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Introduction: Indonesia's nickel export restriction policy is regulated in the Minister of Trade Regulation No. 96 of 2019 concerning Export Requirements for Mining Products from Processing and Refining which is in line with the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 11 of 2019 and is the cause of a lawsuit brought by the European Union to the WTO for Indonesia's violation of the provisions of Article XI.1 of the GATT 1994 WTO agreement related to discrimination against export products in the form of nickel ore. Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this research is to analyze the rules of the prohibition of Nickel Exports Based on International Law reviewed based on the theory of state sovereignty in Indonesia. Methods of the Research: This research uses normative legal research using a statutory approach and conceptual approach, and uses descriptive analysis techniques supported by two legal materials, namely primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. Results of the Research: Indonesia certainly has a strong reason why these restrictions are carried out. In addition to national economic growth, it also realizes sustainable development. This research is conducted to describe the policy through the lens of international trade law and Indonesia's authority as a sovereign state.

The use of purely microporous zeolites for transforming ethylene into aromatics is hampered by low activity and deactivation due to restricted channels and coke formation. In contrast, hierarchical zeolites have demonstrated improved catalytic performance. In this study, we investigate the effect of the zeolite properties and operation conditions on ethylene conversion. The results show that the appropriate amount of templates is crucial for optimizing the benefits of hierarchical zeolites. Notably, a liquid yield up to 54 % and a two-fold reduction in coke formation were observed compared to commercial samples. Moreover, 75 % of the aromatic product with 68 % selectivity to BTX in aromatics product was obtained.

The metacognitive skill is a competency that must be mastered by students of educational program so that they are able to empower this competency in their students later. The purpose of this study was to analyze the metacognitive skill profile of students of the Science Education program at the University of Trunojoyo, Madura-Indonesia. The research involved 110 students as the research subject. Data were collected using metacognitive awareness inventory then analysed using descriptive quantitative method. The results indicated that students' metacognitive skill improved well (71.93%). Furthermore, the metacognitive skill in every component also enhanced well (64.53 - 75.81%), and the "debugging strategies" in this skill developed excellently (88.30%). To sum up, the metacognitive skill on students of science education study program at University of Trunojoyo Madura enhanced well.

This work presents the economic, advanced thermodynamic, and exergoeconomic studies of a system for producing power and freshwater. The proposed system comprises a multi-effect desalination system, an organic Rankine cycle, a centrifuge, and process heaters by utilizing a mix of bagasse and municipal solid waste as primary fuels. The amounts of avoidable, unavoidable, endogenous, and exogenous shares of exergy destruction for the cycle’s components have been calculated by an advanced exergy method. For the integrated cycle, the electricity generation and freshwater productions are 36.6 MW and 7000 m3 per day, respectively. The costs of electricity production and water desalination are 2.6 US$/GJ and 4.6 US$/m3. To present an improved understanding of the system operation, an advanced exergy study is conducted on each involved component of the system at their operating conditions to identify the share of the avoidable irreversibilities. For the integrated system, 85% of the total exergy destruction is calculated to be unavoidable and just 15% of the estimated amount is avoidable. In this case, the opportunity to enhance the system’s operation is roughly limited. Additionally, 76% of the exergy destruction is endogenous, and the remaining belongs to exogenous exergy destruction.

This study aims to examine the effect of attitudes on behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intentions, and behavior in implementing the shopee paylater payment system (buy now pay later) in generation Z in Caturtunggal, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta. This research is descriptive quantitative. The population in this study is generation Z with criteria ranging from 18 years to 30 years who have or are currently buying products at e-commerce shopee using the paylater payment system. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a total sample of 100 respondents. The type of data used is primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires through questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach using Smartpls 4 software. The results of the research based on the analysis of the regression coefficients (t-statistics and p-value) show that the attitude variable has a negative and insignificant effect on the behavioral intention variable. subjective norm variable has a negative and insignificant effect on behavioral intention variable. the variable perceived behavioral control has a negative and insignificant effect on the behavioral intention variable. perceived behavioral control variables have a positive and significant effect on behavioral variables. Then the behavioral intention variable has a positive and significant effect on the behavior variable or generation Z behavior.

The emergence of the Islamic banking Industry in Indonesia up to now has not escaped from challenges and problems, among the main ones is how Islamic banks are leading the market share by increasing customer interest in using Islamic banking services. Quantitative methods were used in this research with a sample of 100 respondents of Islamic bank customers who lived in a special region of Yogyakarta which was selected by using a purposive sampling approach, and multiple linear regression by using SMART PLS 2.0. applied as the tools of analysis. The result shows that financial literacy does not affect the interest in becoming Islamic customers. Meanwhile, digital marketing and accessibility do affect the interest in becoming Islamic bank customers. Then, age and education as moderating variables are not able to moderate financial literacy, digital marketing, on interest in becoming Islamic bank customers. The practical implications of this research suggest that marketers can make more informed decisions, such as intensifying promotional efforts on digital platforms and enhancing customer accessibility. Additionally, this study recommends further research to address the limitations by including cybersecurity perceptions as a moderating variable. By doing so, the research will be able to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.

