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Absorption Heat Transformer (AHT) systems are devices with the unique capability of raising the temperature of low or moderately warm waste heat sources to more useful levels. The study includes an investigation to analyze the AHT systems using water-lithium bromide solutions with water as the refrigerant. First, a basic AHT system was described, the operating sequence was explained and thermodynamic system analysis was presented. Next, an application of the AHT system to an industrial company was analyzed. A computer code was prepared to determine the effect of different parameters on the AHT system performance and the results were presented in graphical form. Additionally, it was shown that how the basic AHT system could be modified to increase the COP and the heat transfer at the absorber, in other words, the hot process water produced. The system performance data were presented in a tabular form for different system modifications from the base system for comparison. It was proven that, by applying different modifications, the COP could be increased by 14.1%, the heat transfer at the absorber by 158.5% and the hot process water produced by 3.59% compared to the basic ANT system. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

An industrial application of the single stage and double absorption heat transformer (AHT) systems using water-lithium bromide solutions with water as the refrigerant was analyzed. First, a basic single stage AHT system was described, the operating sequence was explained and thermodynamic system analysis was presented. Next, an application of the single stage AHT system to an industrial company was analyzed. A computer code was prepared to determine the effect of different parameters on the AHT system performance and the results were presented in graphical form. Additionally, the series and parallel double absorption AHT systems were introduced, the operating sequences were explained and thermodynamic system analysis was included. All results were presented in tabular form for comparison. It is concluded that about 50% of the waste heat can be utilized and the hot process water and vapor could be produced by applying single stage and double AHT systems, respectively. The parallel double AHT system could generate more vapor than the series double AHT system. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This study concentrates on the absorber used in the vapor absorption systems using water-lithium bromide solution with water as the refrigerant and investigates the simultaneously occurred heat and mass transfer during the absorption process. The heat and mass transfer equations were applied to simulate this process and solved using a computer program written in Delphi 7 for the parallel and counter flow absorbers. The simulation results were compared with the results of the past studies. The solution and cooling water temperatures, the overall heat transfer coefficient, the heat transferred and the mass absorbed were calculated for the parallel and counter flow absorbers. It is concluded that the counter flow absorber presents better performance for all conditions. For smaller number of coils, the difference is smaller, however if the number of coils is bigger, the counter flow absorber presents much better performance than the parallel flow absorber. When the number of coils is 20 and 120, the counter (low absorber provides 1.7% and 26% higher heat and mass transfer than the parallel flow absorber respectively. 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A model was developed to determine the performance of the counter and parallel flow absorbers using water-lithium bromide solution. The simulation method of heat and mass transfer in the coil absorber is explained and a computer program was generated and applied. The effects of the main parameters on the absorber performance were determined and the results were presented in graphical form. It has been proved that the model explained in this study is capable of predicting an estimated wetted area and can approximate heat transfer coefficients and so can predict the absorber performance.

An automotive air conditioning system is investigated in detail and experimented in detail and experimented. The temperature of ambient, the evaporator and condenser and the speed of the compressor are varied and the performance of the system is investigated. Cooling load, compressor power consumption, refrigerant mass flow rate, COP value, fluctuation of the minimum and maximum system pressures are analyzed, the results are presented in graphical form and optimum operation conditions are determined.

This study includes an experimental investigation into the use of vapor absorption refrigeration (VAR) systems in road transport vehicles using the waste heat in the exhaust gases of the main propulsion unit as the energy source. This would provide an alternative to the conventional vapor compression refrigeration system and its associated internal combustion engine. The performance of a VAR system fired by natural gas is compared with that of the same system driven by engine exhaust gases. This showed that the exhaust-gas-driven system produced the same performance characteristics as the gas-fired system. It also suggested that, with careful design, inserting the VAR system generator into the main engine exhaust system need not impair the performance of the vehicle propulsion unit. A comparison of the capital and running costs of the conventional and proposed alternative system is made. Suggestions are also made regarding operation of the VAR system during off-road/slow running conditions.

The study included an investigation to analyze the Vapor Absorption Refrigeration (VAR) systems using ammonia-water and water-lithium bromide solutions. A fundamental VAR system is described and the operating sequence is explained. Since the most common VAR systems use ammonia-water solution with ammonia as the refrigerant and water-lithium bromide solution with water as the refrigerant, the comparison of the two is presented in respect of the coefficient of performance (COP), the cooling capacity and the maximum and minimum system pressures. It is concluded that the VAR system using water-lithium bromide solution provided better performance than the system using ammonia-water solution. However, there are some points to be considered such as; the danger of crystallization and impossibility of operating in very low temperatures because of the use of water as the refrigerant. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd.

A theoretical and experimental study is presented and a mathematical model is introduced for a heat driven refrigeration system operating with continuous temperature control. The model consists of a refrigerated space, an absorption refrigerator, operating irreversibly, a temperature sensor and a reference signal, and a power law control action. The steady-state behavior of the absorption refrigerator model is validated by direct comparison between theoretical results and experimental data. The model is then used to identify an optimal thermal conductance allocation, for a fixed total thermal conductance inventory, such that the refrigeration rate is maximized and the 'pull-down' time is minimized. A simulation of the system operating in a transient mode is carried out to show that closed-loop operation results in a large reduction of fuel consumption, with respect to the 'on-off' operation. Appropriate dimensionless groups are identified and the generalized results reported in charts using dimensionless variables. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.