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This study investigated the influence of Salvia barrelieri (SBA) methanol and decocted extracts (ME and DE) on intestinal transit (IT) and gastric emptying (GE) in mice. Only the doses of ME SBA induced a strong inhibition of GE at 46.82 ± 4.34, 54.71 ± 3.29 and 48.45 ± 1.33% (P≤0.0001) for the dosages 100, 200 or 400 mg·kg-1 respectively. The extracts by themselves had no effects on intestinal movement (only a slight, non–significant increase at 400 mg·kg-1). However, blocking muscarinic receptors resulted in a decrease in IT by 10.34 and 17.53% with ME and DE extracts, respectively, compared to control. Conversely, co–administration with L–arginine (Nitric Oxide donor) significantly decreased transit (47.31 and 50.80% for ME and DE, respectively), while inhibiting Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) with L–Nω–Nitro–Arginine (L–NNA) had a smaller effect (12.24 and 17.24% for ME and ED, respectively). Only ME SBA extracts significantly inhibited GE (46.82–54.71% decrease across doses), mimicking atropine’s effect. DE extracts and combining ME with atropine showed no significant impact. Interestingly, L–arginine only affected emptying with DE SBA (27.8% decrease), not ME SBA. Inhibiting NOS partially blocked the effect of ME SBA. These findings suggest that ME SBA extracts primarily target GE through mechanisms involving both muscarinic and NO pathways, while DE extracts have minimal effects. This study highlights the intricate interplay of pathways in gut function and the potential influence of extract type and formulation on their effectiveness.

Desertification is one of the main dangers that menace the arid and semi-arid regions. It is considered as one of the most important environmental problems of the 21st century. It is the result of a combination of direct and indirect factors; some of which are linked to the climate and anthropic activities. In fact, out of 238 million acres, 200 millions are located in Saharan zones, 20 million acres are in steppic zones (including the study region) with very fragile soil that is subject to the process of desertification, and almost 18 million acres are mountains, plains, and prays. This study is conducted to know the degree of the awareness of the inhabitants of the region of Khoubana regarding this serious phenomenon. It is a series of surveys with 151 informants, who had been chosen at random in Khoubana, M’cif, and El Houamed. Our findings show that the informants contributed positively to the surveys thanks to the importance of the topic

This article proposes a joint reading of the myths of Actaeon and Pentheus as treated in the Dionysiaca of Nonnus of Panopolis. This reading focuses on the notion of metamorphosis and considers the possibility that it does not actually take place. The fineness of the boundary between humans and animals and the blurring of this boundary are analysed here.

Background: Matricaria chamomilla L. (M. chamomilla) is a famous medicinal plant distributed worldwide. It is widely used in traditional medicine to treat all kinds of diseases, including infections, neuropsychiatric, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and liver disorders. It is also used as a sedative, antispasmodic, antiseptic, and antiemetic. Our aims in this study was thus to quantify the phenolic, flavonoids contents in the flower of this plant, and also to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant potential and the in vivo analgesic activity. Methods: The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the plant aqueous extract (MCAqE) were estimated using the Folin–Ciocalteu and AlCl3 colorimetric methods, respectively. However, DPPH method was used to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity. Analgesic activity was tested by acetic acid induced writhing model in mice. Results: Quantitative determination of total polyphenols and flavonoids revealed that this extract contained 158.41±1.6 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of dry extract and 37.06±0.56 mg quercetin equivalent/g of dry extract, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the plant extract was important (IC50=3.08±0.25 mg/mL). MCAqE extract, at 400 mg/kg, showed analgesic activity (39.60±8.70%) against acetic acid induced pain in mice while the standard reference drug Diclofenac sodium exhibited 90.44±2.80% activity at 10 mg/kg dose.

The genus Achillea (Yarrow)is one of the most important medicinal plants. Nowadays, different medicinal functions of yarrow such as spasmolytic, choleretic, treatment of wounds and anti-inflammatory activities, make it as an important medicinal plant. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of aqueous (AAE) and methanol (AME) extracts from the plant Achillea santolinoides L. (A. santolinoides L.) aerial parts in vitro. Quantitative evaluation of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and Bate Smith methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity was carried out using ABTS radical scavenging, alkaline DMSO superoxide radical scavenging and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC). The obtained results showed that the highest content in total phenolic, flavonoids and tannins was found in the AME with values of 210.78±0.001 µg GAE/mg Dw, 21.18±0.025 µg QE/mg DW and198.73±0.014µg TAE/mg DW, respectively. For the in vitro antioxidant activity, AME had the strongest ABTS and DMSO alkaline radical scavenging activity (IC50= 6.74±0.16 µg/mL and 15.13±0.92 µg/mL, respectively) and the CUPRAC reducing with A0.50 of 76.56±2.35 µg/mL. The results of the present study confirm the use of the genus Achillea in the treatment of various diseases as a powerful antioxidant.

