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This paper analyzes the impact of Society 5.0 on agricultural business and innovation, proposing a new paradigm for rural development. Society 5.0 represents the evolution beyond previous societal models, aiming to harmonize economic progress with solutions to social issues through the integration of cyberspace and physical space. Central to this model is the application of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, big data, and augmented reality. The study focuses on the significant changes within agricultural practices and business models. Through a review and analysis of current trends, the paper presents a theoretical framework The paper also proposes the Agricultural Business and Rural Development Potential (ABRDP) index as guide for future trends and potential outcomes in the agricultural domain, offering insights into optimistic, conservative, and pessimistic scenarios for rural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the impact of Society 5.0 on agricultural business and innovation, proposing a new paradigm for rural development. Society 5.0 represents the evolution beyond previous societal models, aiming to harmonize economic progress with solutions to social issues through the integration of cyberspace and physical space. Central to this model is the application of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, big data, and augmented reality. The study focuses on the significant changes within agricultural practices and business models. Through a review and analysis of current trends, the paper presents a theoretical framework The paper also proposes the Agricultural Business and Rural Development Potential (ABRDP) index as guide for future trends and potential outcomes in the agricultural domain, offering insights into optimistic, conservative, and pessimistic scenarios for rural development.

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This research examined the relationship between sex and the agricultural entrepreneurship characteristics of undergraduate Indian university students. This research employed a theoretical structure focusing on personal factors influencing agri-entrepreneurship. In 2021, from 619 students \ data was collected through a Google survey. The collected data were evaluated and juxtaposed with percentages, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Male students (66.13%) outnumbered female students (33.91%) in the School of Agriculture. Entrepreneurial attributes existed among agri-undergraduate students. Significantly correlated traits associated with entrepreneurship were creativity (? = .311), initiative taking, (? = .188 with planning), decision-making ability (? = .250), risk-taking propensity (? = .154), competitiveness (? = .172), and pressure coping (? = .145). Sex does not affect the supervisory role. A significant association existed between ‘gender’ (?²=112.37) and ‘trustworthiness’ (likelihood ratio=21.55). ‘Gender’ and ‘perceived trustworthiness’ levels are unlikely to occur by chance alone. Further exploration into this underrepresented area of research is imperative to guide the formulation of targeted educational strategies that enhance the development of entrepreneurial competencies within this demographic. This investigation distinguishes itself by exploring gender-centric variables to provide insight into entrepreneurial attributes within a cohort of undergraduate scholars engaged in agricultural studies.

The subject of the research is the study of Ukraine's food security and the potential for improving it. Methodology. The article uses general scientific and specific methods of economic research: the method of content analysis (when processing scientific sources and reviewing the thematic literature, deduction and induction); abstract and logical method (when identifying problematic aspects of ensuring the country's food security, substantiating conclusions and proposals); the method of statistical calculations of regression economics (when substantiating the economic and mathematical model of food security, calculating the indicator of the actual state of self-sufficiency in food security). The purpose of the study is to assess the level of food security achieved by Ukraine and to identify the main factors that affect the potential for its possible improvement. Conclusion. Ukraine has significant potential to ensure food security at the national and European levels. However, over the past two years, Ukraine has lost its position in the global food security ranking according to the GFSI. The main problematic aspects that led to this are as follows: irrational use of land and labour resources, aging and migration of the rural population; sharp loss of agricultural biodiversity; high level of chemicalisation of agricultural production; loss of the potential for quality reproduction of agricultural land; significant inclusive gaps within rural areas; low level of funding for agricultural science and a predominantly raw material, agrarian orientation. The main reason for the downgrade of Ukraine's GFSI rating in 2022 was the ongoing military operations in the country. Despite the existing problematic aspects, the Ukrainian agricultural sector showed the highest level of sustainable development compared to other types of economic activity. The share of profitable enterprises in the sector was 79%. Ukraine is currently self-sufficient in food security for almost all types of agricultural products. The constructed economic-mathematical model showed a high degree of dependence of food security on such factors as the total value of assets of agricultural formations, the value of fixed assets and the amount of profit. It was determined that the key condition for increasing the potential for ensuring food security in Ukraine, both at the national and European level, should be the social responsibility of agribusiness and raising the level of sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas.

The research subject is the social responsibility of agribusinesses in the context of current corporate governance practices. Methodology. The study uses the following methods of economic research: content analysis method (when processing scientific sources and reviewing thematic literature); abstract and logical method (when substantiating the defining principles and criteria of social responsibility of business entities in the agricultural sector); statistical observations and economical and statistical calculations (when analysing indicators of the achieved state of social responsibility of agricultural companies); abstract and logical method (when substantiating conclusions to the study). The research is aimed at finding tools to increase the social responsibility of agrarian business through the transformation of the corporate culture of agricultural management of Ukrainian companies. Conclusion. Ukraine has a strong agricultural potential. However, achieving national and global sustainable development goals, which are relevant shortly, requires a change in business values and strategic guidelines. Such values should be aimed at solving the problems of protecting the environment, preserving natural resources, improving the quality and safety of agri-food products, and improving the quality of life of the rural population. The solution to these problems is inextricably linked to voluntary, socially responsible agribusiness initiatives. The analysis carried out showed that there is a high level of agribusiness social responsibility in the management of the activities of large-scale agricultural enterprises in Ukraine, which is reflected in the voluntary non-financial reports. In small- and medium-sized agribusinesses, the perception of the need for social responsibility is limited and constrained by a lack of financial resources. The calculated indicators show a low level of social responsibility in the agricultural business of small- and medium-sized agricultural enterprises in Ukraine. The level of chemicalisation of agricultural production and ploughing of agricultural land is high. There are significant problems with the use of rural labour resources and the development of rural areas. The main problems were identified in the spectrum of irrational use of land and labour resources and the low quality of life of the population in rural areas of Ukraine. The processes of recognition of the values and benefits of socially responsible agribusiness in Ukraine are slow. As a tool for increasing the social responsibility of agribusinesses in Ukraine, a system of principles and criteria of socially responsible business is proposed for implementation in the corporate governance of Ukrainian agribusinesses.

