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Background Physical activity (PA) is recognized as a modifiable lifestyle factor for managing depression. An application(app)-based intervention to promote PA among individuals with depression may be a viable alternative or adjunct to conventional treatments offering increased accessibility. Objective This paper describes the early stages of the development process of MoodMover, a 9-week app-based intervention designed to promote PA for people with depression, including its usability testing. Methods Development of MoodMover followed the initial stages of the Integrate, Design, Assess, and Share (IDEAS) framework. The development process included (1) identifying intervention needs and planning; (2) intervention development; and (3) usability testing and refinement. Usability testing employed a mixed-methods formative approach via virtual semi-structured interviews involving goal-oriented tasks and administration of the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ). Results Drawing on formative research, a multidisciplinary research team developed the intervention, guided by the Multi-Process Action Control framework. Nine participants engaged in the usability testing with the MoodMover prototypes receiving an average MAUQ score of 5.79 (SD = 1.04), indicating good to high usability. Necessary modifications were made based on end-users' feedback. Conclusions The development of MoodMover, the first theoretically informed app-based PA intervention for individuals with depression, may provide another treatment option, which has wide reach. The comprehensive usability testing indicated interest in the app and strong perceptions of usability enabling a user-centered approach to refine the app to better align with end-users' preferences and needs. Testing the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the refined MoodMover is now recommended.

Purpose: Musculoskeletal strength can be impaired in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients. Exercise training programs can be beneficial but in-person delivery can be challenging; virtual exercise programs can alleviate some of these challenges. This feasibility study aimed to deliver an 8-week virtual exercise program in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients. Method: Program delivery occurred 3 times per week for 30 minutes. An exercise stress test was completed prior to program start. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency strength subtest and self-report surveys were used to assess musculoskeletal strength, quality of life, fatigue, and physical activity. Contact was maintained through a text messaging platform. Z scores were calculated using standardized normative data. Medians (interquartile range) are reported for all other data. Results: Eleven participants completed the program (2 liver, 5 kidney, 4 heart; 58% females; median age = 11.5 [10.3–13.8] y). Six participants attended ≥60% of classes, 5 participants attended <50% of classes. After 8 weeks, strength scores improved (Z score, Pre: −1.0 [−1.65 to −0.60] to Post: −0.2 [−1.30 to 0.40]; P =.007) with no change in other outcome measures. Conclusion: The virtual exercise program was delivered without technical issues and received positive participant feedback. Engagement and costs need to be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dementia is a neurodegenerative disease resulting in the loss of cognitive and psychological functions. Artificial Intelligence (AI) may help in detection and screening of dementia; however, little is known in this area. Summary: The objective of this study is to identify and evaluate artificial intelligence interventions for detection of dementia using motion data. The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute framework and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist for reporting the results. Patients with dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases were included. Studies were excluded if they focused on diagnosing Parkinson’s or Huntington’s disease. A comprehensive search was conducted across five databases. AI interventions, which were implemented or tested in health care settings, were included. Two independent reviewers screened the abstracts, titles, and then full texts. The reference lists of included studies were also screened. Articles in English from date of inception to September 2020 were included. Any outcome related to patients, health care providers and the health care system. After removing duplicates, 2,632 articles were obtained. After title and abstract screening and full-text screening, 839 articles were included. The authors categorized the included papers into six categories and data synthesis was performed on 20 papers from the sensors tracking movement category. Key Messages: We presented evidence of AI systems being employed in the detection of dementia, showcasing the promising potential of motion tracking within this domain. Although much progress has been made in this field recently, there remain notable research gaps that require further exploration and investigation.

Regenerative medicine has gained much attention and has been a hot topic in all medical fields since its inception, and dentistry is no exception. However, innovations and developments in basic research are sometimes disconnected from daily clinical practice. This existing gap between basic research and clinical practice can only be addressed with improved communication between clinicians, academicians, industry, and researchers to facilitate the advance of evidence-based therapies and procedures and to direct research to areas of clinical need. In this perspective, six participants with strong clinical and research interests debated five previously conceived questions. These questions covered current methods and procedures for soft and hard tissue regeneration in the oral cavity with predictable outcomes, limitations of their respective protocols, and needs for future development of regenerative materials and technologies.