Iman A Basheti,1,2 Thafer Yusif Assaraira,3 Nathir M Obeidat,4 Fawwaz Al‐Abed Al‐haq,5 Mashhoor Refai6 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan; 2School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; 3English Department, Mutah University, Al‐Karak, Jordan; 4Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; 5Department of English Language and Literature, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan; 6King Abdullah II School of Engineering, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, JordanCorrespondence: Iman A Basheti, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, 11931, Jordan, Email iman.basheti@sydney.edu.auBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a large impact on global mental health including anxiety and depression rates, many factors affected the vulnerability to these psychological conditions amongst university students.Aim: To explore the level of anxiety and depression of university students living in Jordan.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted in which an electronic survey was created and distributed, university students residing in Jordan participated in the study.Results: A total of 1241 students were enrolled in the study. The mean anxiety score among males and females was (9.68 (SD = 4.10)) and (10.46 (SD = 4.14)), respectively. 42.1% of males had “abnormal” anxiety score compared to 48.4% females. The mean depression score among males (7.77 (SD = 4.31)) was similar to that for the females (7.64 (SD = 4.14)), and 26.0% of the males had “abnormal” depression score compared to 22.6% of the females. Factors affecting anxiety scores included younger age, being a female, taking medication/s, or drinking two cups of coffee or more a day.Conclusion: With 46% and 24% of students suffering from abnormal anxiety and depression respectively, it is important for education policy makers to take immediate measures to allocate students in need of psychological assessment and help to deliver suitable interventions.Keywords: anxiety, depression, students, Jordan, psychological assessment

Abstract. The tar content in producer gas may cause crusting on the engine if it is utilized as a fuel gas, thus it needs to be removed. This study aims to determine the liquid phase mass transfer coefficient in process of removing tar from producer gas in a packed-bed contactor column. This process is carried out continuously using used-cooking oil as absorbent. This was carried out by contacting the producer gas as a product of cacao pod-husk gasification at temperature range of 491-940°C at a certain counter-current flow rate with used-cooking oil in a column with a Raschig ring packing bed. The study used packed-bed materials with specific surface areas of 29.3927 m²/m³, 49.7532 m²/m³, 95.4113 m²/m³, 96.8182 m²/m³, 101.6840 m²/m³, and 105.0128 m²/m³, and with the linear velocity of used-cooking oil ranging from 0.0229 m/s to 0.0827 m/s. A mass transfer coefficient mathematical model has been constructed based on the research results. The model applies to the ranges (As.dt), (DL/dt.vL), and (µL / ρL.vL.dt) from 2.2397 to 8.0020, 2.26.10-10 to 1.72.10-9, and 0.0331 to 0.3102, respectively, with an average error of 9.33%. The average tar removed was 87%. Keywords: Producer gas, mass transfer coefficient, packed-bed column, tar, used-cooking oil

Online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic is a choice so that learning can continue. However, in its implementation, various obstacles were found. These obstacles are caused by poor internet networks, limited internet quotas, and the availability of teaching materials that do not support the online learning process. Therefore the objectives of this study are to describe: 1) The validity of the biology e-module, 2) The practicality of the biology e-module, and 3) Students’ responses to the biology e-module based on I-SETS using eXeLearning on bacterial material. The method used in this study is the research and development method with the ADDIE model. The result shows that: 1) The average validity results of biology e-modules, include the material validity of 94,5% (very valid) and the media validity of 95% (very valid), 2) The practicality of the biology e-module was obtained at 94% (very practical), and 3) The average student’s responses to the biology e-module was obtained at 85% (very good). So, it can be concluded that the biology e-module that has been successfully developed can be used in online biology learning. Pembelajaran daring selama pandemi COVID-19 menjadi alternatif pilihan agar pembelajaran tetap dapat berlangsung. Akan tetapi dalam pelaksanaannya ditemukan berbagai kendala. Kendala-kendala tersebut disebabkan oleh jaringan internet yang buruk, kuota internet yang terbatas, dan ketersediaan bahan ajar yang kurang mendukung proses pembelajaran daring. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan: 1) Validitas e-modul biologi, 2) Praktikalitas e-modul biologi, dan 3) Respons siswa terhadap e-modul biologi berbasis I-SETS menggunakan eXeLearning pada materi bakteri. Metode yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan dengan model ADDIE. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Rata-rata validitas e-modul biologi, meliputi validitas materi sebesar 94,5% (sangat valid) dan validitas media sebesar 95% (sangat valid), 2) Praktikalitas e-modul biologi sebesar 94% (sangat praktis), dan 3) Rata-rata respons siswa terhadap e-modul biologi sebesar 85% (sangat baik). Maka dapat disimpulkan e-modul biologi yang berhasil dikembangkan dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran biologi secara daring.

