defi Made available in DSpace on 2021-02-19T19:18:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pele-de-sapo-melon-grown-under-different-2020.pdf: 3250345 bytes, checksum: 28185cd2c3e5ae22b7b83e643f83898e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Knowledge of the decomposition dynamics of aboveground phytomass and its release of nutrients in mixtures of cover crops as well as the impact on the soil tillage system is fundamental for the sustainable management of agroecosystems. This work aimed to evaluate whether soil tillage and the choice of cover crops cultivated in the interrows can be technological strategies to increase dry biomass production, increase the capacity to add carbon, and improve macronutrient cycling in a mango (Mangifera indica L.) orchard in a semi-arid environment. The field experiment (sixth year) consisted of two soil tillage systems (NT-no tillage and CT-conventional tillage) combined with three plant mixtures (PM1-75 % leguminous + 25 % grasses and oilseed species, PM2-25 % leguminous + 75 % grasses and oilseed species, and SV - spontaneous vegetation). Phytomass production and nutrient accumulation were not affected by the soil tillage system, but PM1 had the highest phytomass production and accumulations of C, N, and K, and it was significantly superior to SV. Regardless of the type of plant mixture, cultivated or spontaneous, soil tillage increased the rates of phytomass decomposition and nutrient release evaluated for 315 days after the cover plant management. The PM1 had the highest rates of decomposition and release of P and K, followed by PM2 and SV. There was no difference between the mixtures for the release of N, Ca, and Mg. The use of a mixture of cover crops, regardless of the predominance of leguminous or non-leguminous species, and a no-tillage system were technological strategies that could be adopted to favor the addition of soil carbon and nutrient cycling in fruit agroecosystems in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Spontaneous vegetation, due to its capacity to accumulate nutrients and the recalcitrant characteristics of its phytomass, has the potential to cycle nutrients and keep the soil covered. In addition, spontaneous vegetation should be better investigated because it is a low-cost Made available in DSpace on 2019-06-04T00:31:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanderlise2019.pdf: 999498 bytes, checksum: 27dd951dd271e0a0f0e4978c8e22344e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Adaptation of plants to saline environments depends on the activation of mechanisms that minimize the effects of excess ions on vital processes, such as photosynthesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll, and organic solute in ten genotypes of forage sorghum irrigated with solutions of different salinity levels. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in a 10 x 6 factorial arrangement, with three replications, using ten genotypes - F305, BRS-655, BRS-610, Volumax, 1.015.045, 1.016.005, 1.016.009, 1.016.013, 1.016.015 and 1.016.031 - and six saline solutions, with electrical conductivity (ECw) of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 dS m-1. The photosynthetic activity in forage sorghum plants reduces with increasing salinity, and this response was found in the ten genotypes evaluated. The chlorophyll and protein contents were not affected by salinity, whereas carbohydrates and amino acid contents increased with increasing ECw. Soluble sugars are essential for osmoregulation of forage sorghum due to its high content in leaves. RESUMO A adaptação das plantas a ambientes salinos depende da ativação de mecanismos que minimizam os efeitos do excesso de íons sobre processos vitais como a fotossíntese. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as trocas gasosas, teores de clorofila e de solutos orgânicos em genótipos de sorgo forrageiro irrigados com soluções de diferentes níveis de salinidade. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados dispostos em esquema fatorial 10 x 6, considerando dez genótipos: ‘F305’, ‘BRS 655’, BRS-610, ‘Volumax’, 1.015.045, 1.016.005, 1.016.009, 1.016.013, 1.016.015 e 1.016.031; e soluções com seis valores de condutividade elétrica (CEa): 0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5; 10 e 12,5 dS m-1, utilizando-se três repetições. O aumento da salinidade influenciou diretamente a redução da atividade fotosintética do sorgo forrageiro, sendo essas respostas semelhantes para os dez genótipos estudados. Os índices de clorofila e teores de proteínas não foram afetados com a salinidade, enquanto que os teores de açúcares solúveis totais, açúcares redutores e aminoácidos foram crescentes com o aumento da CEa. Devido a sua concentração nas folhas, os açúcares solúveis devem exercer papel predominante na osmorregulação dos genótipos de sorgo forrageiro.

INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION STRATEGIES ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ‘SYRAH’ WINE PRODUCED IN SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY VANESSA DE SOUZA OLIVEIRA1; GIULIANO ELIAS PEREIRA2; AUGUSTO MIGUEL NASCIMENTO LIMA1; ALESSANDRA MONTEIRO SALVIANO3; RUSSAIKA LÍRIO NASCIMENTO1 E LUÍS HENRIQUE BASSOI4 1Univasf, Colegiado de Engenharia e Ambienta, Avenida Antonio Carlos Magalhães, 510, 48902-300, Juazeiro - BA, Brasil. vanessa.soliveira@gmail.com, augusto.lima@univasf.edu.br, nrussaika@gmail.com 2Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Rua Livramento, 515, Caixa Postal 130, 95701-008, Bento Gonçalves - RS, Brasil. giuliano.pereira@embrapa.br 3Embrapa Semiárido, BR 428 km 152, Caixa Postal 23, 56302-970, Petrolina - PE, Brasil. alessandra.salviano@embrapa.br 4Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, Caixa Postal 741, 13560-970, São Carlos - SP, Brasil. luis.bassoi@embrapa.br 1 ABSTRACT Deficit irrigation is used to control grapevine vegetative vigor and the grape composition can be influenced by soil water content. The minerals contained in the grapes are responsible for the physicochemical properties and stability of the wine. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of irrigation strategies on the properties of ‘Syrah’ wines produced in São Francisco Valley, Brazil. The irrigation treatments used were FI (full irrigation), RDI (regulated deficit irrigation), and DI (deficit irrigation). Winemaking was performed by traditional methods, followed by stabilization and bottling. Density, alcohol content, pH, total and volatile acidity, total and free sulfur dioxide, total polyphenols index, color intensity, and total anthocyanin content were determined, as well as the contents of Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb. The properties of wines were influenced by irrigation strategies, except for the content of total anthocyanin, Mg, P, Na, Cu, and Mn. The contents of Cd, Cr, Fe, and Zn were similar in the vines. The wines demonstrated varied properties with different typicalities. Irrigation strategies can be recommended for different products, FI for young and cheap, and DI and RDI for aged and more expensive wines. Keywords: Vitis vinifera L., grape, water availability, tropical wine. OLIVEIRA, V. DE S.; PEREIRA, G. E.; LIMA, A. M. N.; SALVIANO, A. M.; NASCIMENTO, R. L. E BASSOI, L. H. INFLUÊNCIA DE ESTRATÉGIAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO NAS PROPRIEDADES FÍSICO-QUÍMICAS DO VINHO ‘SYRAH’ PRODUZIDO NO VALE DO SÃO FRANCISCO 2 RESUMO A irrigação com déficit é utilizada para controlar o vigor vegetativo da videira, e a composição da uva pode ser influenciada pela umidade do solo. Os minerais presentes nas uvas são responsáveis pelas propriedades físico-químicas e pela estabilidade do vinho. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de estratégias de irrigação sobre as propriedades do vinho ‘Syrah’ produzido no Vale do São Francisco, Brasil. As estratégias de irrigação utilizadas foram IP (irrigação plena), IDC (irrigação com déficit controlado) e ID (irrigação com déficit). A elaboração de vinhos foi realizada por métodos tradicionais, seguido de estabilização e engarrafamento. A densidade, teor de álcool, pH, acidez total e volátil, dióxido de total e livre de enxofre, o índice total de polifenóis, a intensidade da cor, conteúdo total de antocianina e concentrações de Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, Mn, Fe, Cu e Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni e Pb foram determinadas. As propriedades dos vinhos foram influenciadas pelas estratégias de irrigação, exceto os teores totais de antocianinas, e de Mg, P, Na, Cu e Mn. Os níveis de Cd, Cr, Fe e Zn foram semelhantes nos vinhos. Os vinhos demonstraram propriedades variadas com diferentes tipicidades. As estratégias de irrigação podem ser recomendadas para a obtenção de diferentes produtos, sendo a IP para vinhos jovens e baratos, e o ID e IDC para vinhos envelhecidos e mais caros. Palavras chave: Vitis vinifera L., uva, disponibilidade de água, vinho tropical.

