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The process of atomic hydrogen penetration into the metal phase is complicated by the phase-boundary transition from the liquid and/or gas phase. That is why the cleanliness of metal and alloy surfaces is of particular importance. The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of surface pretreatment using photon pulses, ultrasound, and potential cycling on the parameters of hydrogen permeability for 48Cu52Pd metal cold-rolled membranes. The study was focused on a foil of copper-palladium homogeneous alloy with 48 at. % Cu and 52 at. % Pd composition. The studied samples were obtained by cold rolling and their thickness were 10 and 16 μm. Surface pretreatment included rinsing in acetone, using ultrasound, pulsed photon treatment, and quadruple potential cycling over a wide range of potentials. Electrochemical studies included cyclic voltammetry and cathode-anodic chronoamperometry in a deaerated 0.1 M H2SO4 solution. Hydrogen permeability was calculated using mathematical models for samples of finite and semi-infinite thickness. It was found that the surface treatment of a 48Cu52Pd foil with photon pulses leads to both an increase in the ionisation rate of atomic hydrogen and an increase in the roughness of the foil surface. The diffusion coefficient of atomic hydrogen does not depend on the method of surface pretreatment with ultrasound and photon pulses. The extraction rate constant for the extraction of the atomic hydrogen after photon treatment increases, which facilitates the processes of both H introduction and ionisation due to the release of active centres of the surface. Electrochemical cleaning of the surface during the quadruple potential cycling contributes to the growth of the extraction rate constant for the extraction of atomic hydrogen

The purpose of the study was identification of the role of the chemical composition of Pd, Pb-alloys based of palladium in the processes of injection and extraction of atomic hydrogen. The objects of study were Pd-Pb alloy foils with a lead content of 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 at. %, representing the b-phase of the solid solution. Samples with a thickness of 40 to 62 µm were obtained by cold rolling. Hydrogen permeability was studied by cyclic voltammetry and two-stage cathode-anode chronoamperometry in deaerated solutions of 0.1 M H2SO4. The obtained results were processed according to a mathematical model developed for electrodes of semi-infinite thickness. The dependence of the hydrogen permeability coefficient, as well as the rate constants of the processes of injection and extraction of atomic hydrogen, on the chemical composition of the alloy has been revealed. It was found that the Pd–Pb alloy with a lead content of 5 at.% demonstrates the highest values of hydrogen permeability compared with samples of the same crystal structure, since the rate constant of atomic hydrogen injection is very sensitive to the alloy structure. The latter confirms that the phase-limiting transition of atomic hydrogen into the alloy is the rate-determining stage, at least in the initial period of time.

The coronavirus outbreak is a global event that has bypassed national borders and affected the entire world. Therefore, examining social representations of can reveal the problems that structure peoples experiences in a particular social context. To identify social representations of the coronavirus, the authors conducted a survey within the territory of the Sverdlovsk region. The survey covered the period from March 11 to May 11, 2020. The data were collected in two stages: at the first stage, there were 31 confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection in Russia, but no cases had yet been recorded in the Sverdlovsk region; at the second stage, the number of cases reached 1952 in the Sverdlovsk region and 221 344 throughout the country. The study used the word association tests, The Semantic Differential Scale (V.F. Petrenko), The Psychic Activation Assessment Methodology (L.A. Kurgan and T.A. Nemchin) and the questionnaire survey techniques. The findings showed that the significance of the coronavirus problem for the respondents varied in different periods of the pandemic. The core of the social representation is sustainable and coherent. It reflects the results of the media impact: death, panic. It also remains stable regardless of the time and involvement of the respondents in the pandemic. The potential alteration zone serves as a kind of taming of knowledge about the coronavirus, the operationalization of the coronavirus perception content into the language of changes in a persons everyday life - the coronavirus pandemic is understood as a flu epidemic and the need for self-isolation is a vacation, an opportunity to stay at home. Observation of the immediate affective reaction of the respondents to the trigger coronavirus uncovered the presence of emotional tension and the prevalence of negative experiences in them. The survey also showed that in the pandemic, being the main source of information and a means of communication, the media set trends for developing perceptions.