Abstract Background Seaweed polysaccharides have been recommended as anticancer supplements and for boosting human health; however, their benefits in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) and improving immune surveillance remain unclear. Olaparib is a first-in-class poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor. Oligo-Fucoidan, a low-molecular-weight sulfated polysaccharide purified from brown seaweed (Laminaria japonica), exhibits significant bioactivities that may aid in disease management. Methods Macrophage polarity, clonogenic assays, cancer stemness properties, cancer cell trajectory, glucose metabolism, the TNBC 4T1 cells and a 4T1 syngeneic mouse model were used to inspect the therapeutic effects of olaparib and Oligo-Fucoidan supplementation on TNBC aggressiveness and microenvironment. Results Olaparib treatment increased sub-G1 cell death and G2/M arrest in TNBC cells, and these effects were enhanced when Oligo-Fucoidan was added to treat the TNBC cells. The levels of Rad51 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) facilitate drug resistance and TNBC metastasis. However, the combination of olaparib and Oligo-Fucoidan synergistically reduced Rad51 and PD-L1 levels, as well as the activity of EGFR and AMPK; consistently, TNBC cytotoxicity and stemness were inhibited. Oligo-Fucoidan plus olaparib better inhibited the formation of TNBC stem cell mammospheroids with decreased subpopulations of CD44high/CD24low and EpCAMhigh cells than monotherapy. Importantly, Oligo-Fucoidan plus olaparib repressed the oncogenic interleukin-6 (IL-6)/p-EGFR/PD-L1 pathway, glucose uptake and lactate production. Oligo-Fucoidan induced immunoactive and antitumoral M1 macrophages and attenuated the side effects of olaparib, such as the promotion on immunosuppressive and protumoral M2 macrophages. Furthermore, olaparib plus Oligo-Fucoidan dramatically suppressed M2 macrophage invasiveness and repolarized M2 to the M0-like (F4/80high) and M1-like (CD80high and CD86high) phenotypes. In addition, olaparib- and Oligo-Fucoidan-pretreated TNBC cells resulted in the polarization of M0 macrophages into CD80(+) M1 but not CD163(+) M2 macrophages. Importantly, olaparib supplemented with oral administration of Oligo-Fucoidan in mice inhibited postsurgical TNBC recurrence and metastasis with increased cytotoxic T cells in the lymphatic system and decreased regulatory T cells and M2 macrophages in tumors. Conclusion Olaparib supplemented with natural compound Oligo-Fucoidan is a novel therapeutic strategy for reprogramming cancer stemness, metabolism and the microenvironment to prevent local postsurgical recurrence and distant metastasis. The combination therapy may advance therapeutic efficacy that prevent metastasis, chemoresistance and mortality in TNBC patients.

تقرير المنتدى الخليجي الحواري: إلى أين يتّجه الخليج فكريًا؟ قراءة في تحوُّلات المشهد الفكري الخليجي ومآلاته مركز ابن خلدون للعلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية، جامعة قطر

With the entry into the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0, the development of digitization of various aspects at the village level began. The level of use of mobile devices in the commercial transactions of society is now a massive number of users. It happens not only in large transactions but also in small transactions. With the community's high interest in the use of smartphone devices, this is a different opportunity to explore the potential of each village by helping the community, tiny and medium enterprises in conducting transactions, sales, and marketing online through the village government website. The village information system itself requires an e-commerce feature on its page to help small and medium enterprises in the area to sell products online through a simple page display. This research aims to design and develop new features of the village system that plays a role in the field of e-commerce with the Direct Message transaction method. The system development methodology used is Agile with Scrum as a framework. The Agile Model is a short-term development model that requires rapid adaptation and development to changes in any form. This e-commerce feature is for local communities, especially Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises, so their products' marketing reach is even more outstanding while being recorded in the village system.