Background: With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many exercise programs moved online. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which older adults' social identification with other exercise program members contributed to their psychological flourishing and exercise program adherence. Methods: The study represented a secondary analysis of data derived from the Seniors COVID-19 Pandemic and Exercise (SCOPE) Trial, in which older adults were randomized to a waitlist control condition or one of two online (personal v group) exercise programs. Only data from participants in the trial intervention conditions (N = 162; Mage = 73.52 years; SD = 5.61) were utilized in this secondary analysis. We assessed psychological flourishing and social identification at baseline and every two weeks, as well as program adherence over each 2-week block, for 12 weeks. Results: Based on stepwise multilevel modeling the results revealed that older adults' social identification with others in their respective exercise program had a direct effect on psychological flourishing (ΔR2Unique Marginal = 0.063, p <.001) and program adherence (ΔR2Unique Marginal = 0.014, p =.03). Conclusions: The results highlight the value of bolstering older adults' social identification with others in an online exercise program to support adherence and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exercise and nature exposure are independently recognised for their positive relationship with health, but their combined effects are not fully understood. The present review summarises the evidence that compares physiological and perceptual differences of a single bout of exercise performed outdoors versus indoors. Nine databases were searched for articles published before March 2021 which utilised controlled designs to assess at least one physiological outcome during or after a single acute bout of outdoor exercise. When appropriate, quantitative analyses were completed. Quality of articles was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. The findings of 38 articles (Total N = 1168) were examined. Participants were primarily healthy. Summarised outcomes included objective exercise intensity, perceived exertion, performance, neuroendocrine and metabolic responses, cardiovascular responses, thermoregulation, enjoyment, intention for future exercise, and perceptions of the environment. Outdoor environments increased enjoyment (N = 234, K = 10, g = 1.24, 95% CI = [0.59, 1.89], p < 0.001). Findings for remaining outcomes were non-significant or inconclusive and challenging to interpret due to high risk of bias. Overall, outdoor exercise appears to feel more enjoyable than indoor exercise when matched for intensity, with equivocal physiological benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immediate implant placement (IIP) has shown predictable outcomes when specific requirements are met. The aim of the present study was to radiographically evaluate the dimensions of mandibular incisors and the alveolar bone to further determine the feasibility of IIP in this area. Materials and methods: A total of 404 intact mandibular incisor CBCT images from 101 patients (42 males, 59 females; mean age 49 ± 16.84 years) were analyzed. The mesiodistal tooth width and the distance between the incisal edge (IE), cementoenamel junction (CEJ), facial bone crest (bo, root apex (RA), and fenestration point (F) were registered, together with the alveolar bone width at 1 and 3 mm below BC. Finally, the angular discrepancy between the dental and the alveolar bone long axis (BLA) was recorded as the tooth torque (TT). Results: The CEJ to BC distance was 3.23 ± 1.67 mm. The RA to F mean distance was 15.02 ± 3.97 mm. The mean alveolar bone buccolingual widths at 1 and 3 mm below the facial BC were 7.12 ± 0.82 and 6.32 ± 0.71 mm in the lateral and central incisors, respectively (P < 0.001). The buccolingual width was less than 6 mm in more than 33% of the central incisors, but only in 3% of the lateral incisors, displaying increased alveolar width. The average was 165.66 ± 7.47 degrees. Conclusions: The results presented in this study point toward the need for careful consideration of the requirements for anterior mandibular IIP for success and predictability purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The early years are critical for physical literacy (PL) and physical activity (PA). With increasing numbers of children attending early childhood education and care (ECEC), educators play a significant role in childhood development and may influence young children's PL journey. Educators receive minimal training in PL and PA, but receive increasing direction to integrate these concepts into ECEC learning. The purpose of this study was to assess educators' PL, then determine which components of their PL were associated with self-reported intentions and behaviours to promote PL and PA. Educator PL was moderate, while self-reported intentions and behaviours to provide PL and PA opportunities were high. Only one component of PL was associated with intentions and behaviours. The PL of educators may not inform their intentions and behaviours to provide PL and PA within ECEC frameworks.

