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The occurrence of flood disasters is an annual unavoidable event in the Mejobo District, Kudus Regency. This study aims to map the vulnerable areas to floods in the Mejobo District using spatial modelling. The parameters used to determine the vulnerability areas include soil type, elevation, population density, river buffer, rainfall, and land use. The research location is situated in the Mejobo District. The research method employed is the models and multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques, with the assistance of ArcGIS software for data processing and analysis. The research findings yield a final map depicting flood vulnerability, which indicates the distribution of flood-prone areas. Areas with a high level of flood vulnerability are dispersed across agricultural fields and areas adjacent to rivers, covering an area of 1,770 hectares. Meanwhile, areas with a moderate level of vulnerability are predominantly distributed in residential areas, covering an area of 1,907 hectares.

The wave energy power generation-pendulum system (WEPG-PS) is a four-wheeled instrument designed to convert wave power into electric energy. The first wheel is connected to the pendulum by a double freewheel, the second and third are ordinary wheels, while the fourth is a converter component that is axially connected to the electric generator. This design used the Euler-Lagrange formalism and Runge-Kutta method to examine an ideal dimension and determine the numerical solution of the equation of motion related to the rotation speed of the wheels. The result showed that the WEPG-PS' converter system rotated properly when its mass, length, and moment of inertia are 10 kg, 2.0 m, and 0.25 kgm2, respectively. This is in addition to when the radius of the first, second, third, and fourth wheels are 0.5, 0.4, 0.2, and 0.01 m, with inertia values of 0.005, 0.004, 0.003, and 0.1 kgm2. The converter system has the ability to rotate the fourth wheel, which acts as the handle of an electric generator at an angular frequency of approximately 500 - 600 rad/s. The converter system is optimally rotated when driven by a minimum force of 5 N and maximum friction of 0.05. Therefore, the system is used to generate electricity at an amplitude of 0.3 - 0.61 m, 220 V with 50 Hz. Besides, the lower rotation speed and frequency of the energy converter of the WEPG-PS (300 rad/s) and induction generator (50 Hz) were able to generate electric power of 7.5 kW.

This research aims to create the 8+i link and match model as an embodiment of a healthy learning ecosystem between schools and the worlds of business and industry. The research technique is a mix of quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. The qualitative technique develops a basic list of success characteristics using meta-ethnography, whereas the quantitative approach defines the link between the variables under examination by establishing or building many latent variables that explain the relationship between variables using Aiken's formula and SPSS version 26. The study's findings demonstrate the success of the 8+i link and match model between Muhammadiyah 1 Ciputat vocational high school/"Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK)" Muhammadiyah 1 Ciputat and industry in generating efficiency and mutual benefits for both parties, not just ordinary collaboration, but intense collaboration from the curriculum development, learning, and industrial work practices designed collaboratively. The Implication of the 8+i link and match model if correctly implemented is that the industry will profit because the training expenses is reduced, and vocational high schools will benefit because their graduates is absorbed by the industry. Recommendations for the vocational high school curriculum must include schools, and industry, also Teaching personnel must include practitioners from industry as well as instructors from schools.

Fostering creative thinking in facilitating teaching and learning (TL) of entrepreneurship and STEM at the secondary schools is sparsely documented in the literature and warrants further Inquiry. Thus, this research aimed to assess secondary school students' entrepreneurial STEM creative thinking (E-STEM[superscript CT]). A comprehensive entrepreneurship-STEM module integrating socio-scientific issues (SSIs) and design thinking (DT) approach was meticulously designed to facilitate TL. A quasi-experimental quantitative study was conducted on 267 Form Four students aged 17 years old enrolled in rural secondary schools. Three intact groups were randomly divided into a) SSIs-DT approach, n=89), b) Design Thinking Approach (DT-A, n=90), and c) Conventional approach (CA, n=88). The E-STEM[superscript CT] test instrument was developed and applied to measure students' pre- and post-levels of E-STEN[superscript CT]. Rigorous statistical analysis employing MANCOVA, ANCOVA, and Effect Size techniques was conducted. MANCOVA results revealed statistically significant effects across all TL groups, indicating the effects of the interventions in fostering E-STEM[superscript CT]. Furthermore, ANCOVA analysis results indicated that the SSIs-DT integration approach significantly increased E-STEM[superscript CT] and its constructs: Inquiry, New Ideas, Design, Creation, and Commercialization compared to the DT-A and CA approaches. These results support the view that the SSIs-DT integration approach has a positive impact on fostering E-STEM[superscript CT] among secondary school students.