Актуальность. Вопрос об оценке уровня сформированного перцептивного доверия, возникающего при восприятии незнакомого лица в короткий промежуток времени, важен в плане растущего интереса к феномену доверия. Цель. Разработать тест, направленный на оценку уровня доверия к незнакомым людям и оценку его психометрических свойств (надeжность, валидность). Методы исследования. В процессе работы применялись общенаучные методы: теоретического анализа, сравнительного анализа, обобщения. Среди специальных методов были использованы: методы сбора информации (опрос в очной (интервью) и заочной форме (анкетирование)); анализ собранных данных с использованием сравнения, обобщения; методы обработки данных: статистическая обработка данных производилась с помощью программы IBM SPSS Statistics 27. Результаты. В статье изложены основные результаты психометрической проверки разработанного теста, направленного на оценку уровня перцептивного доверия. Предложен авторский вариант построения теста, который состоит из вопросов, представляющих собой ситуации, провоцирующие доверие. Область применения результатов. Разработанный тест можно использовать в исследовательских целях для оценки уровня перцептивного доверия, а также для определения значимости зрительного контакта для формирования доверия.

It is advisable to control characteristics and rate of formation of nanoscale fi lms on InP by introducing chemostimulators, modifi ers, or both simultaneously during the thermal oxidation of semiconductors. The chemostimulating effect of the compounds is determined by their transit role as oxygen transmitters or their catalytic function. Modifi ers can affect the composition, surface morphology, structure, and properties of the fi lm without changing the fi lm growth rate. The effect of chemostimulators and modifi ers on a single process of fi lm synthesis with the desired properties was assumed to be productive. Purpose: Establishment of the effect of certain complex chemostimulators and modifi ers on the kinetics, growth mechanism, and properties of complex oxide fi lms on InP in the nanoscale thickness range. The object of the study was indium phosphide FIE-1A orientation (100). SnO2/InP and (40 % Co3O4+60 % MnO2)/InP heterostructures with a layer thickness of ~ 30 nm were formed by magnetron sputtering. Sulphate was deposited through the aerosol phase, followed by air drying and annealing at 200 °C for 30 min for the formation of the Bi2(SO4)3/InP heterostructures. SnO2/InP and InP samples were thermally oxidized under the infl uence of AlPO4 and Bi2(SO4)3, respectively, introduced into the gas phase in the temperature range 490-570 °C in an oxygen stream for 60 min. The thickness of the fi lms was controlled by laser and spectral ellipsometry and their phase and elemental composition were established by XRD and Auger electron spectroscopy, respectively. For the determination of the electrophysical properties of the films, the contacts were sprayed with aluminium and the resistivity was determined. The fundamental role of the physicochemical nature of the chemostimulator, its ability to transit interactions and the renewability of oxide forms in the process of InP thermal oxidation was established. The introduction of phosphate groups from AlPO4 into thermal oxide fi lms, with or without the deposition of SnO2 on the surface, led to the fi lm resistance similar to that for the oxidation of SnO2/InP heterostructures without the additional introduction of phosphates and was 8.5·107 Ohm·cm. Bi2(SO4)3, being a modifi er of the composition and properties of the fi lms, did not have a signifi cant chemostimulating effect. Films grown under its infl uence had a semiconductor characteristics (r ~ 106 Ohm·cm). The most effective was a 40 % Co3O4+ 60 % MnO2 complex chemostimulator, which determined the accelerated (up to 70 %) formation of fi lm by the catalytic-transit mechanism (up to 70 %), being a part of the synthesized fi lms and capable of purposefully modifying their properties by varying the content of components in it (XRD, SE).

The purpose of the article is to reveal the role of the thickness of the layer of the lead-palladium alloy deposited on a copper-palladium membrane in the processes of cathodic injection and the anodic extraction of atomic hydrogen. The objects of the study were ~ 4 μm thick copper-palladium film electrodes obtained by magnetron sputtering of a target with a composition of 56 at. % Cu and 44 at. % Pd. The studies were carried out by cyclic voltammetry and double step anodic-cathodic chronoamperometry in a deaerated 0.1 М H2SO4 aqueous solution. The calculation of the parameters of hydrogen permeability for samples of finite thickness was carried out by mathematical modelling. Cathodic injection and anodic extraction of atomic hydrogen were used to study the effect of the surface modification of the foil membrane of a Pd-Cu solid solution on the diffusion and kinetic parameters of hydrogen permeability. It was found that even a small addition of Pd-Pb (a 2 nm thick film) leads to a decrease in the concentration of atomic hydrogen and the diffusion coefficient in the foil. With an increase in the thickness of the coating there is an increase in the diffusion parameters of the hydrogen injection and extraction processes. However, the hydrogen permeability does not reach the level of the unmodified alloy. The main kinetic parameter, the hydrogen extraction rate constant, changes nonlinearly with an increase in the thickness of the coating.