Physical activity may play a role in promoting or preventing substance use among youth. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between different types of physical activity [i.e., non-competitive school sport, competitive school sport, outside of school sport and minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day] and substance use (i.e., current smoking, e-cigarette, cannabis, binge drinking) among Canadian youth. Interaction effects between physical activity and school connectedness were also examined. Using data from the COMPASS study (2018–19; n = 73,672), four multi-level logistic regression models were developed to investigate whether physical activity lessened or worsened the odds of (1) smoking; (2) e-cigarette use; (3) cannabis use; and (4) binge drinking. Models were stratified by gender to reflect the inherent differences between genders. Models were adjusted for demographic factors and other covariates. Sport participation was consistently associated with substance use, whereas less evidence was found for meeting MVPA guidelines. Non-competitive school sport lessened the odds of cannabis use for males and females. However, non-competitive school sport only lessened the odds of e-cigarette use for females but increased the odds of binge drinking for males. Participation in competitive school sport lessened the odds of cigarette smoking but increased the odds of e-cigarette use and binge drinking for males and females. Outside of school sport lessened the odds of cigarette smoking and cannabis use but increased the odds of e-cigarette use and binge drinking for males and females. A significant moderation effect was found for males participating in sport outside of school and meeting MVPA guidelines who were at a lower risk of e-cigarette use in the presence of high levels of school connectedness. Our study provides evidence for further consideration and provision of extracurricular activities, specifically non-competitive sport, in protecting against substance use. Caution is required in claiming that sport participation or physical activity, in general, is negatively associated with substance use among youth.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine whether a low-cost standing desk intervention that reduced occupational sitting was associated with changes in work-time cognitive–affective states in real time using ecological momentary assessments at the start and end of the trial. Methods: Forty-one office employees (91.7% female, mean age = 39.8 [10.1] y) were randomized to receive a low-cost standing desk or a waitlist control. Participants received 5 surveys each day for 5 workdays via smartphone application prior to randomization and at trial's end. Ecological momentary assessment assessed current work-time psychological states (valence and arousal, stress, fatigue, and perceived productivity). Multilevel models assessed whether changes in work-time outcomes over the course of the intervention were significantly different between treatment groups. Results: There were no significant differences in outcomes between the groups except for fatigue, with the control group reporting a significant decrease in daily fatigue following the intervention (P <.001). The intervention group reported no significant changes in any of the work-time outcomes across the study period (P >.05). Conclusions: A low-cost standing desk intervention to reduce occupational sedentary behavior did not negatively impact work-time outcomes such as productivity and fatigue in the short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presenters Roland Grad, MD, MSc, FCFP, Amrita Sandhu, BSc, Michael Alexander Ferrante, Vinita D'Souza, MSc, Lily Puterman-Salzman, Samira Rahimi, PhD, Eng, Gabrielle Stevens, Glyn Elwyn, MD, PhD, BA, [...], Objectives: We know little about the willingness of Family Medicine (FM) residents to engage in shared decision making (SDM). Thus, we evaluated the willingness of FM residents to engage in SDM, before and after an educational intervention. Methods: We delivered a 2-hour educational intervention consisting of a lecture and a workshop for FM residents on the topic of implementing SDM in preventive health care (SDM- FM). Before the lecture (T1), participants completed a measure of their willingness to engage in SDM, called incorpoRATE. Six months later, participants completed the measure a second time (T2). We summarized the T1 scores and evaluated within-resident changes between T1 and T2 incorpoRATE scores. Results: At T1, 64 of 73 participating residents completed incorpoRATE; 43 (59%) were postgraduate year one (PGY1) and 21 were in their final year (PGY2). 44 participants completed the measure a second time (T2). The range of incorpoRATE sum scores at T1 was from 4.9 to 9.1 out of 10. Mean incorpoRATE scores for PGY2 residents were higher than PGY1 resident scores (7.4[+ or -]1.2 versus 6.8 [+ or -] 0.8, p=0.038). Among 44 participants who completed incorpoRATE at both time points the mean scores were 7.0 [+ or -] 1.0 at T1 and 7.4 [+ or -] 1.0 at T2 (t =-2.833, p=0.007, Cohen&apos;s D = 0.43). This increase was driven by a change in one item of the measure, representing the domain of confidence in skill for using SDM in clinical practice (t=-5.232, p Conclusions: Among FM residents, the willingness to engage in SDM varies greatly. A lecture and workshop were associated with a small increase in the willingness of residents to engage in SDM.