This article is an attempt to respond to the question if the current regulations of the Local Taxes and Fees Act are sufficient to determine the tax consequences of the agrophotovoltaic activity. At the beginning of the article, the concept of agrophotovoltaics and its benefits in relation to both the conditions of conducting business activity and electricity generation are presented. The later part of the article treats the legal and tax consequences of the agrophotovoltaic business, which depend on the taxpayer's attitude to obtaining profits from the agrophotovoltaic business in relation to the simultaneously conducted agricultural business. For the section of the article on the agrophotovoltaic business itself, an analysis of English-language academic articles that describe the experience of this type of business was used. A critical analysis of the existing jurisprudence of the administrative courts was used to present the legal and tax implications.

The article contains an analysis of the established practices of attracting financing through the issuance of bonds on the example of companies in the agricultural and food sectors of the countries included in the Arctic zone: Denmark, Iceland, Canada, Norway, Russia, Finland, Sweden. The goal is to compile profiles of the bond market of individual countries and identify existing patterns. The research sample included 60 companies producing food products, which are also issuing companies in the debt market for the period 2015-2022. Conclusions are drawn, there are common institutional features in almost all the countries considered. Russia is characterized by an atypically large number of bonds placed, high market inertia, and high borrowing costs. On the Canadian market, the bond placement period is on average much shorter with a sufficiently large capital of organizations. In Canada, Denmark and Norway, there is a picture of hyper-concentration of the market with a focus on institutional investors. The situation is approximately similar with a much smaller number of bonds in Sweden, Iceland and Finland. The necessity of increasing the availability of the placed debt for private domestic investors was noted.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on changes in agricultural enterprise corporate strategies. The study also aims to identify their potential implications in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic's spread. The most important research method is monitoring. The results of monitoring reflect the efficiency of agricultural production processes before and during the COVID-19 crisis. The studied country exemplifies agricultural business development under favorable natural resource conditions. In the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the corporate strategies of Kazakhstan's five largest agricultural enterprises were analyzed. The materials for the analysis were the databases of these enterprises' official websites. The analysis rested on a forecasting model based on a trend line. The results suggest that the efforts to adapt corporate strategies to the COVID-19 imperatives aim to balance and restore the economic activity of agricultural enterprises. This task requires strategies for reducing secondary costs, investing in high-growth areas, micro supply chains, and management system transformation. In practice, the findings can be useful for policymakers and managers in the agricultural sector of the economy. The study presents additional information on how to better support agricultural enterprises during and after the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Food security pressure, especially in urban areas, continues to rise due to surging demand for food resulting from a growing population and declining resources. It has been critical to improve crop production and make food readily available to consumers without traveling long distances in an economically sustainable manner. The novel GREENBOX technology uses Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) principles for leafy green crop production in urban structures. A GREENBOX is an individual thermally insulated chamber with an artificial lighting source and a soilless cultivation system (hydroponics) in an environment that is controlled at the grower's discretion. This study performed a financial feasibility study of GREENBOX technology for urban crop production in various scenarios to evaluate the system's profitability from an individual business's perspective and used market prices of the goods and services paid for or received by a project. The representative GREENBOX unit in the base case scenario had dimensions of a standard shipping pallet (1.0 x 1.2 x 0.9 m, or 40 x 48 x 36 in) and included thermally insulated walls, an LED artificial lighting source, a camera for monitoring growth, a Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) hydroponic growth platform, and an environmental monitoring and control system. A warehouse can host numerous GREENBOX units for mass production. We carried out a benefit-cost analysis by assessing the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PP). These parameters were evaluated for a base case scenario from data collected or estimated for a representative GREENBOX unit. We also applied the base case scenario to investigate the financial performance of the GREENBOX setup in selected urban areas in the United States; New York City (New York), Miami (Florida), Los Angeles (California), Dallas (Texas), Atlanta (Georgia), Chicago (Illinois), Boston (Massachusetts), and Philadelphia (Pennsylvania). We then carried out a sensitivity analysis on NPV, IRR, and PP by keeping all the parameters in the base case scenario invariant except for one at a time. We obtained a summary equation to understand the variation of the financial parameters with changing lettuce sale price, electricity cost, rental cost, labor cost, and the number of GREENBOX units. A GREENBOX unit would require an initial investment of $398 to assemble and an annual outflow of $157 to cover operating expenses. GREENBOX cultivation was financially viable in the base case scenario and in all the cities studied, with varying degrees of financial performance. The sensitivity analysis revealed that GREENBOX cultivation was financially viable in all scenarios except when skilled labor costs were beyond $19/hr, and there were fewer than 300 GREENBOX units. A statistically significant regression equation was derived in which rising rental costs, labor costs, and electricity prices negatively impacted the NPV, while the rising lettuce sales price and the number of GREENBOX units positively impacted the NPV. GREENBOX farming may serve as a local source of fresh crops for urban customers, with various benefits including improved food security, greater freshness and nutrition of food, the potential to contribute to the local economy by the creation of jobs and revenues from sales, and educational opportunities through extension programs on food nutrition and production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article contains an analysis of the established practices of attracting financing through the issuance of bonds on the example of companies in the agricultural and food sectors of the countries included in the Arctic zone: Denmark, Iceland, Canada, Norway, Russia, Finland, Sweden. The goal is to compile profiles of the bond market of individual countries and identify existing patterns. The research sample included 60 companies producing food products, which are also issuing companies in the debt market for the period 2015-2022. Conclusions are drawn, there are common institutional features in almost all the countries considered. Russia is characterized by an atypically large number of bonds placed, high market inertia, and high borrowing costs. On the Canadian market, the bond placement period is on average much shorter with a sufficiently large capital of organizations. In Canada, Denmark and Norway, there is a picture of hyper-concentration of the market with a focus on institutional investors. The situation is approximately similar with a much smaller number of bonds in Sweden, Iceland and Finland. The necessity of increasing the availability of the placed debt for private domestic investors was noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the key problems of the modern agricultural sector of the national economy is the achievement of stable economic growth. In this context, the system of credit and investment support occupies the main place in the expanded reproduction of this priority industry for the economy of Ukraine. The research aims to review the main trends in credit and investment provision of the agrarian sector of the national economy and to determine further investigations in this direction. It has been established that for the formation of an effective system of credit and investment support for the agricultural sector, it is necessary to consider such positions as the influence of bank lending and climate shocks on the investment decisions of farmers, global and regional trends in the direction of the gross accumulation of fixed capital and fixed assets in agriculture, mechanisms for fixing conditions for the transfer of investment resources for use by agro-industrial companies, financial inequality between the urbanized and rural areas. It has been proven that bank lending is the key tool in all forms of credit and investment support for the agricultural sector. This is especially true during the period of martial law in Ukraine. Using the method of economic and mathematical modelling, it can be argued that bank lending is a strategic financial resource in the formation of credit and investment support for the agricultural sector. A system of credit and investment support is proposed, which is primarily based on the improvement of the system of state regulation of the agrarian sector. It has been proven that to increase the level of effectiveness of the system of credit and investment provision of the agricultural sector, attention should be paid to such an instrument as project financing and a review of the very structural composition of the state regulation of agricultural production, considering the practice of European Union. Such approaches can be used by state authorities when developing a strategy for the development of the agrarian sector in the conditions of martial law and the post-war period, as well as making infrastructural changes in the process of interaction between the banking and agrarian sectors of the national economy

