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1. First record of hylastes opacus erichson and crypturgus hispidulus Thomson, C. G. (Coleoptera; curculionidae; scolytinae) for the Turkish fauna

Author

M. Kumbasli, Erdem Hizal, A G Aday Kaya, Z Arslangündoğdu, S. Acer, İÜC, Orman Fakültesi, Orman Mühendisliği Bölümü, BAİBÜ, Ziraat Fakültesi, Yaban Hayatı Ekolojisi ve Yöntemi Bölümü, and Kumbaşlı, Meriç

Subjects
Pinus nigra, Pinus brutia, biology, Crypturgus hispidulus, Turkey, Turkish, Fauna, Hylastes opacus, Marmara, biology.organism_classification, language.human_language, Curculionidae, Botany, European bark beetle, language, Agronomy and Crop Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Scolytinae subfamily (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is represented by 135 species in Turkey including 8 species of the genus Hylastes Ericson and 7 species of the genus Crypturgus Ericson. A total of 79 adult individuals of Hylastes opacus Erichson and 6 adult individuals of Crypturgus hispidulus Thomson, C. G. were obtained from log and pheromone traps in pine stands at twelve localities during 2014. H. opacus and C. hispidulus were recorded for the first time in Turkey. H. opacus were obtained from trap logs of Pinus brutia and Pinus nigra and also pheromone traps in P. brutia stands. Adult individuals of C. hispidulus were observed in association with Orthotomicus erosus and Pityogenes pennidens on P. brutia and P. nigra log traps. © 2018, ALÖKI Kft., Budapest, Hungary. Istanbul Üniversitesi: 40216 Acknowledgements. We would like to thank Balıkesir Regional Directorate of Forestry (Turkey) for support. We are also grateful to Mustafa Baydemir for his assistance in the fieldwork. This study was funded by Istanbul University, Scientific Research Project (project 40216).

Published
2018
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4. Widespread Phytophthora infestations in European nurseries put forest, semi-natural and horticultural ecosystems at high risk of Phytophthora diseases

Author

A. V. Sanz Ros, Ana Pérez-Sierra, Salvatore Moricca, Stephen Woodward, B. Henricot, G. Magnano di San Lio, Z. Á. Nagy, Anna Maria Vettraino, Panaghiotis Tsopelas, C. Olsson, Antonio Franceschini, Benoit Marçais, Anna Rytkönen, Milka Glavendekić, Bruno Scanu, D. Chavarriaga, A. Lyubenova, Andrea Vannini, Nenad Keča, A. G. Aday, G. Denton, Tomasz Oszako, C. Pintos Varela, M. L. Herrero, H. T. Doğmuş-Lehtijärvi, Antonella Pane, Sarah Green, O. Aguín Casal, Simone Prospero, Thomas Jung, M. Wenneker, G. Hartmann, Paloma Abad-Campos, Daniel Rigling, Slavtcho Slavov, Epaminondas J. Paplomatas, M. Horta Jung, Iryna Matsiakh, María Esperanza Sánchez, C. Rial Martínez, Santa Olga Cacciola, Jan Nechwatal, Venche Talgø, Z. Tomic, J. Bakonyi, Jarkko Hantula, Edmundo Sousa, T. Decourcelle, S. Diamandis, Alejandro Solla, Ivan Milenković, Hélio Rubens Machado, J. Schumacher, D. Ivic, A. Schlenzig, T. Cech, Cécile Robin, Arja Lilja, Tamara Corcobado, Volodymyr Kramarets, P. J. Mansilla Vázquez, Jan Stenlid, Leszek B. Orlikowski, Beatrice Ginetti, Alfredo Cravador, Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Phytophthora Research and Consultancy, Partenaires INRAE, Research Institute of Horticulture, Royal Horticultural Society, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Faculty of Forestry, Süleyman Demirel University, EXCMA, Plant Protection Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania (UniCT), Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests Natural Hazards and Landscape, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), National Agricultural Research Foundation (NAGREF), Università degli Studi di Sassari, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Faculty of forestry, University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Vantaa Research Centre, Forest Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (Bioforsk), Institute for Plant Protection, Croatian Centre for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Ukrainian National Forestry University (UNFU), AgroBioInstitute, IPIMAR - Instituto Nacional de Recursos Biológicos, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), National Technical University of Ukraine 'Kyiv Polytechnic Institute' [Kiev], Bavarian State Institute for Agriculture, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Forest Research Institute, University of Athens, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Universidad de Córdoba [Cordoba], Government, Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg - Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg, Université of Tunis, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), and Forest Research [Great Britain]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, PORT-ORFORD-CEDAR, Phytophthora, MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biosecurity, Phytophthora, invasive species, Nurseries, Introduced species, DECLINING OAK TREES, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Invasive species, FLORICULTURE CROPS, 03 medical and health sciences, Ornamental plant, Infestation, medicine, PRODUCCION VEGETAL, Life Science, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, biology, NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS, SPECIES CAUSING ROOT, SP-NOV, WESTERN-AUSTRALIA, MICROSATELLITE MARKERS, MULTILOCUS PHYLOGENY, Forestry, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Agronomy, Collar rot, 010606 plant biology & botany, Woody plant, BBF Team Randwijk
Abstract