The present technical article describes a protocol to digitally reproduce the emergence profile of an in-terim implant prosthesis (IP) and to transfer its macro-geometry into the definitive restoration. The purpose of this protocol was to minimize alterations in the gin-gival architecture developed during the interim re-storative phase of a single implant that could poten-tially jeopardize its esthetic outcome. The process included obtaining an intraoral scan with the interim IP in situ, a duplicate of this intraoral scan that was used to capture the exact position of the implant, and an extraoral scan of the prosthesis. These data could then be imported into IOS software to create a model where the patients' soft tissue was incorporated with precision, allowing for the fabrication of a definitive crown with an optimal soft tissue adaptation. As there are few articles in the scientific literature that have re-ported a consistent method to replicate the emer-gence profile of an interim IP, the present technical article aims to highlight the potential of utilizing the emergence profile of an interim IP created by IOS software. (Int J Esthet Dent 2024;19:140-150) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic, experts in mental health science emphasized the importance of developing and evaluating approaches to support and maintain the mental health of older adults. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess whether a group-based exercise program relative to a personal exercise program (both delivered online) and waitlist control (WLC) can improve the psychological health of previously low active older adults during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsThe Seniors COVID-19 Pandemic and Exercise (SCOPE) trial was a 3-arm, parallel randomized controlled trial conducted between May and September 2020 in which low active older adults (aged ≥65 years) were recruited via media outlets and social media. After baseline assessments, consented participants were randomized to one of two 12-week exercise programs (delivered online by older adult instructors) or a WLC condition. A total of 241 older adults (n=187 women) provided baseline measures (via online questionnaires), were randomized (ngroup=80, npersonal=82, ncontrol=79), and completed measures every 2 weeks for the duration of the trial. The trial’s primary outcome was psychological flourishing. Secondary outcomes included global measures of mental and physical health, life satisfaction, and depression symptoms. ResultsThe results of latent growth modeling revealed no intervention effects for flourishing, life satisfaction, or depression symptoms (P>.05 for all). Participants in the group condition displayed improved mental health relative to WLC participants over the first 10 weeks (effect size [ES]=0.288-0.601), and although the week 12 effect (ES=0.375) was in the same direction the difference was not statistically significant (P=.089). Participants in the personal condition displayed improved mental health, when compared with WLC participants, in the same medium ES range (ES=0.293-0.565) over the first 8 weeks, and while the effects were of a similar magnitude at weeks 10 (ES=0.455, P=.069) and 12 (ES=0.258, P=.353), they were not statistically significant. In addition, participants in the group condition displayed improvements in physical health when compared with the WLC (ES=0.079-0.496) across all 12 weeks of the study following baseline. No differences were observed between the personal exercise condition and WLC for physical health (slope P=.271). ConclusionsThere were no intervention effects for the trial’s primary outcome (ie, psychological flourishing). It is possible that the high levels of psychological flourishing at baseline may have limited the extent to which those indicators could continue to improve further through intervention (ie, potential ceiling effects). However, the intervention effects for mental and physical health point to the potential capacity of low-cost and scalable at-home programs to support the mental and physical health of previously inactive adults in the COVID-19 pandemic. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04412343; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04412343

Background. Asthma is a heterogeneous condition characterised by chronic inflammation and variable expiratory airflow limitation, with airway reversibility. Management of chronic inflammation with anti-asthma medication improves asthma control and quality of life.Objectives. To provide an evidence-based approach for chronic asthma management in young children and adolescents and provide guidance on the use of new asthma drugs in children.Methods. The South African Childhood Asthma Working Group (SACAWG) convened in January 2017. The asthma treatment task group reviewed the available scientific literature and international asthma treatment guidelines. The evidence was then graded according to the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system and recommendations were made based on scientific evidence and local context. Asthma management recommendations were made for children Ë‚6 years of age and older children and adolescents, as well as for stepping up and stepping down of therapy. This review does not include biologics or novel asthma drugs, which are covered in another CME article in this edition of SAMJ.Conclusions. To ensure good response, treatment and adherence, type of medication, device and checking of technique are all critical. Stepping up of therapy should be done only after ensuring good adherence and technique. Once therapeutic response is achieved, medication administration has to be stepped down to improve ease of use and avoid unnecessary side-effects.