Agricultural businesses in the Enrekang District, especially in the Alla District, are growing rapidly. This was followed by the development of agricultural facilities businesses, such as the sale of inorganic fertilizers carried out by the Gapoktan group. The purpose of this study was to find out how the Gapoktan business group provides fertilizer for farmers and analyze the breakeven point (BEP) of the fertilizer sales business. This research uses a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. This study describes the state of the liquid inorganic fertilizer business when it reaches the BEP point. The results showed that the business must be able to sell liquid inorganic fertilizer as much as 200 liters per day to reach the BEP point. With a selling price of Rp10,000 per liter, the business can make a profit if it can sell more than 200 liters of fertilizer per day. By knowing the value of BEP, business management can make strategic decisions to increase business and profits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. This paper deals with analysis and assessment of the risks specific to the agricultural business under conditions of macroeconomic uncertainty associated with the war unleashed by russia on the territory of Ukraine. The performed study included the stability analysis of the agricultural holdings in Ukraine before and after the shock period, and their investment attractiveness. Methodology / approach. In the research process, a combination of methods of risk analysis of Ukrainian agricultural holdings during the shock period and the speed of recovery of their investment attractiveness was proposed. Daily stock rates of selected agricultural holdings served as information support for calculations. The sample was subdivided into three periods: before the shock, which was characterized by a certain level of stability; the shock period caused by the war; and the recovery period after the shock. The study was carried out with the use of the shock depth indication and the recovery level following the shock, the risk analysis based on VaR and CVaR approach and forecasting of further liquidity curve of the agricultural producers based on Holt-Winters’ model. Results. The depth of the fall in the shock period (Sd) and the level of recovery after the shock period (Rl) for agricultural holdings of Ukraine have been established. The Sd indicator ranged from -44 % to 71 %, and Rl averaged 56 %, which confirmed the insignificant level of recovery of capitalization of agricultural holdings. Positive trends of overcoming the shock period were established for all studied agricultural holdings of Ukraine. A significant difference in the liquidity of assets of agricultural holdings was revealed. Originality / scientific novelty. The originality of the research is the approbation of a set of methods that allow simultaneously considering various features of the manifestation of risks caused by russian full-scale armed aggression. Practical value / implications. The practical value of the research lies in the determination of the negative impact of the risks of shock periods and the assessment of the investment attractiveness of agricultural holdings, which can be used for decision-making. The proposed approaches can be recommended for the analysis of other agricultural enterprises and for potential investors in other periods of significant changes and in the post-war period.