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been shown with high mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). MnSOD (SOD2) is a mitochondrial antioxidant defense that has been implicated in inhibition of human malignancies. However, the impact of MnSOD on immunosuppressive macrophage functions and TNBC aggressiveness has never been explored. We found here that SOD2 high is primarily observed in the aggressive subtypes of HER2(+) breast cancers and TNBCs patients. Further analyses demonstrated that the oncoprotein multiple copies in T-cell malignancy-1 (MCT-1 or MCTS1) induces mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in TNBC cells by stabilizing the transcription factor Nrf2. SOD2 high/MCTS1 high expression correlates with a poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. MnSOD in TNBC cells functions as a prooxidant peroxidase that increases mitochondrial ROS (mROS) and adaptation to oxidative stress under the oncogenic effect. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the MCT-1 pathway elevates Nrf2/MnSOD and mROS levels. Knockdown of MnSOD inhibits TNBC cell invasion, breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), mROS, and IL-6 excretion promoted by MCT-1. TNBC cells deficient in MnSOD prevent the polarization and chemotaxis of M2 macrophages but improve the ability of M1 macrophages to engulf cancer cells. Quenching mROS with MitoQ, a mitochondria-targeted non-metal-based antioxidant MnSOD mimics, effectively suppresses BCSCs and M2 macrophage invasion exacerbated by MnSOD and MCT-1. Consistently, silencing MnSOD impedes TNBC progression and intratumoral M2 macrophage infiltration. We revealed a novel stratagem for TNBC management involving targeting the MCT-1 oncogene-induced mitochondrial prooxidant MnSOD pathway, which prevents the development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.

The study looked at the level of sustainable development, whether the institutional factors or often, the demographic changes over time, that might have an impact. The data was meticulously collected through 427 returned questionnaires among zakat recipients in eleven districts of Kedah, Malaysia, and it was thoroughly analysed using Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). This study found that the asnaf receives very minimum assistance and that can hardly empower them. Accordingly, it’s imperative that the fund needs to be geared towards long term productive use. The results support that the institutional contributory performance (ICP) having a positive effect, and the level of sustainable development of zakat recipients (SDZR) do increase after receiving zakat, but there are issues that need careful addressing. The study further examined the moderating role of demographic factors, such as earnings, age, marital status and gender, and witnessed that after zakat, all parameters improved, though individual moderating variables yet to show any significance. The study initiated a newer dimension through incorporating before-zakat and after-zakat scenarios in examining the comparative impact on SDZR, and likewise understanding the recipient’s level of Islamic self-actualisation.

Historians consider Islam to be one of the world's youngest religions, having emerged in the early seventh century. Within a century the early Muslims established an empire that stretched from modern-day Spain to India in the east. Many of the conquered peoples eventually converted to Islam, laying the groundwork for today's global Muslim community, widely regarded as the world's second-largest and fastest-growing religion. No other religion in the world has spread as quickly as Islam. Some scholars attribute the quick emergence of the Islamic message to the geographical and geo-historical setting of Arabian Peninsula. Others believe that Islam is imposed on people by force, while another group of scholars believes that the veracity of the Islamic message inspired people to accept it of their own free will and conviction. They entirely negate the role of Islamic political dominance in spreading the Islamic message. Using an analytical approach, we argue in this article that, while Islam is not forced on people, it is clear that Islamic civilizational dominance played a significant role in the spread of the Islamic Message. It is concluded that throughout history, political and civilizational factors have always played an indirect role in the spread of cultural and religious values, and Islam is no exception in this regard...

Languages tend to be modified to accommodate for the speakers needs, such as, discussing or dealing with certain topics and domains. An example, university students, in Jordan, modify their own language, being colloquial Arabic, with terms and expressions from the English language in order to interact and adapt to everyday college life. Due to this, college students have fabricated new hybrid terms and expressions; a mixture of English and colloquial Arabic words merged together to make one. This study attempts to explain the attitudes towards these terms and expressions and to what extent they are used amongst the students at Yarmouk University, during Arabic discourse. This was achieved by means of questionnaires and interview. The findings revealed that these colloquial hybrid terms and expressions are highly used by all college students. Results also show that the use of colloquial hybrid terms and expressions is tightly related to social factors, like, age and gender. Thus, these terms and expressions are used mostly by students aged between 18 and 20 years of age. Moreover, these terms and expressions are used more by females than males.

This study intended to highlight the precious art of calligraphy in modern era. Calligraphy is the art of beautiful handwriting. According to Islam calligraphy is the writings of Holy Quran in different letters and styles. It is an ancient and artistic practice in cultural heritage. This study reviewed the writings of different calligraphers of Punjab province (Pakistan). Among the large number of calligraphers only 18 renowned calligraphers were selected to this study. All of the selected calligraphers are well recognized due to their art and work. These manuscripts are kept and visually displayed not only in different museums of Pakistan but across the world also. This study highlighted their masterpieces according to the letters and styles of writings. This study also provided the information about the start of calligraphy and its evolutionary stages.