A concept, method, algorithm, and computer system (CS) of step-by-step dialog optimization of biomarker (BM) panels for assessing human biological age (BA) according to a number of universal criteria based on incomplete and noisy data have been developed. This system provides the ability to automatically build BM panels for BA assessment and to increase the accuracy of BA determination while reducing the number of measured BMs. The optimization criteria are as follows: high correlation of BMs with chronological age (CA); minimum size of BM panels, obtained by rejecting highly cross-correlated BMs; high accuracy of BA assessment; high accuracy of BA/CA dependency interpolation; absence of outliers in BM values, which reduce the BA assessment accuracy; rejection of panels resulting in a high standard deviation for the BA-CA difference; and possible additional criteria entered by the researcher according to the task specifics. The CS input consists of data on physiological, biochemical, and other BMs that change with age. The CS output is a panel of BMs optimized according to the specified optimization criteria. The CS is user-friendly. It allows the user to add optimization criteria that the researcher considers to be important or to remove criteria that the user considers incorrect. The CS may be used in solving practical problems of anti-aging medicine, such as the treatment and prevention of age-related chronic non-infectious diseases representing the main causes of death. The authors' point of view on the role and place of BA diagnostics in this area is discussed.

Chemostimulated thermal oxidation is one of the approaches to the formation of functional nanoscale fi lms on an AIIIBV surface. In order to obtain the desired result, it is necessary to reasonably choose an object that can act as a chemostimulator of the process or a modifi er of the structure and properties of films formed as a result of oxidation. The use of complex compounds capable of combining both of these functions seems to be effective. The purpose of the study was an investigation into the effect of nanoscale layers of the Mn3(P0.1V0.9O4)2 chemostimulator-modifi er on the process of thermal oxidation of GaAs, its composition, and morphology of the formed fi lms. The object of study was gallium arsenide (100) with nanosized layers of manganese vanadate-phosphate Mn3(P0.1V0.9O4)2 deposited on its surface. In order to increase the speed of the process and ensure the high chemical homogeneity of the product, it was proposed to use microwave activation of the synthesis of the chemostimulator-modifi er Mn3(P0.1V0.9O4)2 and its further deposition onto the surface of the semiconductor by the spin-coating method. The formed Mn3(P0.1V0.9O4)2/GaAs heterostructures were thermally oxidized in the temperature range 490–550 °C for 60 min in an oxygen stream. The thickness of the growing fi lms (by laser and spectral ellipsometry), their composition (X-ray phase analysis, Auger electron spectroscopy), and surface morphology (atomic force microscopy) were controlled. Studies of the kinetics of thermal oxidation of Mn3(P0.1V0.9O4)2/ GaAs heterostructures showed that the determining process is the solid-phase reaction, limited by diffusion in the solid phase, and the transit character of the chemostimulator without the catalytic effect occurs. It was revealed that manganese vanadate-phosphate promoted an increase in the growth of the formed fi lm by an average of 70–220% compared to the standard oxidation of GaAs, leads to the intensifi cation of secondary interactions of the oxides of the substrate components with the products of thermolysis of Mn3(P0.1V0.9O4)2 and the absence of segregation of arsenic in the fi lm in a non-oxidized state. Thermal oxidation of Mn3(P0.1V0.9O4)2/GaAs heterostructures results in the formation of nanoscale (50-200 nm) fi lms with a fairly pronounced relief. Further study of the electrophysical characteristics of the fi lms is necessary, since composition data suggest they possess a dielectric nature. This can be used in practice for the formation of fi lms on the surface of AIIIBV with functional purposes and with widely varying characteristics.