In the national economies of many countries, especially developing ones, agriculture represents a significant share of GDP. The relevance of the issue stated in the study is due to the fact that the marketing strategy of agricultural enterprises is the most important element of their management system, which contributes to the sustainable development of agriculture and provision of the population with better quality food products. The need to increase the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises among similar ones also contributes to the development of agricultural technologies for obtaining high quality and environmentally friendly products. The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature of a modern agricultural company’s marketing strategy. The leading method for investigating this issue is the empirical method, namely examining the practice of marketing strategy in agriculture. As a result of the study, it has been established that a marketing strategy in the agricultural sector should make an enterprise stand out from its competitors through non-price methods. This is primarily due to the peculiarity of agricultural products – they are quite homogeneous, standardised and subject to state regulation not only in terms of safety, but also in terms of conformity with their name. It has been revealed that due to current trends in modern society regarding the need for environmentally friendly production and healthy lifestyles, it is desirable to include these elements in an agricultural company’s marketing strategy. Serious work needs to be done to improve the brand image and the image of the producer. These marketing techniques enable an agricultural company to stand out from its competitors and keep prices and demand at the required level. The results of this marketing strategy make it possible to turn a standardised, uniform product from an agricultural producer into an exclusive, special, high-end product

Agricultural product network marketing still has problems such as weak infrastructure, incomplete logistics system, and unremarkable product brand, and there is a little combination of basic theory and practice. In order to improve the marketing effect of agricultural products, based on the intelligent recommendation algorithm, this paper combines data mining technology to construct an intelligent agricultural product business and product marketing recommendation model. Moreover, from the perspective of users and commodities, this paper proposes a general method of reordering recommendation results. In addition, this paper understands the results from the user perspective and the results from the commodity perspective as row sorting and column sorting respectively, and designs a linear fusion method of row sorting matrix and column sorting matrix to obtain new recommendation results. Finally, this paper constructs a framework model for agricultural product promotion, and analyses the performance of the model constructed in this paper from an experimental perspective. On the whole, the agricultural product marketing model constructed in this paper is effective.

To expand agricultural business and upgrade the effects of product marketing, supported by the concept of smart agricultural, this paper introduces us the methods to undertake agricultural business promotion and build up product marketing system in combination with big data technology and machine learning technology, put forward the application of fuzzy c-means algorithm in the agricultural marketing data. The algorithm is a clustering algorithm that uses degree of membership function to determine which cluster each data point belongs to; thus to build up a basic model of smart agriculture based on actual situation, and integrate the agricultural business promotion and agricultural products marketing, as important function modules, into the agricultural products marketing system; and then the process of this system is analysed before the frame of the overall system is shaped; based on which, system performance verification is conducted by designed test. From the research, the agricultural business promotion and products marketing system based on smart agriculture have some positive effect.

Spatial aspects are often crucial for agriculture-related companies. This paper presents how methods of spatial analysis can help to elaborate regional network planning strategy for a large agricultural bank. Corporate reporting microdata, a novel source for the research of Russian business, were processed and visualized with geographical information system (GIS). The overlay of agribusiness clusters and bank accessibility zones revealed uneven patterns of its current branch network. This approach was applicable as a first step for the location choice strategy. The results allowed us to propose a new office location in order to cover territories for the further development of the bank.

Sustainable farming is based on social, economic, environment and psychological viability that enhance economic growth and reduce poverty improve farmers livelihood and wellbeing in the project impact communities. Study intended to investigate the opinions of farmers on tree farming agribusiness on its impact on their livelihood and wellbeing. Study involves cross-sectional research design and the primary field data was collected from local communities of PNG Biomass project impact area in Markham Valley of Huon Gulf District, Papua New Guinea (PNG). Both qualitative and quantitative method are being used to collect primary field data. The main data collection instrument were survey questionnaires, interview, and field observation and assessment. The study selected 10% of total sampling population of 500 tree farmers in order to collect data, analysis data and provide solution to the research problem. The primary data from the field were analysised, processed and interpreted using Ms excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Findings about farmers' view on farm sustainability founds that farming for income was ranked highest, and farming for improving ecosystem and bio-physical environment were ranked lowest. Further study into farmers' household unit living standard and wellbeing using Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) shows that farmers in Markham Valley were found to be multidimensionally poor. Study recommends for wider community awareness about importance of PNG Biomass tree farming project. Study also recommends for financial literacy training that may improve farmers' knowledge in farm income management, usage and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern world, economic relations that arise between business entities are increasingly influenced by social relations, which become dominant and determine the role and relevance of local social responsibility (LSR).The aim of the article is to explore conceptual approaches to formation of corporate social responsibility in the agrarian sector. The article analyzes the main modern conceptual approaches that influence formation of social responsibility. A conceptual model for forming social responsibility in the agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy is created. It is established that forming social responsibility is possible provided that all levels of interaction are included. It is proved that the impact of social responsibility on the agrarian sector manifests itself through four levels of functioning. It is justified that each next level cannot be developed without the functioning of the previous one. The system of tools for enhancing local social responsibility by certain areas of an agrarian enterprise’s activities, in particular: technical, technological, economic, environmental and individual ones, is built. The list of agents of local social responsibility in the agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy is supplemented, taking into account the criteria of the ISO standards. Based on the studies, it is found that the adoption of practices of local social responsibility in Ukraine is limited due to lack of information.