The Taffarud or singurality in ḥadīth sciences is one of the important and most critical type. Therefore, scholars of the ḥadīth paid it much attention and wrote number of books on the account of “al-Afrād and al-Gharīb aḥādīth”. Many scholars like Īmām al-Daraquṭnī, Īmām al-Bazzār, al-Īmām al-Ṭabrānī and other critics composed books on this subject. The discussion about the narrator’s uniqueness and singularity compared to other narrators from his sheikh who has many students, includes in the issue of reasoning, that a transmitter narrates a ḥadīth from that sheikh which his peers do not know about it. If a transmitter who is unique in its narration and also contains the critics of the scholars is called “Taffarud” which comes with different conditions in terms of acceptance and rejection. In that case, it is not acceptable to consider those terms as a totality and whoever takes it as such will be mistaken, as these rules must be understood in the light of the scholar’s understandings and their intention of usage. Otherwise we will eventually deviate from their methodology. This research is divided into an introduction, two articles, and a conclusion. As for the introduction, author defined the “taffarud” literally and lexically. In the first section, author explained the opinions of critics regarding; not to accept the uniqueness of the narrators narrating from a lot others. In the second section, author conducted an applied study on the transmitters who are not likely to be accepted in their narrations from the one who narrates a lot. As well as, author mentioned the conclusion and stidy results.

‘Elm-al-Tadhkīr be-Ayyām illāh is a sub kind of usūl-al-tafseīr (principles of exegesis). It is also known as ‘elm-al-qaṣaṣ which is also defined as a branch of history studies. The history and events of the prophets and their nations are mentioned in Quran. From this history, Quran invite us to gain admonition. Tadhkīr bil-āthār-al-qadīmah is a sub branch of ‘elm-al-Tadhkīr by-Ayyām illāh. In Arab, many relics exists about the Quranic history, which shows the history and culture of ancient Arabs. Archeology is one of authenticating tool and source of history. Modern research archaeology encompassed and found many lost nations and their history as well as. Therefore, orientalists excavated the Quranic historical sites and discovered many relics for research. They compiled research on their discoveries and criticized the Quranic history. Orientalists like Dan Gibsan, Nickelson wrote famous books on Quranic history and geography in the light of archaeological researches. There is a great significance and academic status of archaeological research especially in modern renaissance of classical history. In the light of this subject, the archeology has great importance for the Quranic ancient’s history and the criticism of orientalist’s theories about the mentioned history. This paper discussed about the Quranic concept of admonition regarding archeology and its academic status in the criticism of the Oriental’s theories.

Wave electricity extraction technology in advanced international locations holds to advance. One of the strategies used is a point absorber, which extracts electricity from the response of its system. The essential machine includes a floating buoy and a response management tool referred to as a heave plate. This look discusses the impact of the heave plate's floor location variant at the hydrodynamic parameters of a hexagonal-fashioned buoy (heave and pitch Response Amplitude Operator (RAO), brought mass, and radiation damping). The evaluation changed into performed the usage of the industrial software program ANSYS AQWA. The effects of the evaluation display that the presence of the heave plate at the buoy version affects the RAO values, mainly for the heave and pitch modes. Increasing the ratio of the heave plate's floor location results in a growth withinside the RAO heave price however decreases the RAO pitch price. Additionally, the presence of the heave plate influences the values of brought mass and radiation damping. The maximum ratio of heave plate location effects withinside the maximum brought mass price. This price gradually decreases because the ratio of the heave plate location decreases, and the buoy without a heave plate has the bottom price. This is reversed for the radiation damping price, wherein the best heave plate ratio corresponds to the bottom damping price. The damping price will gradually increase because the heave plate ratio decreases, with the buoy without a heave plate having the best price. The presence of the heave plate in the buoy model influences the RAO values, particularly in the observed motion modes of heave and pitch.

