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The subject of the study is the conceptual, theoretical, methodological and applied legal and economic principles of the nature and significance of civil law and labour contracts in public life. Methodology. The research is based on general scientific and special legal methods. The analysis helped to determine the quantitative and qualitative parameters which characterise civil law and employment contract as socio-economic and legal phenomena in modern society. The synthesis provided for the formation of common and distinctive features inherent in civil law and employment contract in modern society. With the help of the comparative legal method it was possible to distinguish the characteristic features of the civil law and labour contract in the economic sphere and the legal consolidation of the above categories in modern international and national legislation on the basis of the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the corresponding origin. The formal-legal method created the conditions for the formulation of conclusions on the effectiveness of the normative consolidation of the principle of freedom of contract within the limits of civil and labour legislation and for the determination of relevant regulatory proposals. The purpose of the article is to define the essence and significance of civil law and employment contracts in the economic and legal sphere. The results of the study show that the state of legal regulation of temporal restrictions on the exercise of private rights in Ukraine on the way to economic integration creates preconditions for its modernisation in terms of both general and special legal provisions. Conclusion. Contractual relations are one of the most important driving forces of civil turnover, as they mediate the movement of a number of non-property and property goods within civil and economic turnover. Based on the study of statistical data, it has been established that the civil law contract, together with the labour contract, creates conditions for the development of economic processes in quantitative and qualitative components due to its involvement as a means of moving material and immaterial goods in civil and economic turnover. At the same time, a civil law contract, due to its wide variability and direct involvement in certain economic processes, creates more important prerequisites for progress in the economic space, which is manifested in new types and forms of contracts of this type. The labour contract in its component aims, first of all, from the position considered, to ensure the social component in the implementation of the content of the right to work by guaranteeing certain social, including economic, standards. This is why, unlike civil law, labour law influences the economy of the country indirectly and with a much smaller specific weight. In the legal sphere, research into the legal nature and scope of contractual constructs in the civil and labour spheres testifies to the weight of the principle of freedom of contract, which, on the one hand, is established within the limits of civil legislation and, on the other, creates the conditions for the implementation of another, broader principle of freedom of work, which is based on the right of the individual to freedom of work as a natural and inalienable human right. The article points to the possibility of extending the principle of freedom of contract, along with civil law relations, to other related relations, primarily labour relations. Where the manifestation of the content of such a principle is the right holder's authorisation to behave in one of the following ways: 1) procedural (conclusion, amendment, termination of the contract); 2) selection of a counterparty; 3) determination of terms and conditions; 4) determination of the contract content.

The end-stage stage of chronic diseases of solid organs is rather significant in the structure of morbidity and mortality among patients worldwide. To date, there are more than six million patients in this status worldwide. Heart, liver and kidney transplantation is the gold standard of treatment for these patients. The number of transplants is growing every year.At the end of 2019, the world faced a new type of viral infection – SARS-CoV-2 – a highly contagious systemic respiratory disease transmitted by airborne droplets, which in three months led to a pandemic and killed hundreds of thousands of people. The pandemic has made adjustments to the structure of planned medical care. The number of planned operations has decreased significantly, and the number of the infection-associated complications has increased.Patients with end-stage chronic diseases initially have weakened immunity and represent the category most susceptible to the infection. At the moment, the question of patient management tactics remains open. There is no consensus on the patient management tactics before surgery and in the posttransplantation period for patients at the end-stage chronic disease of different organs. This topic requires further study and the development of treatment algorithms for such patients.

The aim of the present research is to identify whether teachers' attitudes towards the use of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in the Republic of Kazakhstan can undergo significant changes if they study a course introducing them to the fundamentals of CLIL. Despite the country's plans to adopt English as one of the languages of education, stakeholders' attitudes towards teaching through the medium of this language remain rather skeptical. A survey was held among Master's degree students majoring in Education (n = 59) at Pavlodar State University before the course and after its completion. Since it is the affective component that largely determines the quality of attitudes, the levels of participants' anxiety, self-esteem and motivation were used as the indicators. The tools for measuring these variables were the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Dembo-Rubinstein's Method of Self-esteem Measurement and Dubovitskaya's Diagnostics of Learning Motivation Orientation. The end-of-course results show a marked reduction in the level of participants' state anxiety, a growth in self-esteem in terms of the readiness to use CLIL,and a shift towards intrinsic motivation. It is argued that for attitudes shift to take place, it is necessary to adopt a constructivist approach to teaching and learning.

The process of atomic hydrogen penetration into the metal phase is complicated by the phase-boundary transition from the liquid and/or gas phase. That is why the cleanliness of metal and alloy surfaces is of particular importance. The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of surface pretreatment using photon pulses, ultrasound, and potential cycling on the parameters of hydrogen permeability for 48Cu52Pd metal cold-rolled membranes. The study was focused on a foil of copper-palladium homogeneous alloy with 48 at. % Cu and 52 at. % Pd composition. The studied samples were obtained by cold rolling and their thickness were 10 and 16 μm. Surface pretreatment included rinsing in acetone, using ultrasound, pulsed photon treatment, and quadruple potential cycling over a wide range of potentials. Electrochemical studies included cyclic voltammetry and cathode-anodic chronoamperometry in a deaerated 0.1 M H2SO4 solution. Hydrogen permeability was calculated using mathematical models for samples of finite and semi-infinite thickness. It was found that the surface treatment of a 48Cu52Pd foil with photon pulses leads to both an increase in the ionisation rate of atomic hydrogen and an increase in the roughness of the foil surface. The diffusion coefficient of atomic hydrogen does not depend on the method of surface pretreatment with ultrasound and photon pulses. The extraction rate constant for the extraction of the atomic hydrogen after photon treatment increases, which facilitates the processes of both H introduction and ionisation due to the release of active centres of the surface. Electrochemical cleaning of the surface during the quadruple potential cycling contributes to the growth of the extraction rate constant for the extraction of atomic hydrogen