To expand agricultural business and upgrade the effects of product marketing, supported by the concept of smart agricultural, this paper introduces us the methods to undertake agricultural business promotion and build up product marketing system in combination with big data technology and machine learning technology, put forward the application of fuzzy c-means algorithm in the agricultural marketing data. The algorithm is a clustering algorithm that uses degree of membership function to determine which cluster each data point belongs to; thus to build up a basic model of smart agriculture based on actual situation, and integrate the agricultural business promotion and agricultural products marketing, as important function modules, into the agricultural products marketing system; and then the process of this system is analysed before the frame of the overall system is shaped; based on which, system performance verification is conducted by designed test. From the research, the agricultural business promotion and products marketing system based on smart agriculture have some positive effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial aspects are often crucial for agriculture-related companies. This paper presents how methods of spatial analysis can help to elaborate regional network planning strategy for a large agricultural bank. Corporate reporting microdata, a novel source for the research of Russian business, were processed and visualized with geographical information system (GIS). The overlay of agribusiness clusters and bank accessibility zones revealed uneven patterns of its current branch network. This approach was applicable as a first step for the location choice strategy. The results allowed us to propose a new office location in order to cover territories for the further development of the bank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural product network marketing still has problems such as weak infrastructure, incomplete logistics system, and unremarkable product brand, and there is a little combination of basic theory and practice. In order to improve the marketing effect of agricultural products, based on the intelligent recommendation algorithm, this paper combines data mining technology to construct an intelligent agricultural product business and product marketing recommendation model. Moreover, from the perspective of users and commodities, this paper proposes a general method of reordering recommendation results. In addition, this paper understands the results from the user perspective and the results from the commodity perspective as row sorting and column sorting respectively, and designs a linear fusion method of row sorting matrix and column sorting matrix to obtain new recommendation results. Finally, this paper constructs a framework model for agricultural product promotion, and analyses the performance of the model constructed in this paper from an experimental perspective. On the whole, the agricultural product marketing model constructed in this paper is effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small business in the Russian Federation is actively developing not only in large cities, but also in small rural settlements. This is facilitated by the demand for agricultural products grown in ecologically clean territory. In addition, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation is developing support programs for rural entrepreneurs, which allows you to start a business without high costs. This paper discusses farming in detail as the form of small agricultural business. The theoretical part involves an analysis of the essence of the concept of a farm, the legislative aspect, the process of opening and the difference from other forms of management. From a practical point of view, the place of farms in the Russian Federation was determined in the structure of agricultural production. The study was conducted by systemic and monographic methods. As a result, the advantages, disadvantages and prospects for the development of farming in Russia were identified.

The article is devoted to formulating such definition as "agricultural business" in the legal context. It is highlighted that agroindustrial complex and agricultural business are not identical things, first of all because of different orientation of economic activity. The social and economic content of agricultural business was revealed. Different approaches to the disclosure of the essence of agricultural business are considered, such as: subjective, functional, in the context of a certain type of relations. As a result, the author's definition of the study category was proposed. Аgribusiness includes: relations concerning the production of agricultural products, raw materials; all relations related to the processing, storage, transportation and sale of manufactured products; relations with logistical and scientific support of agricultural producers. Аgribusiness from a legal point of view, then in a generalized form it can be defined as an activity that is carried out systematically for profit in the process of production, processing, storage, transportation and sale of agricultural products and raw materials.

Calculation of product costs is the source of information on the costs of selected produced products with great explanatory power. In current practice, the overhead costs on farms are monitored and calculated by species. They are allocated using an allocation base (average state of the animals, harvested area in hectares) or are converted using direct costs of the activity as an allocation base. With the current high level of overheads, this method cannot be considered effective. Only type classifications are monitored and are therefore anonymous in relation to activities. We consider high overhead costs as a good reason for implementing and using the methods of Activity Based Costing. In this paper we present a proposed model of Activity Based Costing for its use in agriculture, created in MS Excel. We create the model as a basic version, which can be more closely defined depending on the particular conditions of the business implementing the model. We complete the general model for better illustration with figures on costs. We present a comparison of model results with the traditional approach of calculating costs in agriculture. One of the biggest benefits of the ABC system is the binding of costs from accounts, activities performed and the cost of products in one system. We present a statistical comparison of model results with the traditional approach of calculating costs in agriculture.

The background of this study is that Dewa Starfruit as a local resource in Depok City is threatened with extinction. The absence of regulations that protect these local resources and high rate of land use conversion causes decreasing number of starfruit plants and production. Starfruit farmers tend to switch professions to non-agricultural occupations. In national level, the largest number of agricultural business households experienced the greatest decline in horticulture subsector by 37.4% (Agricultural Census 2013). The elected regional head has branded Depok City with the tagline "friendly city" replacing Dewa Starfruit. The government's orientation and support for Dewa starfruit is fading away. Therefore, Depok City Government, especially DKP3, need to develop local resource-based agriculture development plan in order to be able to maintain local resources while improving it for society welfare. This research uses qualitative approach. The research informants were DKP3 apparatus of Depok City, Bappeda (Regional Government) apparatus of Depok City, field officer and farmer group. Data collection techniques used in-depth interviews and documentary studies. Data analysis utilized interactive model. Research results indicate that the development of local resource-based agricultural development plans has not gone well. Despite various supporting factors, there are existing inhibiting factors which are land use conversion had never been discussed; DKP3 Depok City efforts to safeguard agricultural issues in musrenbang has not been optimal; no field data update, either by couseling workers or farmers; DKP3 Depok City prioritized RPL activity; uneducated farmers; and absence of regional head support.