The shift from online to offline learning during the post-COVID-19 pandemic prevents pre-service EFL teachers from producing spontaneous oral utterances due to speaking anxiety. The article aims to determine the most preferential strategies that effectively cover speaking anxiety and identify a significant variation among the strategies. To meet such objectives, a survey research design was conducted. A Likert-scale questionnaire was distributed to 64 pre-service EFL teachers using online Google Forms. The responses were quantitatively analysed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc. The findings showed that pre-service EFL teachers favoured using cognitive strategies to overcome speaking anxiety. Additional results reveal that cognitive and metacognitive strategies were impactful in reducing anxiety; meanwhile, a combination of compensatory, affective, and social strategies also demonstrates slight effectiveness. Therefore, providing pre-service EFL teachers with training to develop cognitive and metacognitive strategies for coping with speaking anxiety is recommended.

Science learning today refers to the STEM approach from both primary education to higher education. Teaching materials are the second important part besides the role of creative and innovative teachers in the learning process. Teaching materials are used as learning resources that can be created and developed by the teacher according to the characteristics and needs of students and integrate other disciplines and values in it. The integration of several disciplines has a significant impact on learning outcomes. This study aims to understand the teacher's perception of the need for STEM-PjBL-based digital teaching materials integrated with local religion and wisdom. This research is the basis of development research conducted to develop digital science teaching materials based on STEM-PjBL integrated with religion and local wisdom. Respondents who participated in this study were 101 teachers from various islands in Indonesia. The technique used is a questionnaire by filling out ten questions on the questionnaire distributed via google form. The results showed that the teaching materials used by teachers in teaching science 55.45% came from the government in the form of teacher-student handbooks. The rest of the teachers use teaching materials sourced from publishers (39.60%) the rest use sources from the internet. There has not been found data on teachers using their own teaching materials or collaborating with the Teacher Working Group. While learning science as a whole without integrating other disciplines is 8.91%. Only 25.74% of teachers integrate technology and machines.

This study aims to determine the relationship between students' perception to the learning media, digital literacy skills, and self-regulated learning with students' cognitive learning outcomes in the rural area. This study was the ex post facto with quantitative data. The method used was differential causal comparative with multiple linear regression analysis. The three variables were measured using a questionnaire, cognitive learning outcomes was measured by test. The results showed that students' perception to the learning media, digital literacy skills, and self-regulated learning on students' cognitive learning outcomes had a moderate simultaneous relationship. The findings also showed that the contribution of self-regulated learning to the cognitive learning outcomes was the higher (71.42%). The contribution of the three variables to cognitive learning outcomes was 86.41%. Based on related facts, research recommendations can be expanded by measuring from several other rural areas and examining several other variables, especially those that support the learning process oriented towards empowering 21st century competencies by utilizing the latest technological developments and that can reach all regions of Indonesia, especially in rural areas so as to minimize the gap in the quality of education in Indonesia.

The phenomenon of sole-candidate regional head elections in Indonesia has posed several challenges to democratic principles, particularly with regard to legitimacy, accountability, and public participation. This research aims to analyze the legal implications of regional head elections with sole candidates from the perspective of Administrative Law and evaluate their impact on democracy. The method used in this study is normative legal research, employing a legal and conceptual approach that includes a detailed analysis of election regulations, legal doctrines, and relevant literature studies. This method provides a robust framework for understanding the interplay between regulatory frameworks and democratic principles. The research findings indicate that elections with a sole candidate have the potential to undermine the legitimacy of the elected leader, reduce political accountability, and decrease voter participation rates. As a result, there is an urgent need to reform the electoral regulatory framework in Indonesia. Key recommendations include lowering the nomination threshold to foster competition, increasing transparency in the nomination process to ensure fairness, and strengthening political education to encourage public participation. These steps aim to enhance the quality of democracy and prevent the recurrence of sole-candidate elections in the future.