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001

The purpose of the study was identification of the role of the chemical composition of Pd, Pb-alloys based of palladium in the processes of injection and extraction of atomic hydrogen. The objects of study were Pd-Pb alloy foils with a lead content of 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 at. %, representing the b-phase of the solid solution. Samples with a thickness of 40 to 62 µm were obtained by cold rolling. Hydrogen permeability was studied by cyclic voltammetry and two-stage cathode-anode chronoamperometry in deaerated solutions of 0.1 M H2SO4. The obtained results were processed according to a mathematical model developed for electrodes of semi-infinite thickness. The dependence of the hydrogen permeability coefficient, as well as the rate constants of the processes of injection and extraction of atomic hydrogen, on the chemical composition of the alloy has been revealed. It was found that the Pd–Pb alloy with a lead content of 5 at.% demonstrates the highest values of hydrogen permeability compared with samples of the same crystal structure, since the rate constant of atomic hydrogen injection is very sensitive to the alloy structure. The latter confirms that the phase-limiting transition of atomic hydrogen into the alloy is the rate-determining stage, at least in the initial period of time.

The coronavirus outbreak is a global event that has bypassed national borders and affected the entire world. Therefore, examining social representations of can reveal the problems that structure peoples experiences in a particular social context. To identify social representations of the coronavirus, the authors conducted a survey within the territory of the Sverdlovsk region. The survey covered the period from March 11 to May 11, 2020. The data were collected in two stages: at the first stage, there were 31 confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection in Russia, but no cases had yet been recorded in the Sverdlovsk region; at the second stage, the number of cases reached 1952 in the Sverdlovsk region and 221 344 throughout the country. The study used the word association tests, The Semantic Differential Scale (V.F. Petrenko), The Psychic Activation Assessment Methodology (L.A. Kurgan and T.A. Nemchin) and the questionnaire survey techniques. The findings showed that the significance of the coronavirus problem for the respondents varied in different periods of the pandemic. The core of the social representation is sustainable and coherent. It reflects the results of the media impact: death, panic. It also remains stable regardless of the time and involvement of the respondents in the pandemic. The potential alteration zone serves as a kind of taming of knowledge about the coronavirus, the operationalization of the coronavirus perception content into the language of changes in a persons everyday life - the coronavirus pandemic is understood as a flu epidemic and the need for self-isolation is a vacation, an opportunity to stay at home. Observation of the immediate affective reaction of the respondents to the trigger coronavirus uncovered the presence of emotional tension and the prevalence of negative experiences in them. The survey also showed that in the pandemic, being the main source of information and a means of communication, the media set trends for developing perceptions.

Актуальность. Вопрос об оценке уровня сформированного перцептивного доверия, возникающего при восприятии незнакомого лица в короткий промежуток времени, важен в плане растущего интереса к феномену доверия. Цель. Разработать тест, направленный на оценку уровня доверия к незнакомым людям и оценку его психометрических свойств (надeжность, валидность). Методы исследования. В процессе работы применялись общенаучные методы: теоретического анализа, сравнительного анализа, обобщения. Среди специальных методов были использованы: методы сбора информации (опрос в очной (интервью) и заочной форме (анкетирование)); анализ собранных данных с использованием сравнения, обобщения; методы обработки данных: статистическая обработка данных производилась с помощью программы IBM SPSS Statistics 27. Результаты. В статье изложены основные результаты психометрической проверки разработанного теста, направленного на оценку уровня перцептивного доверия. Предложен авторский вариант построения теста, который состоит из вопросов, представляющих собой ситуации, провоцирующие доверие. Область применения результатов. Разработанный тест можно использовать в исследовательских целях для оценки уровня перцептивного доверия, а также для определения значимости зрительного контакта для формирования доверия.

The aim of this study was to optimize a set of technological parameters (travel speed, extruder temperature, and extrusion rate) for 3D printing with a PEEK-based composite reinforced with 30 wt.% glass fibers (GFs). For this purpose, both Taguchi and finite element methods (FEM) were utilized. The artificial neural networks (ANNs) were implemented for computer simulation of full-scale experiments. Computed tomography of the additively manufactured (AM) samples showed that the optimal 3D printing parameters were the extruder temperature of 460 °C, the travel speed of 20 mm/min, and the extrusion rate of 4 rpm (the microextruder screw rotation speed). These values correlated well with those obtained by computer simulation using the ANNs. In such cases, the homogeneous micro- and macro-structures were formed with minimal sample distortions and porosity levels within 10 vol.% of both structures. The most likely reason for porosity was the expansion of the molten polymer when it had been squeezed out from the microextruder nozzle. It was concluded that the mechanical properties of such samples can be improved both by changing the 3D printing strategy to ensure the preferential orientation of GFs along the building direction and by reducing porosity via post-printing treatment or ultrasonic compaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Розглянуто основні напрямки, соціальні фактори, педагогічні умови і механізми розвитку моральної саморегуляції майбутніх учителів в умовах вищого навчального закладу. На підставі досліджень виявлено, що в процесі формування моральної культури майбутніх учителів велику роль відіграє сім’я і найближче соціальне оточення. Аргументовано, що серед майбутніх учителів існує певна обмеженість у сприйнятті різноманітних моральних норм і усвідомленні соціокультурної необхідності їх дотримання. Зроблено висновок, що процеси морального саморозвитку і саморегуляції поведінки майбутніх учителів можуть бути ефективними за умови, якщо вони опосередковуються комплексним впливом на їх внутрішній духовний світ, систему цінностей, уявлень, переконань та сенсожиттєвих орієнтирів.