The article systematized the most widely spread models of agricultural enterprises’ functioning and presents the authors’ algorithm how to stimulate further development of socioeconomic rural territories in Ukraine under the conditions of the ongoing political and economic decentralization. Attention is also focused on similar experience and development trends in Poland, since borrowing this experience might be helpful for Ukraine while taking into account socioeconomic, ethnical cultural and climatic features of agricultural enterprises’ functioning along with the most pressing needs of their local communities. The authors present here their own step-by-step approach to designing the model of agricultural business development in the context of harmonizing the interests of farmers on one side and united territorial communities on the other.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on changes in agricultural enterprise corporate strategies. The study also aims to identify their potential implications in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic's spread. The most important research method is monitoring. The results of monitoring reflect the efficiency of agricultural production processes before and during the COVID-19 crisis. The studied country exemplifies agricultural business development under favorable natural resource conditions. In the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the corporate strategies of Kazakhstan's five largest agricultural enterprises were analyzed. The materials for the analysis were the databases of these enterprises' official websites. The analysis rested on a forecasting model based on a trend line. The results suggest that the efforts to adapt corporate strategies to the COVID-19 imperatives aim to balance and restore the economic activity of agricultural enterprises. This task requires strategies for reducing secondary costs, investing in high-growth areas, micro supply chains, and management system transformation. In practice, the findings can be useful for policymakers and managers in the agricultural sector of the economy. The study presents additional information on how to better support agricultural enterprises during and after the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

An important challenge today is to strengthen food security and improve people's lives through increasing competitive products. The crucial vector of forming food security is activities of agricultural business, which are directly responsible to the people for providing sufficient high-quality food. In terms of the desire of Ukraine to integrate as a full partner in the European and world community, the problem of food security is of special significance. The need for food security of Ukraine requires maintaining an appropriate level of food self-sufficiency, which involves the use of state support for domestic agricultural producers and measures of import controls to protect own producers from foreign competition. Subject. The combination of theoretical, methodological approaches and organizational measures to create mechanisms in order to ensure food security at regional level. Methods. Methods of comparison, analysis, theoretical and logical synthesis, graphical method are used. The methodological basis is a comprehensive research method. Purpose. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the need to develop mechanisms to ensure food security of regions in transition to the concept of sustainable development. Results. It is established that the priorities of sustainable development of the agricultural sector in the region are the formation of food security, at the same time, a set of principles is defined that ensure sustainable development of regions; food security indicators are formed for the people of the region. Components of mechanisms are proposed, which regulate food security of regions and contribute to provision of the population with quality products in sufficient quantity. It is found that the basis for monitoring food security in the region and development of mechanisms to ensure it is the reproduction approach that will help to reveal the totality of processes of “production-distributionexchange- consumption” in the defined territory, and to develop a mechanism of management on this basis. Creation of the Complex Regional Program for Food Quality and Security Assurance is proposed, which should include issues of improving mechanisms of protection of the regional food market from low-quality and dangerous products; creation of economic, institutional and social conditions, and mechanisms of wide implementation at the enterprise level of the quality and environment management system as the most effective tool for ensuring quality and security of products meeting the requirements and expectations of consumers.

The goal of the paper was to define recommendations of a suitable business strategy for SMEs in the area of primary agricultural production. First, the external environment was analysed to define suitable recommendations for the industry, and also to discover opportunities and threats through fitting strategic analyses, that affect the aforementioned businesses. Secondly, it was necessary to get familiar with the internal environment and functioning of specific businesses in the industry (namely those that operate in the Western region of Prostějov at the foot of the Drahanska Highlands) and to evaluate their efficiency to define their strengths and weaknesses. The paper demonstrates that there is a wide range of means that can be taken advantage of when defining fitting strategies for agricultural businesses, e.g. the Porter's Five Forces Model, the IFE and the IE Matrix, the SWOT Matrix as well as the general strategies by Ansoff. Among the most important recommendations for increasing the competitiveness of SMEs in the agricultural industry, there belong: taking advantage of all the suitable agricultural subsidies, taking advantage of accredited agricultural advisors, making sure that the legal requirements of governmental bodies are met, increasing revenues for arable farming (through a good quality seed stock, chemicals and fertilizers, the foundation of suitable storage facilities in order to postpone the sales of the grain after the harvest season), creating sales cooperatives/associations to balance the competing force of buyers, rejuvenating the workforce, solidifying the ownership structure in the businesses, entrepreneurial diversification (electrical energy production), increasing quality in animal farming.

The present article estimates the resource potential of the agriculture, and reveals basic factors affecting agricultural production and agrarian market in the region. The author defines the reserves related to increasing the economic efficiency of the AIC subjects. It determines multiplicative change and reveals the factors that affect the stability and efficiency of the development of the organizational and economic mechanism of the agricultural business. The research of the resource potential of the Stavropol Territory proves high potential of the region’s agricultural business development. The work specifies that there is a stable tendency of the increase in the efficiency of the agricultural production. The author makes the conclusion that subject to support of state structures it is necessary to create conditions for the agricultural business, stimulate the implementation of intensive power saving technologies, reduce the deficit of productive capacities to store and process agricultural products, ensure the inflow of qualified personnel in organizations of the AIC, make financial resources more accessible, increase the volumes of the financial support for large, medium- and small-sized agricultural organizations, and create a long-term program of implementing the intervention program on the agrarian market.