Ternary hybrid nanofluids are crucial to be modeled and researched before their commercial application as a heat transfer fluid. This study investigates the stagnation point flow of a ternary hybrid nanofluid past a stretching/shrinking sheet, focusing on the influence of the melting parameter and second-order velocity slip. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are initially formulated and subsequently reduced to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These ODEs are further transformed into first-order form and numerically solved using the bvp4c solver in MATLAB. Stability analysis is conducted due to the existence of two potential solutions, of which only one proves stable upon analysis. The numerical results indicate significant enhancements in heat transfer performance under conditions of elevated melting and enhanced velocity slip. Reducing the melting parameter and second-order velocity slip may expand the solution range, leading to a delay in boundary layer separation. The stable numerical solution for the heat transfer rate is then validated with the use of a logic mining model namely Permutation 2 Satisfiability Reverse Analysis (P2SATRA). The most accurate induced logic, chosen to illustrate the overall relationship between the selected parameters is achieved in the third fold of a 10-fold cross-validation, yielding an accuracy of 0.81818.

University is a remarkable institution which is always expected to change the world through its constantly innovative technology and science advancement and civilization promotion. Academic institution relies on its efficacious leader with vision and implementation to fully accomplish its missions. However, limited attention goes to this crucial leader's requirements and characteristics, even faculty members in the higher education institutions studiously conduct research for external organizations. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis addressing innovative academic leader's characteristics based on the current global situation, university mission, and unique culture. Finally, this article concluds the competencies and characteristics of efficacious academic leader demands in this changing era: envisioning the institutional future, integrating social resources with reciprocity, modeling the way with morality and integrity, executing university missions with professions and humanity, empowering team members with full support, and inspiring students with humanity. Those integrated characters could effectively guide faculty members for their future self-development, and contribute to achieving university mission on science development, producing high-quality human resources, and contributing of the human civilization promotion. This conclusion retrospectively raises further suggestions for future study, how faculty members build these characters considering the unique and complex situation of interpersonal and external factors within the university.

The main objective of this study is to investigate the level of counselling competencies among trainee counsellors in supervision. It also aims to analyze the relationship between frequency of supervisions with counselling competencies. This study was conducted among trainee counsellors (counselling students) from nine public universities all across Malaysia that offer bachelor programmes in counselling. The respondents consisted of n=204 trainee counsellors and n=62 lecturer supervisors who were selected in pairs using stratified random sampling. The Counselling Competencies Scale was used to assess the counselling competencies of trainee counsellors. The results of the study revealed that most of the respondents were at the "meets expectations" level of the counselling competency. The results also showed that there was a significant relationship between the frequency of supervisions with two sub-scales of counselling competency, namely professional behaviour (d=0.180, p<0.009) and counselling skills (d=0.169, p<0.019). This research finding has implications for the training field of counselling education in Malaysia. Additional research on other areas, such as the other contribution factors toward the trainee counsellor's competency is needed for future studies.

This study was conducted to: 1) ascertain the validity, reliability, and feasibility of a module based on the socioscientific issue approach and design thinking model (SIA-DT), and 2) assess its effects on the entrepreneurial creative thinking (ECT) in STEM education. The first phase of ECT module validation was conducted with the assistance of three expert evaluators and 32 students. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and the ECT test were used to collect data. The second phase consists of evaluation using a quasi-experimental design with a Pre-Post Test of Non-Equivalent Control Groups. A total of 64 Form Four students were divided into two groups: SIA-DT (n = 32) and control (n = 32). The ECT module has a high validity value and an acceptable Cronbach's alpha reliability of 0.92. The ECT Module's feasibility was substantiated by a mean score of 4.71. The results of the independent-sample t-test prove that there is a significant difference in the post-test for students in the SIA-DT group compared to the control group in ECT and five constructs of ECT. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that the ECT Module is valid, reliable, and feasible in STEM education and that it is effective in enhancing students' ECT.

The integration of technology into learning assessment activities makes it easy for educators to carry out online assessments which provide convenience for students and an effective assessment. The purpose of this research is to find out the response of students in the Biology Education Study Program towards online assessment platforms for Biology materials and learning. This typed of researched was quantitative descriptive used a surveyed method which had been carried out in the odd semester of 2021/2022 with the researched subjects being active students of Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, a total of 114 students. The data collection technique used a surveyed method used Google Form and the data was analyzed descriptively. The results of the studied showed that of the 5 assessment platforms used in the researched, Quizizz and Google Form platforms was the preferred assessment platforms by students The results of this study indicate that in the future we need a product that can meet the needs of the assessment and according to the needs of the respondents. This product corresponds to the advantages and disadvantages of each online assessment platform. Thus, creating a more effective and efficient online assessment platform.