[EN] An analysis of incidence of Phytophthora spp. in 732 European nurseries producing forest transplants, larger specimen trees, landscape plants and ornamentals, plus 2525 areas in which trees and shrubs were planted, is presented based on work conducted by 38 research groups in 23 European countries between 1972 and 2013. Forty-nine Phytophthora taxa were recorded in 670 nurseries (91.5%); within these nurseries, 1614 of 1992 nursery stands (81.0%) were infested, although most affected plants appeared healthy. In forest and landscape plantings, 56 Phytophthora taxa were recovered from 1667 of 2525 tested sites (66.0%). Affected plants frequently showed symptoms such as crown thinning, chlorosis and dieback caused by extensive fine root losses and/or collar rot. Many well-known highly damaging host¿Phytophthora combinations were frequently detected but 297 and 407 new Phytophthora¿host associations were also observed in nurseries and plantings, respectively. On average, 1.3 Phytophthora species/taxa per infested nursery stand and planting site were isolated. At least 47 of the 68 Phytophthora species/taxa detected in nurseries and plantings were exotic species several of which are considered well established in both nurseries and plantings in Europe. Seven known Phytophthora species/taxa were found for the first time in Europe, while 10 taxa had not been previously recorded from nurseries or plantings; in addition, 5 taxa were first detections on woody plant species. Seven Phytophthora taxa were previously unknown to science. The reasons for these failures of plant biosecurity in Europe, implications for forest and semi-natural ecosystems and possible ways to improve biosecurity are discused., The authors are grateful to all public and private owners of nurseries and plantings who contributed to this extensive study. T. Jung acknowledges the support by the Regione Autonoma della Sardegna, Visiting Professor Program at the University of Sassari, Italy. The authors also thank the COST Office and the European Council for providing the European COST Actions FP0801 (http://www.cost.eu/domains_actions/fps/Actions/FP0801) and FP 1002 (http://www.cost.eu/domains_actions/fps/Actions/FP1002), the EU projects FOR-THREATS and ISEFOR, and BiodivERsA project RESIPATH as platforms for stimulating discussions on the nursery pathway and possible management solutions.

Published
2016
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5. First Report of Phytophthora syringae on Cedrus libani in Turkey.

Author

Doğmuş-Lehtijärvi T, Kaya AGA, Lehtijärvi A, and Jung T

Abstract

Cedrus libani, commonly known as Lebanon cedar, is one of the most important coniferous tree species in Turkey. Its main distribution is in the Taurus Mountains in the Mediterranean Region. The total area of pure Taurus cedar forest covers 109,440 ha in Turkey, all located in the southwestern regions of the country. Due to its drought resistance, Taurus cedar has been commonly used for afforestations in these semi-arid areas (1). In September 2011, during surveys for Phytophthora spp. in forest nurseries in Adapazari and İzmir in eastern Turkey, initial symptoms such as death of fine roots, yellowing, and wilting of Taurus cedar seedlings were observed. Soil samples were collected from 10 symptomatic C. libani seedlings and isolation tests for Phytophthora species were carried out using leaflets from young Quercus suber, Azalea sp., and Rhodendron sp. saplings as baits floated over flooded soil. Necrotic baits were blotted dry, cut into small pieces, and placed on selective PARPNH carrot agar. Out growing colonies were subcultured on carrot agar and kept at 12°C for morphological and molecular identifications (2). In total, six Pythiaceous isolates were obtained from the C. libani soil samples. The isolates were investigated using a light microscope and grouped according to their morphological characteristics (3). DNA was extracted from two representative isolates using Qiagen DNeasy Plant Mini Kit following the manufacturer's instructions. PCR amplifications and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA and the β-tubulin gene were performed using ITS1 and ITS4 and Tub1 and Tub2 primer sets (4). Sequencing of the PCR products in both directions was conducted by IonTek Inc. (Istanbul, Turkey) in an ABI PRISM automated sequencer. The obtained sequences were compared with those in the GenBank and Phytophthora database using BLAST search. On the basis of morphological features and molecular analyses, the two isolates were identified as Phytophthora syringae. Morphological characteristics on carrot agar were identical with the description of P. syringae (2). At 20°C, colonies reached 7 cm in diameter after 1 week. Sporangia were semipapillate to non-papillate, ovoid, with average length of 59 μm (SD ± 2.8) (range 58 to 70 μm). Oogonia were 38 μm (SD ± 5.4) in diameter (range 30 to 47 μm) with paragynous antheridia. The morphological identification was confirmed by sequence comparison at GenBank with 99% homology for both ITS and β-tubulin. The ITS sequences of the two isolates were deposited in GenBank with the accession nos. KF430614 and KF944377. Under-bark inoculation tests with mycelia plugs were conducted with both isolates of P. syringae at 18°C in a growth chamber on a total of six 1-year-old shoots cut from two C. libani trees. Lesions with an average length of 19 mm (SD ± 6) developed after 10 days. P. syringae was consistently re-isolated from the margins of necrotic tissues. Control shoots remained symptomless. To our knowledge, this is the first report of damage caused by P. syringae on C. libani seedlings in forest nursery in Turkey. References: (1) T. Çalışkan. Pages 109-130 in: Proceedings of Workshop "Hızlı gelişen türlerle ilgili rapor," Ankara, Turkey, 1998. (2) T. Jung et al. Eur. J. For. Pathol. 26:253, 1996. (3) T. Jung et al. Mycol. Res. 107:772, 2003. (4) L. P. N. M. Kroon et al. Fung. Genet. Biol. 41:766, 2004.

Published
2014
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