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Abstract Background The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has increased in the last decade, resulting in enduring psychological effects, including negative body image. This study explored the effect of mindfulness-based art therapy (MBAT) on body image in women with PCOS. Methods In a randomized, single-blind, controlled trial conducted in Kerman, Iran, women of reproductive age (18–45) who were diagnosed with PCOS and met specific inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to either the MBAT intervention group or a control group placed on a therapy waiting list. The main focus of the study involved evaluating alterations in body image scores as the primary measure. Additionally, the study assessed secondary outcomes, which encompassed various domains of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. The trial is registered with www.irct.ir (Registration code (25/01/2020): IRCT20170611034452N9). Results Between August 2020 and January 2021, 66 participants were randomly assigned to the MBAT or waiting list group, and the study was completed by 60 women. At the end of the intervention, body image (adjusted mean difference from baseline (AMD) of 29.22 [95% CI 19.54, 38.90], P 0.05), health orientation (p 0.05), had higher scores than did the control group. However, only BASS had a conclusive effect size (large). Additionally, appearance orientation (p > 0.05), illness orientation (p > 0.05), health evaluation (p 0.05), and overweight preoccupation (p

Abstract Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is involved in the progression of different cancers. In this study, we investigated the effect of anti-LIF antibodies on immune-related gene expression in the Balb/c mouse model of breast cancer. To immunize mice against LIF, recombinant LIF with Freund adjuvant was injected into the test group, whereas the control group received phosphate-buffered saline with adjuvant. Tumor induction (4T1 cell line) was performed by increasing the antibody titer. The expression of immune-related genes was evaluated by real-time PCR. The anti-LIF titer was significantly increased in the immunized group. The expression of genes related to the differentiation of T helper (Th)-1, Th-2, and Th-17 cells was significantly higher in the immunized group than in the control group. In addition, anti-LIF did not have a significant effect on the expression of genes related to the differentiation of regulatory T cells, and immune checkpoint-associated genes. Additionally, the test group had higher survival and lower tumor development rates. The results demonstrated that the anti-LIF antibody may potentially play a role in the differentiation of immune cells or immune responses. However, further studies utilizing advanced techniques are necessary to validate its function.

Abstract Objective The ongoing outbreak of the respiratory disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is currently presenting a major global health threat. This pandemic is unprecedented in recent human history. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between cycle quantitation (Cq) and laboratory parameters in COVID‐19 patients, aiming to determine if Cq levels can provide valuable insights into the COVID‐19 disease. Methods This study involved 234 participants who were divided into case and control groups. Real‐time PCR tests were used to diagnose COVID‐19 cases in the study participants. Blood tests, including complete blood count, C‐reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D‐dimer, IgG, and IgM, were also conducted. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22 software. Results The findings showed that COVID‐19‐positive cases had significantly higher levels of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), D‐dimer, ESR, CRP, and LDH compared to normal cases. Additionally, the case group had significantly lower lymphocyte and platelet counts. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between Cq levels and lymphocyte count (r = .124, p = .014). Conversely, there was a statistically significant inverse correlation between Cq levels and NLR (r = −.208, p = .017). Furthermore, the evaluation of hematological, inflammatory, and biochemical indexes in COVID‐19 patients using the receiver‐operating characteristics curve demonstrated statistically appropriate sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion Our outcomes indicated a significant association between Cq levels and PLR, NLR, D‐dimer, CRP, and ESR in COVID‐19 patients. Consequently, including the report of laboratory parameters alongside Cq values offers a promising prognosis.

Today’s cyber-attacks are getting more sophisticated and their volume is consistently growing. Organizations suffer from various attacks in their lifetime each of which exploiting different vulnerabilities, therefore, preventing them all is not affordable nor effective. Hence, selecting the optimal set of security countermeasures to protect IT assets from being compromised is a challenging task which requires various considerations such as vulnerabilities characteristics, countermeasures effectiveness, existing security policies and budget limitations. In this paper, a dynamic security risk management framework is presented which identifies the optimal risk mitigation plans for preventing ongoing cyber-attacks regarding limited budget. Structural and probabilistic analysis of system model are conducted in two parallel and independent aspects in which the most probable system's risk hotspots are identified. Suitability of countermeasures are also calculated based on their ability in covering vulnerabilities and organizational security policies. Moreover, a novel algorithm for dynamically conducting cost-benefit analysis is proposed which identifies optimal security risk mitigation plans. Finally, practical applicability is ensured by using a case study.