Normatively, debates in election is aimed to provide a platform for communicating the idas of candidtaes to the voters. However, in practice what is shown in the floor and screen of debates is often more than this. Based on the comunication theory of dialectic reality, this research aims to understand the social drama and the consturction of reality in the dialectical reality in the 5th presidential debate of the 2024 election in Indonesia, which was shown live in the social media of Indonesian election commitee (KPU), particularly itsYouTube channel. This research is imp[ortant to reveal how the performance displayed causes message distortion, which may shift the focus of the away fromcontent does not reach the public. Using mix method, this research analyzes the process of conveying messages from the costume structure, the content of the debate substance, and the role of new media that displays it. The data present the display of the costumes of the three presidential candidates in the 5th debate, the cirrus of the substance of the debate theme and public comments on the KPU RI YouTube, and the trends of the role of new media. This research conducted the data analysis map ussing Voyant.tools and ytcomment.kmcat.uk/. The results of this study show that First, the costumes of the presidential candidates in the drama of the debate show have elements of representation of cultural and political values. Second, the 5th presidential debate of the 2024 candidates showed a dialectical reality in the form of a stage drama related to the substance of the debate theme (social welfare, culture, education, information technology, health, and employment) with public comments on the YouTube platform. Third, new media has a role in transforming the dialectical reality of the debate event into a social drama in YouTube comments.

Indonesia's full membership in the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) occurred at the end of the FATF Plenary Session on October 27, 2023, in Paris, France. Indonesia's acceptance as the 40th member of the FATF results from a long road traveled over the years and is an international recognition of Indonesia's efforts in combating money laundering and terrorism financing. FATF is an important forum for Indonesia to be understood as a safe investment country and a supporting factor for the standard context of countries in establishing business relations with the international community. This research analyzes Indonesia's interest in becoming a full member of the FATF which can be explained based on national interest theory and rational choice theory using literature-based data collection techniques. Despite the costs of membership and obligations, Indonesia's decision to become a full member of the FATF is considered appropriate because it can improve the integrity of the financial system, strengthen its position in the global economy, and have a positive reputation internationally. Keanggotaan penuh Indonesia di Financial Action Task Force (FATF) terjadi pada akhir Sidang Pleno FATF pada 27 Oktober 2023 di Paris, Prancis. Diterimanya Indonesia sebagai anggota ke-40 FATF merupakan hasil dari jalan panjang yang telah dilalui selama bertahun-tahun dan merupakan pengakuan internasional atas upaya Indonesia dalam memerangi pencucian uang dan pendanaan terorisme. FATF merupakan forum penting agar Indonesia dapat dipahami sebagai negara investasi yang aman dan faktor pendukung untuk standar konteks negara-negara dalam menjalin hubungan bisnis dengan dunia internasional. Penelitian ini menganalisis kepentingan Indonesia untuk menjadi anggota penuh di FATF yang dapat dijelaskan berdasarkan teori kepentingan nasional dan teori pilihan rasional dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berbasis literatur. Meskipun terdapat biaya keanggotan dan kewajiban, keputusan Indonesia menjadi anggota penuh FATF dinilai tepat karena dapat meningkatkan integritas sistem keuangan, memperkuat posisi dalam perekonomian global, dan reputasi positif di dunia internasional.

This study aims to analyze the effect of investment decisions and stock prices on the company value in the infrastructure sector, moderated by profitability. The study uses multiple linear regression to examine the relationships between variables, with secondary data obtained from the financial statements of infrastructure companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period of 2018-2021. The independent variables used in this study are investment decisions, measured by the Price Earnings Ratio (PER), stock price, measured by closing share price, and profitability, measured by Return on Equity (ROE). The dependent variable is company value, measured by Price to Book Value (PBV). The results of the study show that investment decisions and stock prices have a positive and significant effect on company value. However, profitability does not moderate the relationship between investment decisions and stock prices on company value. The implications of this study’s findings suggest that infrastructure companies should pay attention to investment decisions and strategies that can influence stock prices, as both have a significant impact on increasing company value. Additionally, although profitability does not moderate the relationship, companies should still maintain profitable performance to ensure the sustainability of healthy operations.