The purpose of this work was to reveal the infl uence of the phase composition and the crystallographic orientation of fi lm samples of Pd-Cu solid solution on the parameters of extraction and injection of atomic hydrogen in aqueous solution of sulphuric acid. The study was carried out using a two-step cathode-anode chronoamperometry method. The fi lms of the Pd53Cu alloy of various thickness were obtained by magnetron sputtering. They were characterised by the same phase (100% of theβ -phase of a solid solution) and chemical composition. It was confi rmed that during the initial period (≤ 4 s, the injection of atomic hydrogen proceeds in a mixed diffusion-phase-boundary regime, which later transforms into a purely diffusion mode. The kinetic and diffusion parameters of the stages of phase-boundary penetration of hydrogen and its subsequent solid-phase diffusion were calculated by the cathodic and anodic current decays. It was established that regardless of the thickness of the sample, an increase in the β phase fraction in the alloy leads to a marked increase in the diffusion coeffi cient of atomic hydrogen and, consequently, to an increase in the hydrogen permeability constant. The crystallographic orientation only affects the stage of phase-boundary penetration of hydrogen into the fi lm alloy. The data obtained confi rm the preferential movement of hydrogen along the grain body rather than over the interphase boundaries.

Alpha-fetoprotein is one of the best known embriospecific proteins, which is used to diagnose fetal abnormalities and tumor processes of the gastrointestinal tract and liver and has a pronounced immunotropic and detoxifying effect, and also a direct apoptotic effect on tumor cells. The appointment of AFP mice at the oldest age in our experiments, dramatically increased survival and markedly increased the relative weight immunotropic bodies, apparently, due to the characteristic of the AFP general effect of improving the functions of tissues and detoxifying action. Thus, AFP has a significant bioactivity and anti-aging effectname, that allows to consider it as a candidate for a geroprotective agent.

In addressing global environmental issues relevant is the multidimensional evaluation system: biomedical, social, economic, moral. Singularity of environmental diseases is that they affect every individual, but only certain part of the population. These diseases are the result of violations of relations the organism and its habitat, and are manifested in the form of physical and mental defects. One of the leading problems of modernity is the progressive growth of obesity in the world. The Obesity beside woman's carries the system nature and touches many physiological functions, which possible unite on the grounds of correlation relationships in several main groups: increased pulmonary functions, age and triglycerides change, alimentary change and triglycerides increasing.

The main directions of safety formation in communication strategies are connected with their adaptation to the conditions of social and psychological variability. Building up a communicative strategy is a versatile process, in which it is necessary to consider a wide spectrum of social and psychological parameters, especially topical in the modern period of social development. Forms of social interactions in schematic formats of contemporary social and economic revolution are reduced, social and functional potentials are depleted, mass society is further differentiating, the pace of historic changes is growing, all this determines the necessity to prepare changes in personality structures to the dynamics of social and fluidity.

The plural correlation physiological parameter are discovered since age, pointing to system nature of the age and touching more than 30 different physiological functions. Age change function are grouped in several correlation and physiological bound groups, in the first place connected with reduction sexual hormone and their influences upon lipid exchange, transport of the oxygen and reductions to general vital activity of the cells. The discovered correlations point to determined sequence and directivity of the age change and presence several mechanisms of the change function organism since age.

Biologically active dietary supplement «Transfer-factor» obtained from cow colostrums by the company «4 Life Research Co» (the USA) has positive impact on the immune characteristics of the old laboratory animals and displays the complex gero-prophylaxis influence on the mice's physical state and alimentary.

Biologically active dietary supplement «Transfer-Factor», produced by «4 Life Research Co» (the USA) from cow beestings reestablishes the potential of cellular growth lowered within the processes of aging what is estimated on the pharmacologically induced hyperplasia of salivary glands. «Transfer-factor» sharply (11,3 times) accelerates the number of active (blast) cells of a spleen. This dietary supplement can distress thymus reaction (twenty four hours of twofold thymus atrophy) while introducing adrenostimulator. So basing on literature data and the results of our own research «Transfer-Factor» is supposed to be a perspective means of prophylaxis and correction of different pathological processes, connected with the lowered possibility of cellular self-renovation and TF can be, partly, used for the stimulation of reparative regeneration of tissues and organs. The anti-stress effect of this dietary supplement action on the immune system is interesting and also perspective.

Biologically active dietary supplement «Transfer-factor» obtained from cow colostrums by the company «4 Life Research Co» (the USA) has positive impact on the immune characteristics of the old laboratory animals and displays the complex gero-prophylaxis influence on the mice's physical state, dynamometric figures of the animals, the metabolism and the free radical mechanisms of ageing. «Transfer-factor» renews the cellular potential growth of old animals' tissues to the values specific for the young age. It can be used for the tissue regeneration activation with the purpose of their healing. As important is the described in the work anti-stress action of this remedy on the immune system and its protection impact on the age-specific and alimentary obesity.