Today, with the expansion of transportation, several road construction projects have been implemented in several parts of the world. The aim of this study is to stabilize and test sand using cement and drainage wastewater from the ceramic industry. Use of drained wastewater is to reduce the environmental pollution caused by drainage wastewater and reduced consumption of natural resources. In the first stage, the potential of off-site production by the factories and the advantages of using it were investigated. The optimal mixing plan was then obtained by performing a UCS test on samples that were made with different amounts of cement and wastewater. Other specifications of the desired mixture were: single gravity resistance, elasticity modulus, UCS, loss of resistance in saturation and microscopic structure of the particles. In the final stage, the efficiency of the mixture was studied using numerical modeling by finite element method. According to the results obtained from the experiments, it was found that adding 7.5% cement and 12.5% of dried wastewater, the UCS of sand increase from 0.005 MPa to 0.3 MPa and the sand elasticity modulus increase from MPa 5 to 65MPa. The specimen resistance did not increase significantly since the tenth day, and its saturation caused the resistance of the specimens to be reduced by 50%. The results of EDX and XRF tests revealed that the desired water included heavy metals. in addition use of wastewater reducing the consumption of natural resources, reduces the entry of heavy metals into the environment and urban environments. The level of surface treatment was obtained using sand-shaped modeling; which was considered as a substrate stabilizing element, and other pavement layers. The sum of the summands obtained from the modeling with the maximum allowed values was compared which provided satisfactory results. Finally, the processed sand could be used by deep mixing method to stabilize the subgrade of roads.

Abstract Objective Acquired resistance to antifungal agents is rising among Candida species. Herbal extracts including Capsicum annum extracts have biological profits, which can be employed to overcome drug resistance in fungal species. The present study investigated the efficacy of different varieties of C. annum extracts against Candida species. Methods Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of three different varieties of C. annum were prepared using the succulent method. Total values for compound extracts of C. annum var. cayenne, C. annum var. cayenne cultivar sabzevari, and C. annum var. cerasiforme were 43, 42, and 38 g, respectively. The clinical Candida isolates including C. albicans (n = 13), C. dubliniensis (n = 2), C. parapsilosis (n = 2), and C. tropicalis (n = 1); and reference strains of C. albicans (TIMML 1292 and TIMML 183), C. krusei (TIMML 1321), C. parapsilosis (TIMML 2201), and C. tropicalis (TIMML 731) were examined based on the M27-A3 guideline. Results Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Capsicum annum showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of more than 512 µg/ml against clinical and reference strains of Candida. There was no justifiable difference between the effects of these extracts on Candida species. Conclusion Both aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Capsicum annum could not exert a significant effective impact on clinical and reference strains of Candida. The difference in pepper spiciness did not show a significant role against Candida isolates. However, their possible effects might be different among other yeasts or filamentous fungi.

Abstract The present study was conducted for the spatial distribution and concentration evaluation of heavy metals, including Cu, Cd, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Pb, within 102 soil samples collected from Kushk Mine in Bafgh, Iran. This work employed hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and spatial distribution patterns, to perform element distribution evaluation within the area. The distributions of heavy metals in the entire area were exhibited in the form of maps. The average concentrations of Cd, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Pb were found to be 0.39, 0.26, 5.3, 4.1, 51.9, and 40.9 mg.kg−1, respectively. Based on the PCA and HCA findings, the heavy metals were divided into two groups. The first group included Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu. In the first group, altered threshold‐surpassing anthropogenic and lithogenic pollution was found to be the main factor accounting for Pb and Zn. The second group involved Fe and Mn, which could be impacted by either anthropogenic and lithogenic factors. Furthermore, the geo‐statistical results demonstrated higher contents of the heavy metals in the south of the mine and in the vicinity of the mine tailings. It may be concluded from the results that the heavy metal contents of the area are impacted by anthropogenic and lithogenic factors.