One of the most suitable methods for mass production of complicated shapes is injection molding due to its superior production speed and quality. Plastic injection is the process of forming products from plastic materials with variations in shape and size. Controlling the quality of plastic products is an important aspect of the plastic injection molding process. To achieve high process effectiveness and desired product quality, correct and precise parameter settings are essential. One of the benchmarks for assessing the productivity and efficiency of an industry is to look at the level of product defects that occur in producing a product. This article aims to provide a brief review of the explanation of injection molding, types of molding, types of injection failure, experimental methods in determining injection molding parameters. Types of failure in the injection process such as short shot, weld mark, warpage, sink mark, air trap, black spot, flashing, hole, over molding, delamination. The experimental method determines parameters such as the Taguchi method, ANOVA method, hard computing techniques. The future will likely tend to use AI techniques as has happened with other methods in manufacturing processes to complement conventional techniques in determining injection molding process parameters.

Applications for worm gear drives are common in industry. The crown worm drive is a new kind of inventive worm drive that has just been proposed. Nevertheless, no prior research has been done on the geometric design of crown worm gears with straight-lined blade profiles. On the other hand, designing the cutting tool depends on the geometric design of the workpiece surface modeling. As a result, this study proposed a geometric design for the straight-lined blade shape of the crown worm gear. Numerical examples are used to evaluate the accuracy and applicability of the suggested mathematical model. Furthermore, the modeling of a variable center-distance crown worm gear is completed. It is also feasible to model the crown worm gear using different tool profiles, such as concave and convex profiles.

This study aims to analyze and empirically test the impact of financial leverage on investment decisions, firms' value, and the role of investment decisions as a mediator. This study uses a quantitative approach with secondary data. Manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2022 are the research population. Sampling was done using purposive sampling, and a sample of 117 companies was obtained. The data analysis technique used structural equation modeling. The study's results showed that leverage did not affect investment decisions. However, leverage showed a positive effect on firms' value. Investment decisions have a positive effect on firms' value. Investment decisions can mediate the effect of leverage on firms' value. This study theoretically offers a framework for understanding the role of financial leverage on firm value through investment decisions. In addition, this study can be a reference for further research. Practically, this study can be a reference for investors in choosing stock investments and stakeholders in manufacturing companies to overcome obstacles, maximize market value, and optimize capital structure.

The menace of threats against information security worldwide cannot be overemphasis. The whole gamut of statecraft, national security, public safety, international trade and indeed postmodernity revolves around information security. As a country, Nigeria is part of a global system facing this monumental threat and institutions of higher education are a subset of the vulnerability circle. This work therefore seeks to evaluate the challenges of implementation of information security laws and legislations in Nigerian institutions of higher education with special focus of higher education institutions in Yola, Adamawa State. Generally, the work investigated the impact of information security threats and attacks in institutions of higher learning, the role of security laws and legislations in combating these threats, the challenges of information security threats management and indeed possible solutions to these challenges. The work utilised a qualitative research method through the application of archival and documentary research, and Case study research (multiple case study) and interviews from a selected sample. Consequently, the study was able to evaluate the state of awareness of information security in this sector, the implementation challenges of the existing information security laws and regulations and offered valuable policy recommendations to the various stakeholders on how to implement sustainable information security laws and legislations to guarantee the protection of critical data assets not just in institutions of higher education in Nigeria but the entire country and in tandem with global best practice.

Secondary battery solid electrolytes attract researchers' attention for being one of the components of the anode and cathode separation in batteries. Currently, battery electrolytes on the market are liquid-based, which have weaknesses in their safety and are not environmentally friendly. Solid-based electrolytes can be a good choice since they excel in the safety and stability of mechanical and electrical properties; however, they still have the disadvantage of low conductivity values (~10-4 - 10-6 S/cm), thus requiring modification. The solid electrolytes modification using chitosan can be done by adding other polymers and salts as fillers and Li+ ion-making agents. This scientific paper offers an overview of the development of chitosan-based secondary battery solid electrolytes with the addition of PEG4000 polymer and LiCF3SO3. The study was conducted using the solution casting method producing solid electrolytes in the form of membranes. The addition of PEG4000 and LiCF3SO3 affected the microstructure and electrical permittivity of the polymer solid electrolyte membrane. PEG4000 as a plasticizer had no significant effect on inter- and intra-molecular bonds due to poor membrane homogeneity; meanwhile, LiCF3SO3 could increase the permittivity and ionic conductivity of the chitosan polymer solid electrolyte membrane to 3.199 x 10-7 S/cm. The chitosan polymer solid electrolyte membrane with the addition of PEG4000 and 30% LiCF3SO3 salt has an optimal value compared to other salt concentration variations. The results of this research concluded that LiCF3SO3 is evenly dispersed in the chitosan/PEG4000 solid polymer electrolyte membrane enabling it to be used as a secondary battery solid electrolyte.