Abstract Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a poor prognostic breast cancer with the highest mutations and limited therapeutic choices. Cytokine networking between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) maintains the self-renewing subpopulation of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) that mediate tumor heterogeneity, resistance and recurrence. Immunotherapy of those factors combined with targeted therapy or chemoagents may advantage TNBC treatment. Results We found that the oncogene Multiple Copies in T-cell Malignancy 1 (MCT-1/MCTS1) expression is a new poor-prognosis marker in patients with aggressive breast cancers. Overexpressing MCT-1 perturbed the oncogenic breast epithelial acini morphogenesis and stimulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and matrix metalloproteinase activation in invasive TNBC cells, which were repressed after MCT-1 gene silencing. As mammary tumor progression was promoted by oncogenic MCT-1 activation, tumor-promoting M2 macrophages were enriched in TME, whereas M2 macrophages were decreased and tumor-suppressive M1 macrophages were increased as the tumor was repressed via MCT-1 knockdown. MCT-1 stimulated interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion that promoted monocytic THP-1 polarization into M2-like macrophages to increase TNBC cell invasiveness. In addition, MCT-1 elevated the soluble IL-6 receptor levels, and thus, IL-6R antibodies antagonized the effect of MCT-1 on promoting M2-like polarization and cancer cell invasion. Notably, MCT-1 increased the features of BCSCs, which were further advanced by IL-6 but prevented by tocilizumab, a humanized IL-6R antibody, thus MCT-1 knockdown and tocilizumab synergistically inhibited TNBC stemness. Tumor suppressor miR-34a was induced upon MCT-1 knockdown that inhibited IL-6R expression and activated M1 polarization. Conclusions The MCT-1 pathway is a novel and promising therapeutic target for TNBC.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with extensive lockdown strategies which included universities, forcing educational administrations to implement online learning and acknowledging the countless consequences it would have on the educational process. Those prompt changes highlighted the importance of online learning effects on educational outcomes. Aim: To assess students’ learning preferences and the stress associated with online and face-to-face learning. Methods: This is a multi-center cross-sectional study, employing a web-based Google Forms, which was conducted among four universities in Jordan. The survey assessed students’ demographic characteristics, educational methods received, assessment of factors that may have influenced students’ stress, and assessment of ‘stress’ using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Results: Among 1241 participating students, most of the students preferred face-to-face learning (43.3%), although the majority believed that online learning is less stressful (42.2%). The majority believed that face-to-face learning is efficient (42.7%), and that online learning is moderately efficient (38.4%), while many (35.3%) reported that the future of learning will be blended 50/50 between online and face-to-face learning. The mean score of PSS was 20.88, with 62.9% reported to have experienced moderate perceived stress, and 22.4% experienced high perceived stress. Conclusions: Although Jordanian university students prefer face-to-face learning over online learning, they believe that online learning can be less stressful. In addition to that, Jordanian students experienced a high mean of the PSS score, with more than 20% of students reporting high perceived stress.

The metacognitive skill is a competency that must be mastered by students of educational program so that they are able to empower this competency in their students later. The purpose of this study was to analyze the metacognitive skill profile of students of the Science Education program at the University of Trunojoyo, Madura-Indonesia. The research involved 110 students as the research subject. Data were collected using metacognitive awareness inventory then analysed using descriptive quantitative method. The results indicated that students’ metacognitive skill improved well (71.93%). Furthermore, the metacognitive skill in every component also enhanced well (64.53 - 75.81%), and the “debugging strategies” in this skill developed excellently (88.30%). To sum up, the metacognitive skill on students of science education study program at University of Trunojoyo Madura enhanced well.

The effectiveness of using wetted cellulose pads on improving the performance of two conventional passive cooling systems has been evaluated. First, an experimental design was developed to determine the impact of using a wetted cellulose pad on the temperature and velocity of the airflow. A cellulose pad (7090 model) with a cross-sectional area of 0.5 × 0.5 m2 and three different thicknesses of 10, 15, and 30 cm were selected and tested. The results indicated that using wetted cellulose pads with thicknesses ranging from 10–30 cm decreased the outlet airflow temperature from 11.3 to 13.7 °C on average. For free airflow at velocity 3.5 m/s, the outlet airflow velocity from the wetted cellulose pad decreased to 0.9, 0.7 and 0.6 m/s, respectively, for cellulose pads with thicknesses of 10, 15, and 30 cm. By applying experimental results on a psychrometric chart, the humidity ratio of outlet airflow was obtained between 40–70%. The study established airflow velocity as the critical parameter in passive cooling systems. With the novel concept of combining wetted cellulose pads for passive cooling systems (i.e., wind catchers and induced ventilation), there is good potential to reduce the energy requirements for thermal comfort in buildings in regions with a hot and arid climate.

Efforts to increase the power output of wind turbines include Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbines (DAWT) or a shroud for the rotor of a wind turbine. The selected duct has three main components: a nozzle, a diffuser, and a flange. The combined effect of these components results in enriched upstream velocity for the rotor installed in the throat of the duct. To obtain the maximum velocity in the throat of the duct, the optimum angles of the three parts have been analyzed. A code was developed to allow all the numerical steps including changing the geometries, generating the meshes, and setting up the numerical solver simultaneously. Finally, the optimum geometry of the duct has been established that allows a doubling of the flow velocity. The flow characteristics inside the duct have also been analyzed in detail. An H-Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) has been simulated inside the optimized duct. The results show that the power coefficient of the DAWT can be enhanced up to 2.9 times. Deep dynamic stall phenomena are captured perfectly. The duct advances the leading-edge vortex generation and delays the vortex separation.