Background: To investigate Molecular Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Humans in the Yazd County, Central of Iran. Methods: Total of 35 fecal samples were collected from patients referred to Yazd central laboratory from February to July 2022. All the samples were included in this study after microscopic observation of G duodenalis. DNA samples were extracted using related kit and were analyzed by Nano Drop. The molecular assessment was carried out using semi-nested PCR using the target gene of gdh. All amplified samples were sequenced using Sanger method. The sequences were analyzed by BLAST for assemblage identification. Results: Out of 35 samples, 24 (68.57%) and 11 (31.43%) were male and female, respectively. All included samples were amplified using the specific gdh primer pair. The molecular analysis showed 17 isolates (48.57%) as assemblage BIV, 8 isolates (22.86%) as assemblage BIII, 6 isolates (17.14%) as assemblage AII and 4 isolates (11.43%) as assemblage AIII (p

Mines have a considerable role in polluting the environment. Greenhouse gases and wastes mainly cause pollution. In this regard, trucks that carry ores in a mine are a primary source of these pollutants. Selecting trucks with low fuel consumption can help to reduce pollution. The present research seeks to evaluate the effects of the objectives (Cost objectives, Production objectives, and Environmental objectives) in mines on the type of trucks to select and the routes they take, as well as the effect of the duration of stone transportation on pollution. The study's data were obtained from the Chadormalu iron mine in Yazd Province. As the results showed, the objectives set in the mine affect the CO2 level, and the goals followed with human health concerns induce lower CO2 emissions. It found that the time ores are transported by trucks affects the CO2 level. However, only the objective type affects the waste level resulting from tailings, not the speed of trucks. It is recommended that the duration of truck loading and unloading and the time the trucks waste waiting in lines be reduced to the extent possible to lower CO2 emission.

Background: The antibiotic resistance of microorganisms is escalating rapidly. Infections caused by opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised individuals have prompted researchers to seek for potent and safe antibacterial agents. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the suppression of virulence gene expression, specifically the pga operon genes responsible in biofilm formation in Acinetobacter baumannii, through the utilization of metabolites obtained from probiotic bacteria. Methods: To assess the antimicrobial properties, standard strains of five probiotic bacteria were tested against a standard strain of multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii employing the agar gel diffusion technique. Following the identification of the most potent probiotic strain (Bacillus licheniformis), the existence of its LanA and LanM genes was confirmed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques were employed to identify the intended metabolite, which was found to be a lipopeptide nature. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and anti-biofilm activity of the targeted metabolite were determined using a dilution method in 96-well microplates and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Real-time PCR (qPCR) was utilized for comparing the expression of pga operon genes, including pgaABCD, in A. baumannii pre- and post-exposure to the derived lipopeptide. Results: The MIC results indicated that the probiotic product inhibited the growth of A. baumannii at concentrations lower than those needed for conventional antibiotics. Furthermore, it was observed that the desired genes’ expression decreased due to the effect of this substance. Conclusions: This research concludes that the B. licheniformis probiotic product could be a viable alternative for combating drug resistance in A. baumannii.

Executive functions play an essential role in the cognitive and social development of individuals. In recent years, executive functions have been studied as one of the most important neuropsychological variables affecting the reform and development of teachers' professions and as a result, better academic and social performance of students. This study aimed at designing and validating an executive function training program for elementary school teachers. The qualitative research method was used for the design and development part. To validate the program, the face validity method and the content validity method with a panel of 10 experts were used. To calculate the content validity, two relative content validity coefficients (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were used. The minimum and maximum CVR for each item or component of the program were calculated. They were 0.80 and 1, respectively. Also, the minimum and maximum CVI rates for each item or component of the program were 0.80 and 0.93, respectively. Finally, the average content validity index for the whole program was 0.85. The results showed that the executive functions training program for primary school teachers has face and content validity and has the necessary validity for use in educational centers, in-service courses, and for research, and extracurricular classes in schools.

Background & objectives: The interaction of Leishmania spp. with microbiota inside the midgut vector has significant output in pathogenesis. This study aimed to identify the profile of Leishmania majorgene expression of LACK, gp63, and hsp70after exposure to Staphylococcus aureusand group A beta-hemolytic Streptococci (GABHS). Methods: Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER) promastigotes were exposed with S. aureus, with GABHS, and with both GABHS and S. aureus at 25°C for 72 h. The gene expression analysis of Lmgp63, Lmhsp70,and LmLACKwas assessed using SYBR Green real-time PCR by ΔΔCt. All experiments were repeated in triplicate. Statistical analysis was done using two-way ANOVA. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Lmgp63 was expressed in the group exposed to GABHS with 1.75-fold lower than the control group (p=0.000). The LmLACK had expression in both groups exposed with GABHS and GABHS with S. aureus with 2.8 and 1.33-fold more than the control group, respectively (p=0.000). The Lmhsp70 gene expression was reported in the group exposed with GABHS with relative quantification of 5.7-fold more than the control group. Interpretation & conclusion: This study showed that the important genes encoding LACK, gp63, and hsp70 changed their expression after exposure to the S. aureus and GABHS.