This study aims to describe the physical fitness levels of students at SDN 5 Sungai Ulin based on the results of the TKSI Stage B test, evaluated by individual test items. A descriptive quantitative approach was used in this research. The study was conducted at the elementary school field of SDN 5 Sungai Ulin, Banjarbaru. The subjects were third and fourth-grade students, consisting of 104 students (52 males and 52 females) aged 8-10 years during the 2024/2025 academic year. The survey method was employed, with data collected through the Indonesian Student Fitness Test (TKSI). The Stage B TKSI results include five main assessment items: V Sit and Reach Test, Half Up Test, Hand-Eye Coordination Test, T-test, and Around the World Test. These five fitness tests provide a comprehensive picture of various physical fitness aspects, including flexibility, abdominal strength, hand-eye coordination, agility, and cardiovascular endurance. In general, most students fall within the "Moderate" to "Poor" categories. Flexibility and hand-eye coordination showed relatively good results, particularly among female students. However, agility and aerobic endurance require significant improvement, with most students categorized as "Poor".

The rapid advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has created potential for progress in various aspects of life. However, the increasing number of IoT devices also raises the risk of cyberattacks, particularly IoT botnets often exploited by attackers. This is largely due to the limitations of IoT devices, such as constraints in capacity, power, and memory, necessitating an efficient detection system. This study aims to develop a resource-efficient botnet detection system by using the Self-Organizing Feature Map (SOFM) dimensionality reduction method in combination with machine learning algorithms. The proposed method includes a feature engineering process using SOFM to address high-dimensional data, followed by classification with various machine learning algorithms. The experiments evaluate performance based on accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, False Positive Rate (FPR), and False Negative Rate (FNR). Results show that the Decision Tree algorithm achieved the highest accuracy rate of 97.24%, with a sensitivity of 0.9523, specificity of 0.9932, and a fast execution time of 100.66 seconds. The use of SOFM successfully reduced memory consumption from 3.08 GB to 923MB. Experimental results indicate that this approach is effective for enhancing IoT security in resource-constrained devices.

Indonesia’s Constitutional Court introduced the concept of meaningful participation in the lawmaking process, emphasizing the right to be heard, considered, and explained. This concept was institutionalized through amendments to the Law on Lawmaking Procedures (Law Number 13 of 2022). However, meaningful participation remains poorly implemented, as demonstrated by the lack of public involvement in the issuance of the Government Regulation in Lieu of Law legalizing the Omnibus Law on Job Creation and the Constitutional Court's ruling on Law Number 6 of 2023 (Job Creation Law 2.0), which deemed public participation irrelevant for emergency laws. These developments highlight inconsistencies in applying the principle of meaningful participation in Indonesia’s legislative practices. This research evaluates the institutionalization of meaningful participation in Law Number 13 of 2022 and its practical application in Indonesia’s lawmaking process. This research uses doctrinal legal research methods by examining library materials and secondary data to analyze the legal framework and its implementation. The findings reveal a significant gap between the theoretical framework of meaningful participation and its application in practice, particularly in emergency lawmaking. In conclusion, while the institutionalization of meaningful participation reflects a positive step, inconsistent application undermines its potential to enhance democratic governance in Indonesia.