Plant efficiency in developing specific mechanisms to survive under salt stress can vary significantly among genotypes, which implies different responses in growth and yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the salt tolerance of forage sorghum genotypes by analysis of growth variables correlated with the levels of Na+ and Cl- accumulated in the leaves. The research was carried out in a greenhouse belonging to the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) ? Semiarid, in Petrolina, Pernambuco state, Brazil. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with factorial arrangement 10x6 with ten genotypes (?F305?, ?BRS 655?, ?BRS 610?, ?Volumax?, ?1,015,045?, ?1,016,005?, ?1,016,009?, ?1,016,013?, ?1,016,015? and ?1,016. 031?), salt solutions with six levels of electrical conductivity (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 dS m-1) and three replications. The variables evaluated were dry mass and water content of the shoots and roots, plant height, stern diameter, leaf area and foliar concentration of Na+ and Cl-. It was found that the growth of forage sorghum genotypes is similarly affected due to the increase of Na+ and Cl- foliar contents. The growth of forage sorghum is reduced by 50% when the plants are submitted to the application of saline solution with electrical conductivity of 8 dS m-1. Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-11T00:37:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Welson12018.pdf: 773310 bytes, checksum: b1d436c213f05553dbb818de72c6b826 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-10

This study aimed to evaluate the dry matter production and accumulation of nutrients of the aerial phytomass of two types of plant mixtures and the spontaneous vegetation kept between the lines of a mango orchard, under two systems of soil management Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-02T23:16:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alessandra2017.pdf: 196237 bytes, checksum: ab12099a1a883eadde54642a692f2e18 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-01

The aim of this study was to assess the organic matter changes in quantity and quality, particularly of the humic fraction in the surface layer (0-20 cm), of a Typic Plinthustalf soil under different management of plant mixtures used as green manure for mango (Mangifera indica L.) crops. The plant mixtures, which were seeded between rows of mango trees, were formed by two groups of leguminous and non -leguminous plants. Prior to sowing, seeds were combined in different proportions and compositions constituting the following treatments: 100% non-leguminous species (NL); 100% leguminous species (L); 75% L and 25% NL; 50% L and 50% NL; 25% L and 75% NL; and 100% spontaneous vegetation, considered a control. The plant mixtures that grew between rows of mango trees caused changes in the chemical composition of the soil organic matter, especially for the treatments 50% L and 50% NL and 25% L and 75% NL, which increased the content of humic substances in the soil organic matter. However, the treatment 25% L and 75% NL was best at minimising loss of total organic carbon from the soil. The humic acids studied have mostly aliphatic characteristics, showing large amounts of carboxylic and nitrogen groups and indicating that most of the organic carbon was formed by humic substances, with fulvic acid dominating among the alkali soluble fractions. RESUMO - O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as mudanças na quantidade e qualidade da matéria orgânica, particularmente da fração húmica, na camada superficial (0-20 cm) de um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo sob diferentes coquetéis vegetais usados como adubação verde da cultura da mangueira (Mangifera indica L.). Os coquetéis vegetais, semeados nas entrelinhas das mangueiras, foram formados por dois grupos de espécies leguminosas e não-leguminosas. As sementes, antes da semeadura, foram combinadas em diferentes composições e proporções que constituíram os tratamentos: 100% de espécies não-leguminosas (NL); 100% de espécies leguminosas (L); 75% L e 25% NL; 50% L e 50% NL; 25% L e 75% NL; e 100% vegetação espontânea, considerado como testemunha. Constatou-se que a aplicação de coquetéis vegetais na entrelinha da cultura da mangueira promoveu alterações na composição química da matéria orgânica do solo, com destaque para os tratamentos 50% L e 50% NL e 25% L e 75% NL que aumentaram o conteúdo de substâncias húmicas na matéria orgânica do solo. Não obstante, o tratamento 25% L e 75% NL foi o indicado para minimizar as perdas de carbono orgânico total do solo. Os ácidos húmicos estudados são de característica mais alifática apresentando grande quantidade de grupos carboxílicos e nitrogenados e sendo a maior parte do carbono orgânico do solo constituído por substâncias húmicas, tendo a fração ácidos fúlvicos como dominante entre as frações alcalino solúveis.

Changes in soils management systems, including the application of green manure, are able to increase crop productivity. The aim of this study was to propose a soil management system with the use of green manure to improve the nutritional status and melon productivity in the submedian of the São Francisco Valley. The experiment was installed in Typic Plinthustalf and conducted in split plot. There were two soil tillage systems, tillage (T) and no tillage (NT), and three types of green manure (two vegetal cocktails: VC1- 75% legumes (L) + 25% non-legumes (NL); VC2- 25% L+ 75% NL and spontaneous vegetation (SV)). The experimental design was a randomised block with four replications. Fourteen species of legumes, grasses and oilseeds were used for the composition of the plant cocktails. We evaluated production of the dry shoot and root biomass and carbon and nutrient accumulation by green manures and melon plant. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the treatment means were compared by Tukey´s test (P