In this paper, we study the DoF of the time-selective $M\times N$ wireless $X$ -network assisted by an IRS. It is well-known that the DoF of the $M\times N$ wireless $X$ -network is ${}\frac {MN}{M+N-1}$ . We show that the maximum DoF of $\min \{M,N\}$ can be achieved when the IRS has enough elements. We consider two kinds of active and passive IRSs. We also consider two different scenarios, where the channel coefficients for IRS elements are either independent or correlated. For the $M\times N$ wireless $X$ -network assisted by an active IRS with independent channel coefficients, we derive the inner and outer bounds on the DoF region and the lower and upper bounds on the sum DoF. We show that the maximum value for the sum DoF, i.e., $\min (M,N)$ , is achievable if the number of elements is more than a threshold for the active IRS, which is equal to the approximate capacity of $\min \{M,N\}\log (\rho +1)+o(\log (\rho))$ for the IRS-assisted $X$ -network, where $\rho $ is the transmission power. For the $M\times N$ wireless $X$ -network assisted by a passive IRS with the assumption of independent and correlated channel coefficients for IRS elements, we introduce probabilistic inner and outer bounds on the DoF region, and the probabilistic lower and upper bounds on the sum DoF and show that the proposed lower bound for the sum DoF asymptotically approaches $\min (M,N)$ with an order of at least $O\left({{}\frac {1}{Q}}\right)$ for independent channel coefficients (i.e., the sum DoF is $\min \{M,N\}\left({1-O\left({\frac {1}{Q}}\right)}\right)$ ), which is equal to the approximate capacity of $\min \{M,N\}\left({1-O\left({{}\frac {1}{Q}}\right)}\right)\log (\rho +1)+o(\log (\rho))$ and $O\left({{}\frac {1}{\sqrt {Q}}}\right)$ for correlated channel coefficients (i.e., the sum DoF is $\min \{M,N\}\left({1-O\left({{}\frac {1}{\sqrt {Q}}}\right)}\right)$ , which is equal to the approximate capacity of $\min \{M,N\}\left({1-O\left({{}\frac {1}{\sqrt {Q}}}\right)}\right)\log (\rho +1)+o(\log (\rho)))$ , where $Q$ is the number of IRS elements. Thus, this decrement in the order of convergence shows the performance loss for correlated IRS elements. In addition, we extend the lower bound of the sum DoF proposed for the active IRS with independent channel coefficients to the scenario with correlated channel coefficients, i.e., the sum DoF is the same as independent IRS elements for $\min \{M,N\}\le 5$ and $Q\le 20$ , and for other cases, the sum DoF converges to $\min \{M,N\}$ with an order of at least $O\left({{}\frac {1}{\sqrt {Q}}}\right)$ .

Abstract Iran's most important iron ore mine is located in the central region, and because of the water shortage in this area, the need to reuse the effluent from this mine is essential. On the other hand, there are no suitable conditions for treating large effluent volumes in iron mine in central Iran. For this reason, produced effluent should be reduced and returned to the consumption cycle by using appropriate technology. This study aimed to investigate the ozonation/lime effect on polymer consumption reduction and evaluate the treatment and economic efficiency compared to the currently used treatment method (coagulation-flocculation without ozonation/lime). The use of ozonation along with the coagulation and flocculation process has been an effective factor in reducing all the studied indicators, which has been a much more significant reduction effect for turbidity (95%), decreasing from 374-350NTU in the non-ozonation process to 110-160NTU, and Chemical oxygen demand (37%). In addition to increasing the treatment efficiency, the hybrid ozonation/coagulation and flocculation process reduced operation costs. The ozonation process caused the high-level conversion of Fe2+ and Al2+ to Fe3+ and Al3+ (> 90%), thus it improved wastewater treatment and increased cost benefit. The hybrid process was affected in improving the effluent quality and reducing the produced sludge volume. The ozonation process caused sludge volume reduction or has photocatalytic effect on it. It effected the micro-sized bubbles production reduction in sludge volume unit. However, estimating the cost–benefit of using this method can be beneficial in making the final decision on whether to use it or not.