Calculation of product costs is the source of information on the costs of selected produced products with great explanatory power. In current practice, the overhead costs on farms are monitored and calculated by species. They are allocated using an allocation base (average state of the animals, harvested area in hectares) or are converted using direct costs of the activity as an allocation base. With the current high level of overheads, this method cannot be considered effective. Only type classifications are monitored and are therefore anonymous in relation to activities. We consider high overhead costs as a good reason for implementing and using the methods of Activity Based Costing. In this paper we present a proposed model of Activity Based Costing for its use in agriculture, created in MS Excel. We create the model as a basic version, which can be more closely defined depending on the particular conditions of the business implementing the model. We complete the general model for better illustration with figures on costs. We present a comparison of model results with the traditional approach of calculating costs in agriculture. One of the biggest benefits of the ABC system is the binding of costs from accounts, activities performed and the cost of products in one system. We present a statistical comparison of model results with the traditional approach of calculating costs in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Value creation is at the core of business model (BM) research, but the link between BM and value creation remains unclear. In this work, empirical data on BM transformation towards sustainable value creation in the agri-food sector, were obtained through case studies. Factors in BM transformation were identified, transformations in different BM segments were analysed and sustainable value created through these transformations was assessed. Factors such as owner-manager mind-set, experiences of sustainability and market pressures were found to drive transformation. All cases performed generic and case-specific transformation activities, with an animal welfare ethos and sustainable solutions for distribution and transport being central for all firms. Differences in strategies and cooperation derived mainly from the geographical and micro-context. While exhibiting innovativeness, the sustainable value created was predominantly within the current time horizon. Holistic integration of sustainability into core business was challenging for the farms, due to lack of knowledge and systemic approach to sustainability. All farms expressed a desire for learning and exchange of knowledge, a gap not met by other institutions in the sector. Six directions for future research on sustainable value creation through BM transformation are suggested. • Current theoretical base for sustainable value creation by BM transformation is weak. • Sustainable value creation in the agri-food sector was explored. • Factors, BM transformation activities and sustainable value creation were assessed. • A framework for sustainable value creation in the agri-food sector was developed. • Future research areas to advance BM theory and practice were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bulgarian economy is part of the global economic system. The foregoing leads to the diffusion of capital, products, innovation, ideas, partnerships. The Bulgarian agricultural sector is the basis of the country's economic development. Enterprise management in the sector is set to diverse challenges. Effective management is associated with the entity's accounting and financial system. This study examines the current state and prospects of the business management of the agricultural sector in Bulgaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urgency of the research. Effective functioning of agricultural sector in Ukraine requires activation of complementary mechanism of state regulation of socio-economic protection of agrarian business in order to develop appropriate public policy able to mobilize factors of food and economic security at different levels that allow accomplishing appropriate transformation throughout the country. Target setting. The peculiarity and nature of socioeconomic processes in the agricultural business, which is a problem nowadays, the effect of factors and the existence of restrictions for growth cause changes in the state regulation of socio-economic protection of the agricultural business. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The problem of economic protection of agribusiness entities` interests is developed in the works of I. Banaeva, O. Vishnevska, V. Heets, I. Hrishova, A. Kluchnik, M. Krupka, M. Malik, A. Melnik, O. Novikov, V. Pohrischuk, P. Sabluk, O. Shebanina, T. Scherbata, I. Cherven, V. Yatsenko and others. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Despite significant scientific achievements, recent publications analysis indicates the need to study the complementary mechanism of socio-economic protection of the agricultural business. The research objective. The aim of the article is to structure the directions of activation of complementary mechanism of socio-economic interests of agricultural business protection The statement of basic materials. The ways and approaches to the implementation of state mechanism of socioeconomic protection of agricultural business are grounded on the basis of generalization of theoretical basis and the content of complementarity. The strategic directions of improvement of regulatory policy in the context of complementary mechanism of socio-economic protection of agricultural business activation are suggested and grounded. Conclusions. The measures suggested within the activation of state complementary mechanism of regulation of socioeconomic protection of agricultural business provide efficient, socially-oriented development of the agricultural sector and ensure a stable provision of population with qualitative and safe domestic products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urgency of the research. Modern trends of dynamic increase of world food markets competition motivate a fundamental revision of the traditional concept of Ukraine`s agricultural enterprises management with a clear positioning accounting and information support parameters. Target setting. Implementation of accounting and analytical innovation to develop new information processing methodological tools of strategic nature is a current tendency of improving accounting and information support of agricultural enterprises strategic management. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Information support of strategic management issues are outlined in the scientific works of such scholars as: I. Bohata, M. Bromvich, V. Hovindaradzhan, H. Krokhicheva, S. Lehenchuk, A. Pylypenko, M. Pushkar, B. Raiana, K. Uord, A. Shaikan, Dzh. Shank. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Published scientific papers do not reflect the specificity of the problems and the parameters of the local system of accounting and analytical support for strategic agricultural enterprises management. The research objective. Current issues are identified in the article, the range of the basic parameters of accounting and information support of Ukraine`s agricultural enterprises strategic management is specified and justified. The statement of basic materials. Agribusiness peculiarity and its impact on the accounting and information support of managerial decision-making have been substantiated. Requirements of the strategic positioning and the basic parameters of the leadership strategy have been differentiated. The dynamics of consequences of the company response to changes in the external business environment has been studied. Parameters of accounting and information support of Ukraine`s agricultural enterprises strategic management have been identified. Conclusions. Compliance with the above parameters will enable creation of the prerequisites for intellectualization and innovatization accounting and enterprise information system as a primary source of information for the needs of strategic management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the result of economic activity of agricultural businesses of legal entities in the Czech Republic within the period of the years 2004–2010. First, the main factors that affect the result of economic activity are identified, and subsequently their effect is quantified. The analysis is based on sectional data from the databases of the Creditinfo company monitor and HBI Czech Republic; on average, 2314 businesses were examined within each year. The analysis showed a significant effect of only some factors, which were indicated as the main determinants of the result of economic activity. In the long-term, the decisive factors affecting the result of economic activity of agricultural businesses of legal entities in the Czech Republic can be considered to be primarily the level to which the business is equipped with assets and capital, and the capital intensity in general.