The aim of this paper is to identify what are the impediments in implementing an effective Zakah distribution in Kedah, Malaysia. Auspiciously, post-colonial Malaysia is experiencing robustness in terms of Zakah collections, as the statistics are currently signifying, but at the same breath the degree of effectiveness in Zakah distribution has not been providentially catching that optimistic evolution. And even if, the Zakah is duly distributed, the point to note is that the effectivity of that distribution has indubitably remained in question. So this gap is an issue that has been observed by the givers, and if the collection is to increase further, the issue of effectivity in Zakah distribution needs to show a healthier trend to convince these worried payers. The implications of resolving the issues discussed below may assist to enhance this sector, if timely addressed and taken applicable measures for remediation. DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v9i2.4002

Purpose - The study examines through analysing the literature, that the zakat recipients (asnaf) can be better entertained by a sustained mechanism than one-off measures. The main aim towards asnaf upliftment should be based on a self-reliance goal-oriented-action strategy plan to alleviate them from any further deprivation. The aim of Maqasid in addressing these issues is to ensure that an asking basket gets smaller day by day through an effective regime. Design/Methodology/Approach - The paper analyses and synthesises the relevant literature on Maqasid and sustainable paradigm, then proposes a conceptual convergence to understand the paradigmatic similarities between the two in appreciating the welfare of zakat recipients. Findings - The paper attempts to examine the latitude of sustainability and Maqasid necessities in relation to asnaf welfare. The sustainability development’s main concern that the future generation benefits from the present development, which is quite similar to Hifzul Nasl or protection of progeny in Maqasid fulfilment. It can be stated that the three jurisdictions of sustainable development (SD) paradigm i.e., namely, the social, economic and environmental concerns are in actual fact, more in conformity with the Maqasid requirements. But many authors stated that indeed Maqasid is more wholesome and more encompassing than the traditional SD paradigm. Islam categorically highlights that human being as a caretaker of environment, need to ensure a better, and harmonious society, that should be erected with constructive and productive economic activities and not resorting to any damages to the nature. These concerns clearly conforms with Maqasid when it conditions that the protection of life or health, or intellect or progeny or wealth needs to be with true understanding about the self as well as the kindness of the creator, which truly encompasses faith, and that to achieve any higher dimension, may require that these basic necessities are fulfilled and ascertained at the foremost. Originality/value - This study scrutinises a comprehensive understanding about sustainability and Maqaisd needs in addressing the asnaf development and welfare. The study further elucidates that even the nature is in constant salutation towards thanking the Lord for all the bounties.

Two novel four-blade H-darrieus vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have been proposed for enhancing self-start capability and power production. The two different airfoil types for the turbines are assessed: a cambered S815 airfoil and a symmetric NACA0018 airfoil. For the first novel wind turbine configuration, the Non-Similar Airfoils 1 (NSA-1), two NACA0018 airfoils, and two S815 airfoils are opposite to each other. For the second novel configuration (NSA-2), each of the S815 airfoils is opposite to one NACA0018 airfoil. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, static and dynamic conditions are evaluated to establish self-starting ability and the power coefficient, respectively. Dynamic stall investigation of each blade of the turbines shows that NACA0018 under dynamic stall impacts the turbine’s performance and the onset of dynamic stall decreases the power coefficient of the turbine significantly. The results show that NSA-2 followed by NSA-1 has good potential to improve the self-starting ability (13.3%) compared to the turbine with symmetric airfoils called HT-NACA0018. In terms of self-starting ability, NSA-2 not only can perform in about 66.67% of 360° similar to the wind turbine with non-symmetric airfoils (named HT-S815) but the power coefficient of NSA-2 at the design tip speed ratio of 2.5 is also 4.5 times more than the power coefficient of HT-S815; the power coefficient difference between HT-NACA0018 and HT-S815 (=0.231) is decreased significantly when HT-S815 is replaced by NSA-2 (=0.076). These novel wind turbines are also simple.

Prayer plays a noteworthy role in Muslims daily lives. Quran and Sunnah testify that regular prayers can boost one’s health, can remove the level of stress, and may make one more productive and vigour. Such findings also noticed by medical and psychological experts, and likewise many contemporary research have shown wide-ranging outcomes in terms of improved wellbeing when prayer is done with sincere devotion. Nevertheless what is lacking is that the policy makers in the Islamic world need to initiate whether there exist any linkages between prayer and productivity, which needs to be appreciated more by them, as well as by Islamic economists and social scientists, Islamic business professionals and Islamic jurists, and then through a concerted effort and dynamic fact finding mission and verification to ascertain the Qur’anic beliefs in our daily lives. This studies using descriptive analysis to explain the linkage between the Islamic prayer and productivityDOI: 10.15408/aiq.v8i2.3160