Solution-Focused Therapy is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on solutions rather than on gaining insight into challenges and concerns. This approach used a variety of principles to generate solutions for those who need them through a therapeutic process. The current study aimed to examine the effectiveness of solution-oriented approach on marital adjustment in conflicted couples in Kermanshah (Iran). This experimental study was conducted with an experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group design. The statistical population included all the conflicted couples in Kermanshah city in 2020 that referred to Kermanshah counseling centers due to marital conflicts and received a diagnosis of marital conflict by a psychologist. Participants were 30 couples were selected by random sampling and randomly assigned in experimental and control groups (15 couples in each group). Pre-test and posttest was administered in the control and experimental groups before and after intervention. Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) and Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory were used to collecting data. For analyzing the data Covariance analysis was used. The results indicated that the solution-oriented approach is effective on marital adjustment in conflicting couples. Overall, results support the use of SFT in increasing the marital adjustment and provide an effective approach that is more strength based and fewer problems focused.

Abstract Background Love of the profession has significant relationship with nurses’ job motivation and care quality. However, there is limited information about organizational and environmental factors affecting love of the profession among nurses. Aim This study aimed at exploring nurses’ experiences of the role of organizational and environmental factors in the development of love of the profession. Methods This qualitative study was conducted in 2020–2021 using the conventional content analysis approach. Participants were Fifteen Iranian nurses with deep love of the profession, nursing instructors, and nursing managers purposefully selected from different healthcare and academic settings in seven large cities of Iran. Data were gathered via semi-structured interviews and were analyzed via the conventional content analysis method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Results Organizational and environmental factors affecting the development of love of the profession were grouped into three main categories: The social context of the profession (with two subcategories), family support (with two subcategories), and organizational health (with four subcategories). Subcategories were respectively historical context of the profession, the evolving context, emotional family support, instrumental family support, quality of interpersonal relationships in the organization, level of organizational justice, level of authority delegation to nurses, and level of organizational support. Conclusion Different organizational and environmental factors can affect nurses’ love of the profession development. Improving public image of nursing, providing nurses with stronger support, improving organizational climate, and strengthening interpersonal relationships in healthcare settings are recommended to develop nurses’ Love of the profession.

Academic engagement is a crucial construct in educational psychology. Academic engagement depends on a range of aspects that are associated to student characteristics, teacher, teaching methods, peers, and school features. This research aimed to examine the role of social support in predicting academic engagement mediated by empathy in high school students. We used a descriptive correlation design and examined the proposed model via structural equation modeling. The studied population included all female high school students of Baharestan, Tehran (Iran) in 2022. Participants were 320 people were selected by accessible sampling method. We used the Vaux social support appraisals (SS-A) scale, Fredricks school engagement and Adolescent Measure of Empathy and Sympathy (AMES) to collect data. Our results indicated that social support has a direct and positive effect on empathy (P< .01, β= .556) and empathy has a direct positive effect on students' academic engagement as well (P< .01, β= .329). Furthermore, social support affects students' academic engagement both directly (P < .01, β = .486) and through empathy (P < .01, β = .183). Overall, the results of this study exhibited that empathy can play a mediating role in the relationship between social support and students' academic engagement. The results point to the importance of considering emotional and social factors as predictors of academic engagement in high school students.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that affects more than 12 million people worldwide. After parasite inoculum by female blood-sucking insects, e.g. Phlebotomus, neutrophils quickly infiltrate and phagocytes Leishmania parasites. Macrophages are the second immune cells. They possess several pattern recognition receptors that respond to different surface molecules such as Lipophosphoglycan, glycoprotein 63 (GP63), PPG, GIPL, CP, and SAP. It was found that Leishmania GP63 cleaves several targets of infected macrophages, including the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate, p130CAS, PEST, NF-B, and AP-1. After activation of surface molecules, lipid metabolites of arachidonic acid, including leukotrienes and prostaglandins, are important mediators in Leishmaniasis. These lipid metabolites can be metabolized by different enzymes, including the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase.