Development of a carbon electrode sensor from used tire waste via pyrolysis, modified with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for mercury detection using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) method. EDTA plays a role in metal complexation due to its strong response to mercury metal. The FTIR results of the carbon electrode and EDTA show a C–N bond at a wavenumber of 1,217.08 cm−1, indicating the presence of EDTA. The SEM results reveal a clear difference between the unmodified carbon electrode and the EDTA-modified carbon electrode. The calibration graph is linear, with an R2 value of 0.9961, a sensitivity of 0.3472, as well as LoD and LoQ values of 0.03 and 0.08 ppm, respectively. The correlation coefficient is less than 2%, and the %recovery is within the allowable error range. Mercury measurements in Sungai Mas water samples, Aceh Barat, using voltammetry and AAS, exceed the threshold set by Indonesian Government Regulation (PPRI) No. 22 of 2021. The t-test results for the two Hg measurement methods at a 5% significance level (α) show that tcalculated < ttable (0.083 < 2.571). This indicates no significant difference between the voltammetry and AAS methods for measuring Hg concentrations in water.

The Internet of Things (IoT) emerged as a pivotal catalyst in shaping the landscape of Industrial Revolution 4.0. Its integration within the manufacturing sector holds transformative potential for enhancing productivity on the production shop floor. Real-time monitoring of production processes becomes feasible through the implementation of IoT. Allows companies to promptly assess whether production outcomes align with predetermined plans, facilitating agile adjustments for swift improvements. In the face of volatile consumer demand, the company can efficiently strategize planned production approaches in response to significant shifts in consumer needs. This study endeavours to design a robust real-time production monitoring system employing the Internet of Things paradigm. The system's architecture emphasizes embedding sensors within the production floor processes to discern product types. Subsequently, a web platform enables seamless dissemination of production data to all relevant components. By leveraging real-time monitoring capabilities through IoT, the company gains the agility to swiftly decide and adapt production strategies, especially amid dynamic shifts in consumer demand.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have proven their value in diverse multidisciplinary applications. For this purpose, the current study sheds light on time-reliant properties of electrically conducting flow of hybrid carbon nanotubes, scenario involving joule dissipation at a permeable cylinder that can expand and shrink. To get a precise insight into numerical outcome, the unsteady governing momentum and energy equations in cylindrical coordinates rendered into pertinent ODEs via incorporating the rescaling technique, Thereafter, the rendered equations cracked numerically via a built-in function in MATLAB (BVP4C) package. Notably, the sundry parameters yield two distinct solutions in both assisting and opposing zones, so the flow separation is identified. The governing physical factors are well explored through various graphical forms with physical explanations. Graphical observations declare, that heightening the value of curvature and volume fraction parameters contributes to speed up the onset of turbulence flow, augmentation in skin friction rate is noted through unsteadiness, magnetic field, and curvature parameters. Additionally, the stability assessment clearly specifies the mathematical robustness of the first branch as time passes. This study stands out for it is an inimitable configuration that holds significant addition in optimization of modern heat transfer applications.

Polypropylene (PP) has recently been actively investigated as a potential power cable insulation substitute for crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE). This is mainly due to PP's higher thermal withstand capability over XLPE. Notably, PP has much higher stiffness than XLPE and therefore needs to be modified with tougher materials to reduce its overall stiffness while maintaining its desirable dielectric properties. To date, many investigations have been conducted on the mechanical and dielectric effects of PP blended with various copolymers. Nevertheless, systematic investigations on the dielectric effects of PP blended with ethylene-based copolymers having different ethylene contents are less explored. The current work therefore reports on the impact of different ethylene contents of ethylene-based copolymers on the breakdown performances of PP. The findings reveal that PP blended with a copolymer having a low ethylene content (68.7 wt%) results in at least 11% higher breakdown performance than PP containing a copolymer having a high ethylene content (77.0 wt%). Specifically, PP containing 10 wt% of copolymers having 68.7 wt% of ethylene content results in comparable breakdown performance to XLPE (325 kV mm J). These results suggest that ethylenc-based copolymers with an appropriately low ethylene content can be blended with PP to achieve desirable breakdown properties. Highlights * PP is blended with copolymers of varying amounts and ethylene contents. * PP blended with low amounts of copolymers has good breakdown strength. * PP blended with low ethylene level copolymers has favorable breakdown strength. * PP blended with copolymers of low ethylene contents is desirable. * The breakdown mechanisms are related with the structure and permittivity. KEYWORDS breakdown, copolymer, dielectric, polymer blend, polypropylene, 1 | INTRODUCTION To date, crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) is widely favored for insulating high voltage alternating current (HVAC) and high voltage direct current (HVDC) cables because of its outstanding dielectric [...]