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It was known that prolonged TRMPL1 activation induces TFEB translocation and upregulates autophagic gene regulation. Here, the authors show that acute TRMPL1 activation also induces autophagy through VPS34 and by lysosomal calcium release independent of TFEB.

Despite growing evidence that the ocean is an important source of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) in the atmosphere, our understanding of the properties and concentrations of INPs in ocean surface waters remains limited. We have investigated INPs in sea surface microlayer and bulk seawater samples collected in the Canadian Arctic during the summer of 2016. Consistent with our 2014 studies, we observed that INPs were ubiquitous in the microlayer and bulk seawaters; heat and filtration treatments reduced INP activity, indicating that the INPs were likely heat-labile biological materials between 0.22 and 0.02 µm in diameter; there was a strong negative correlation between salinity and freezing temperatures; and concentrations of INPs could not be explained by chlorophyll a concentrations. Unique in the current study, the spatial distributions of INPs were similar in 2014 and 2016, and the concentrations of INPs were strongly correlated with meteoric water (terrestrial runoff plus precipitation). These combined results suggest that meteoric water may be a major source of INPs in the sea surface microlayer and bulk seawater in this region, or meteoric water may be enhancing INPs in this region by providing additional nutrients for the production of marine microorganisms. In addition, based on the measured concentrations of INPs in the microlayer and bulk seawater, we estimate that the concentrations of INPs from the ocean in the Canadian Arctic marine boundary layer range from approximately 10−4 to <10-6 L−1 at −10 ∘C.

The sea-surface microlayer and bulk seawater can contain ice-nucleating particles (INPs) and these INPs can be emitted into the atmosphere. Our current understanding of the properties, concentrations, and spatial and temporal distributions of INPs in the microlayer and bulk seawater is limited. In this study we investigate the concentrations and properties of INPs in microlayer and bulk seawater samples collected in the Canadian Arctic during the summer of 2014. INPs were ubiquitous in the microlayer and bulk seawater with freezing temperatures in the immersion mode as high as −14 °C. A strong negative correlation (R = −0. 7, p = 0. 02) was observed between salinity and freezing temperatures (after correction for freezing depression by the salts). One possible explanation is that INPs were associated with melting sea ice. Heat and filtration treatments of the samples show that the INPs were likely heat-labile biological materials with sizes between 0.02 and 0.2 µm in diameter, consistent with previous measurements off the coast of North America and near Greenland in the Arctic. The concentrations of INPs in the microlayer and bulk seawater were consistent with previous measurements at several other locations off the coast of North America. However, our average microlayer concentration was lower than previous observations made near Greenland in the Arctic. This difference could not be explained by chlorophyll a concentrations derived from satellite measurements. In addition, previous studies found significant INP enrichment in the microlayer, relative to bulk seawater, which we did not observe in this study. While further studies are needed to understand these differences, we confirm that there is a source of INP in the microlayer and bulk seawater in the Canadian Arctic that may be important for atmospheric INP concentrations.

Vyval M. B., Polishchuk M. E., Perekopaiko Y. M. The dynamic of secondary hemorrhagic progression of contusion in traumatic brain injury. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(1): 369-376. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.292929 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4271 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 754 (09.12.2016). 754 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.01.2017. Revised 16.01.2017. Accepted: 24.01.2017. УДК 616.831-001.3-005.1 The dynamic of secondary hemorrhagic progression of contusion in traumatic brain injury M. B. Vyval, M. E. Polishchuk, Y. M. Perekopaiko Department of Neurosurgery, National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education named after P.L. Shupik, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Traumatology Department, Ternopil City Municipal Hospital of Emergency medicine , Ternopil, Ukraine Abstract Introduction. Secondary posttraumatic changes in the brain often determine the clinical flow during traumatic brain injury (TBI). Prevention and early detection of secondary hemorrhagic progression (SHP) is very important for determination of the treatment strategy in patients with brain contusion. We studied the dynamic of brain contusion and its impact on the clinical course of brain injury. We found that the secondary hemorrhagic progression of contusion occurs in 43% and can be detected at the place of primary brain damage, and far away from it, and often can be seen in patients with a subdural hematoma. The larger contusion has the greater probability of progression and needs for surgical decompression. Progression is associated with the significant risk of clinical deterioration and mortality. Conclusions. Treatment tactics depends on severity of volumetric effect on the surrounding brain structures and manifestations of herniation syndrome. Key words: traumatic brain injury, brain contusion, secondary hemorrhagic progression of contusion.

Results of endoscopic ventriculocisternostomy at 20 patients with occlusive hydrocephaly, caused by adhesive process of brain waterpipe, were analyzed. At 3 (15%) cases additional adhesive process in a field of pontine cisterns was revealed. For it’s elimination we proposed to perform an endoscopic operation for pontite cisterns connection with brain large cistern in area between VI and VII cranial nerves. Anatomic reference points of punching area and endoscopic anatomic structures of large brain cistern were given.

From 150 patients with nontraumatic hemorrhages in posterior cranial fossa the occlusion hydrocephalic syndrome developed in 64, with expressive progression — in 36 patients. The diagnosis was established on the base of clinical data and additional methods — CT and MRI. 36 patients were operated because of progressive occlusion-hydrocephalic syndrome, 22 of them died (lethality 61%).

Abstract Biurate complexes with 4-phenylthiosemicarbazide, namely, [Mn(HL)2](Urat)2, [Co(HL)3](Urat)3, and [Ni(HL)4](Urat)2 (HL is 4-phenylthiosemicarbazide, Urat is anion of uric acid dissociating at first stage) are synthesized and their physicochemical properties and structures are studied by spectroscopic (IR and diffuse reflection) and DTA methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coordination compounds of biurates with thiosemicarbazide [Mn(HL)2](Urat)2(H2O)2, [Co(HL)3](Urat)3(H2O)3, [Ni(HL)2](Urat)2(H2O)2, and [Ni(HL)2](Urat)2(H2O)4, where HL is thiosemicarbazide, and Urat is the anion of uric acid dissociated by the first step, were synthesized. The physicochemical properties and structures of the compounds were studied by IR and diffuse reflection spectroscopies, magnetochemistry, and DTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]