Abstract Background Henna (Lawsonia inermis) with anti-bacterial properties has been widely used in traditional medicine especially Persian medicine. Henna oil is suggested for diseases of infectious origin, such as cervical ulcers. Group B Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and, Trichomonas vaginalis are involved in the infection of women especially cervicitis. Henna grows in dry and tropical regions. The main important landraces of henna landraces are cultivated in Kerman, Sistan and Baluchestan, Hormozgan, and Bushehr provinces in Iran. Proper use of antimicrobial agents, use of new antimicrobial strategies, and alternative methods, such as herbal methods may help reduce drug resistance in the future. This study’s objective was to investigate the anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity of three different henna landraces and antimicrobial effects against group B Streptococcus agalactiae and, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods Total phenol content was measured by Folin ciocaltu method. Antibacterial effect of landraces of Henna against P. aeruginosa and S. agalactiae were assayed by well diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration assessments were done using the broth micro-dilution technique. Anti-Trichomonas effect of Henna landraces were assayed by Hemocytometery method. Results Total phenol content of Shahdad, Rudbar-e-Jonub, and Qaleh Ganj was 206.51, 201.96, and 254.85 μg/ml, respectively. Shahdad, Rudbar-e-Jonub, and Qaleh Ganj had MIC against GBS at 15, 15 and, 4 μg/ml. The growth inhibition diameter of the most effective henna (Shahdad landrace) at a concentration of 20 μg/ml on P. aeruginosa was 2.46 ± 0.15 cm and in the MIC method at a concentration of 5 μg/ml of Shahdad landrace, P. aeruginosa did not grow. IC50 of shahdad Henna after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h was 7.54, 4.83 and 20.54 μg/ml, respectively. IC50 of Rudbar-e-Jonub extract was 5.76, 3.79 and 5.77 μg/ml in different days. IC50 of Qaleh Ganj extract was 6.09, 4.08 and 5.74 μg/ml in different days. Conclusions The amount of total phenol in Qaleh Ganj was higher than the other varieties. In the well diffusion method, Qaleh Ganj was more effective against group B Streptococcus (Gram-positive bacterium) than the other two landraces, and Shahdad landrace was more effective against P. aeruginosa (Gram-negative bacterium) than other. In the MIC method, the same result was obtained as in the well diffusion method, but at a lower concentration.

In this project, we employed ethanolic (EMI) and aqueous (AMI) extracts of mango (Mangifera indica L., Anacardiaceae) fruit seeds as a modulator of antibiotic resistance against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii to evaluate natural compounds isolated from by-products or waste of edible plants. We also investigated the effect of these extracts alone and in combination with standard classes of antibiotics in the desired strains. M. indica seeds were processed and exploited using ethanol and water. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of clinical isolates were examined against EMI and AMI extracts, followed by seven antibiotics of ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, penicillin, amikacin, meropenem, ampicillin, and colistin. The checkerboard method evaluated the synergistic action between mango kernel extract (EMI) and seven antibiotics. EMI extract significantly revealed antimicrobial properties against MDR A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa with synergistic effects with the applied antibiotics. The considerable antibacterial efficacy of ethanolic extract of M. indica seeds can have great curative value as antibacterial drugs against infections caused by MDR P.aeruginosa and A. baumannii.

Groundwater pollution is one of the major environmental concerns. The entrance of pollutants into the oligotrophic groundwater ecosystems alters native microbial community structure and metabolism. This study investigated the application of innovative Small Bioreactor Chambers and CaO2 nanoparticles for phenol removal within continuous-flow sand-packed columns for 6 months. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis were conducted to indicate the impact of attached biofilm on sand surfaces in bioremediation columns. Then, the influence of each method on the microbial biodiversity of the column’s groundwater was investigated by next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The results indicated that the simultaneous application of biostimulation and bioaugmentation completely eliminated phenol during the first 42 days. However, 80.2% of phenol remained in the natural bioremediation column at the end of the experiment. Microbial diversity was decreased by CaO2 injection while order-level groups known for phenol degradation such as Rhodobacterales and Xanthomonadales dominated in biostimulation columns. Genome-resolved comparative analyses of oligotrophic groundwater prokaryotic communities revealed that Burkholderiales, Micrococcales, and Cytophagales were the dominant members of the pristine groundwater. Six-month exposure of groundwater to phenol shifted the microbial population towards increasing the heterotrophic members of Desulfobacterales, Pseudomonadales, and Xanthomonadales with the degradation potential of phenol and other hydrocarbons.