Stridor presenting soon after birth due to bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis (VCP) is rare. We report a family with bilateral VCP affecting four male members in two generations and hence suggesting X-linked recessive inheritance. Severe stridor in the neonatal period requires meticulous airway evaluation, and tracheostomy in 35–70% cases. The current trend is towards conservative management and tracheostomy is avoided unless respiratory distress is severe or life-threatening. Neonatal VCP can be an isolated finding, or it can be familial with or without syndromic features. There are very few reports of non-syndromic familial cases. Unlike the cases reported previously, none of our patients required prolonged intubation or tracheostomy suggesting an excellent prognosis in such cases. This is the first case study of congenital familial non-syndromic VCP reported from the Middle East.

Using fins on the inner and outer surfaces of pipes is one method to improve the heat transfer rate of ground heat exchangers (GHEs), thereby reducing the borehole depth and construction and operation costs. Results of 3D numerical studies of simple and finned U-tubes with outer and inner fins are evaluated for GHEs under similar physical conditions. Dynamic and static simulations show the effects of longitudinal fins on the thermal performance of borehole heat exchangers (BHEs) and heat transfer rate between circulating fluid and soil around pipes, while the dynamic tests include short timescale and frequency response tests. The results indicate that the maximum fluid temperature change is about 2.9% in the external finned pipe and 11.3% in the internal finned pipe compared to the finless pipe. The effects of the inlet velocity on temperature profiles, the patterns of the velocity and temperature contours due to the borehole curvature and the response times of the systems under various frequencies are also investigated in detail.

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a devastating viral disease in shrimp aquaculture. Infection of WSSV in penaeid shrimps affects immune defense and changes gene expression. PmVRP15 has been reported as a part of the WSSV propagation pathway that is highly up-regulated in hemocytes at the acute phase of WSSV infection. This study analyzed the expression of PmVRP15 in local populations of giant tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) to be associated with susceptibility to WSSV. Tested populations consisted of an inbreeding population (G8) and outbreeding population (G8iA) from Jepara, Indonesia. Susceptibility was determined by cumulative mortality, median lethal time (LT50), and severity of infection at time of death. Though all populations were susceptible to WSSV, the frst mortality in G8 occurred at 18 hours post-infection (hpi) with mild infection, while frst mortality of G8iA occurred at 30 hpi with severe infection. The LT50 of G8 was signifcantly lower than that of G8iA, indicating that G8iA was less susceptible to WSSV than G8. Relative PmVRP15 transcripts of G8iA were insignifcantly down-regulated, whereas relative PmVRP15 transcripts of G8were insignifcantly upregulated. Although it’s still not conclusive, the results of this study suggest that PmVRP15 has weak potentialas a WSSV susceptibility marker in G8 and G8iA broodstock selection.

This research is aimed at: (1) producing an appropriate e-learning for English language studies in vocational high school, (2) evaluating the suitability of the developed e-learning in terms of appropriateness, accuracy and clarity, screen presentation and design, and appropriateness of the team builder module aspect, and (3) evaluating the effectiveness of the e-learning in practical application. This research and development (R&D) study used Alessi and Trollip’s model rearranged following ADDIE model, where the development of instruction followed Dick and Carey’s model and the need assessment procedures were adapted from Lee & Owens. Overall appropriateness and quality of the e-learning from alpha testing is ‘very appropriate’ and from beta testing is ‘excellent’. Alpha testing reveals that, the Team Builder Module is ‘very appropriate’ and beta testing reveals that, its overall quality is ‘excellent’. The e-learning is highly effective. The average score of the students raises 3.82 points (or 42.44%) in the post-test from pre-test score. The minimum score of the post-test (i.e. 8) is more than the maximum score of the pre-test (i.e. 7), so it is concluded that the use of e-learning does not deteriorate the performance of the students, but improves their performance.

According to an Islamic economic perspective, the ethics of holding money for Muslims encompass acquiring money, limitations on its usage, and its distribution. The COVID-19 pandemic has indirectly impacted people's attitudes towards holding money. This study aims to elucidate the influence of money-holding ethics on the behavior of Muslim individuals during the pandemic. The findings indicate that the variables of acquiring money and the allocation of its distribution partially affect the behavior of Muslim individuals. However, the variable of limiting the use of money does not exhibit a partial effect on variable Y. Additionally, all variables exert an influence on the behavior of individual Muslims. The coefficient of determination (R Square) in this study is 0.21, indicating that the variables of acquiring money, limiting its use, and allocating its distribution account for 21.1% of the impact on Muslim individuals' behavior, while the remaining 78.9% is influenced by other variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]