This paper proposes a methodology for calculating the cost of equity for unlisted agricultural companies in Poland. An analysis of a fixed effects panel model was conducted on a sample of 79 agricultural enterprises from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) field of observation in 2012–2015. The empirical model includes a value of land, agricultural area, depreciation, sale earnings, and payables. The study confirmed that in the valuation of the cost of equity capital in agricultural enterprises, factors that are specific to this sector must be taken into account. As the basic source of production is agricultural land, it must be taken into consideration while estimating the cost of equity capital. This factor was included in the theoretical model.

Th e goal of the paper was to define recommendations of a suitable business strategy for SMEs in the area of primary agricultural production. First, the external environment was analysed to define suitable recommendations for the industry, and also to discover opportunities and threats through fi tting strategic analyses, that aff ect the aforementioned businesses. Secondly, it was necessary to get familiar with the internal environment and functioning of specific businesses in the industry (namely those that operate in the Western region of Prostějov at the foot of the Drahanska Highlands) and to evaluate their efficiency to define their strengths and weaknesses. Th e paper demonstrates that there is a wide range of means that can be taken advantage of when defining fi tting strategies for agricultural businesses, e.g. the Porter's Five Forces Model, the IFE and the IE Matrix, the SWOT Matrix as well as the general strategies by Ansoff. Among the most important recommendations for increasing the competitiveness of SMEs in the agricultural industry, there belong: taking advantage of all the suitable agricultural subsidies, taking advantage of accredited agricultural advisors, making sure that the legal requirements of governmental bodies are met, increasing revenues for arable farming (through a good quality seed stock, chemicals and fertilizers, the foundation of suitable storage facilities in order to postpone the sales of the grain after the harvest season), creating sales cooperatives/associations to balance the competing force of buyers, rejuvenating the workforce, solidifying the ownership structure in the businesses, entrepreneurial diversification (electrical energy production), increasing quality in animal farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents results of measuring influence of the selected economic differentiation factors on successfulness of agricultural businesses. As key factors, there were selected: the size of company, legal form, allocation based on attractions of soil - climatic conditions. Regarding certain financial indicators results and the specified order of analysed companies, they were divided into groups depending on theirs successfulness. Each group was compared and analysed. At the end, the results of dividing into the groups were graphically presented.

BGU II 594 is a letter from Apollonios to Chairemon and belongs to the archive of Apollonios from Bakchias. In this article, by interpreting the meaning of some phrases and words and by putting forward for consideration some textual improvements, the details of the situation are clarified, although some questions remain open. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Very little research has been done on business units within an agricultural business, especially with regard to customer satisfaction. It could be beneficial for managers of agricultural businesses to determine which business units perform the best and the worst in terms of customer satisfaction and which units most influence customer satisfaction. A major agricultural business in central South Africa took part in this quantitative research study of which the target population was all active customers providing income above R100 000 to the agricultural business. The response rate was 35.8 per cent. The results indicated that customer satisfaction towards retail shops has the biggest impact on overall satisfaction of all the business units. Almost 99 per cent of the respondents make use of this business unit and retail shops are generally considered to be the “window” through which customers view the agricultural business. The best performing business unit was grain storage, while mechanisation (workshops) was considered to be the worst performing business unit for the participating business. When these two business units were tested separately from the other business units, it was found that mechanisation (workshops) had the biggest impact on customer satisfaction, indicating that if the participating business were to consider improving customer satisfaction of the agricultural business as a whole, it should rather focus on the worst performing business unit, because a small improvement in the customer satisfaction of this business unit could increase customer satisfaction substantially for the business as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The negative externalities of the agro-industrial production model are well documented. In the European Union, agro-food diversification is currently hailed as the means of delivering a new production logic, multifunctional agriculture, that advocates utilisation of territorially embedded assets to create public goods and quality foodstuffs. However, while an extensive economic geography literature exists on agro-food diversification, little work has examined how actors within business construct networks of relations can realistically deliver multifunctional outcomes. Building on the 'relational turn' in economic geography, I address this issue using field-work derived from agricultural business in the English east Midlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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