Phlomis crinita is a plant species of the family Lamiaceae including more than 100 perennial herbs, shrubs, and sub-shrubs species native to the Mediterranean, Central Asia, and India. This species is commonly a good natural source of various secondary metabolites. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine phenolic content and antioxidant activity of hydromethanolic (PC ME) and aqueous extracts (PC AQE) of aerial parts of P. crinita. Total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins were quantified, respectively by the methods of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) and Bate-Smith method. The in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS•+ radical scavenging, β-carotene-linoleic acid, reducing power and ferrous ion chelating activity assays. PC ME showed high level of tannins (132,13 ±0.68 µg TAE/mg extract) and total phenolic content (82.71±0.79 µg GAE/mg extract), in addition a marked inhibiting oxidation activity of β-carotene/ linoleic acid (74.10%) was observed. Results showed also a higher iron-chelating activity of PC ME (0.20 mg/mL) compared to PC AQE (0.046 mg/mL). The plant extracts revealed a significant antioxidant activity as evidenced by the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.103 mg/mL for PC ME and 0.144 mg/mL for PC AQE) for DPPH assay and (IC50 = 0.0130 mg/mL for PC ME and 0.0187 mg/mL for PC AQE) , as well as the PC ME exhibits higher reducing power (IC50 =0.288mg/mL) than PC AQE (0.296 mg/mL). As a result, P.crinita is suggested as a promising and effective therapeutic medicinal plant for the treatment of several diseases.

Foeniculum vulgare Mill, known as fennel, is a medicinal plant of the Apiaceae family, widely used in traditional Algerian medicine. The aim of this study was to estimate the polyphenols and flavonoids content and to evaluate the antioxidant, the analgesic and the antiulcer activities of aqueous extract of F. vulgare seeds. Quantitative determination of total polyphenols and flavonoids revealed that this extract contained 551.45±0.010 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of dry extract and 284.83±0.008 mg quercetin equivalent/g of dry extract respectively. The study of the gastroprotective effect showed that this extract is able to protect the stomach against lesions induced by 70% ethanol. The percentages of protection were 55.54±6.99 and 71±3.09% for the 200 and 400 mg/kg doses respectively. The study of the analgesic activity indicated that the aqueous extract of F. vulgare reduced the pain induced by acetic acid (0.6%) with an inhibition rate of 47.89% and 68.65% for doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. Free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and iron chelation tests were applied to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity. The free radical scavenging activity of F. vulgare extract against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals revealed an IC50 value of IC50=30.91±0.49 mg/mL in comparison with gallic acid (0.038±0.0002 mg/mL). The iron chelating test showed that the extract had a high capacity for iron chelating, which was estimated at 0.346±0.003 mg/mL in comparison with the chelating reference agent, ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid.

Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl. , known as ‘Methnane’ in Algeria, is a widely medicinal plant used in folk medicine. In the present study, In vitro antioxidant activity of T. hirsta extracts and the impact of extraction solvent polarity on the antioxidant potential were investigated. Three types of polar solvents with decreasing polarity were chosen; water for decocted extract, methanol-water at 50% and absolute methanol for macerated extracts. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were evaluated and showed a high amount wihch decreases with increasing polarity. Antioxydant activity was assessed with different methods: ABTS assay for evaluation of scavenge activity, CUPRAC and reducing power for assessement of the reduction potential of T. hirsuta areal parts. The results showed that T. hirsuta areal parts exhibited a strong scavenging activity with significant difference between extracts in terms of their polarity. In the same line, the most polar aqueous decocted extract exhibited a considerable reducing activity followed by hydromethanolic and methanolic extract with increasing potential. These findings suggest the suitability of polar solvents for the extraction of phytochemical compounds from T. hirsuta areal parts and so, their antioxidant activity against several radicals and ions.

Objective. The present work was framed to study the relationship between body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and atherosclerosis risk factors on the basis of three lipid ratios in type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients.

Oxidative stress resulted from free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with many diseases. Phytotherapy has known a great evolution all the world and some medicinal plants are important remedies of some diseases. Myrtle (Mrytus communis L.) is a plant of Myrtaceae family which is common in the Mediterranean region, with flowering, always green leaves and fruit. This study aims to investigate in vitro antioxidant capacity of Myrtus communis berries methanol extract and its three fractions using five assays: ABTS scavenging radicals, metal chelating, hydrogen peroxide and inhibition of lipid peroxidation assays. EAE extract possessed the highest antioxidant activity in ABTS (EAE (IC50=2.5 µg/ml ) and lipid peroxidation models (90.17%). Whereas, AqE is the most active extract in metal chelating activity (IC50=0.73±0.03 mg/ml) and H2O2 assay. These results support the traditional use of this plant in healthcare and it could be a new source of antioxidant natural drugs.

Polyaniline (PAni)–coated ZnO–SiO2–based hybrid material was prepared successfully with the in-situ polymerisation method and the product was subsequently analysed using XPS, XRD, TEM, UV-vis, TGA, FTIR and BET. The optical band gap calculated from the Tauc plot was found to be 2.89 eV. Moreover, this work reports an extensive study of the effect of the SiO2 on the electrochemical performance of hybrid material based on ZnO and PAni employing cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, to evaluate the adsorption of methylene blue (MB), the parameters for the effectiveness of the adsorption process, including pH value, concentration and temperature, were investigated. The results indicated that the maximum adsorption of MB on the produced hybrid material occurred at pH 6.8 with a capacity reaching 71.2 mg.g−1. The thermodynamic studies indicate that the adsorption of MB on this adsorbent is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Furthermore, PAni@ZnO–SiO2 is attractive for treating the effluents containing dyes due to its recyclability and high removal capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAcetamiprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide used against various insect pests. Serious concerns are emerging regarding their adverse effects on non-target organisms and organs. This study aimed to investigate the mechanistic toxic effect of oral administration of acetamiprid at 21.7 and 43.4 mg/kg body weight on the histological structure and pancreatic function of male Wistar rats and the potential effect of carnosine in mitigating this toxicity for 30 consecutive days. Thirty-six animals were divided into six groups: the control group received distilled water, the second group received 200 mg/kg body weight of carnosine, two groups received 21.7 and 43.4 mg/kg of acetamiprid, and two groups received 21.7 and 43.4 mg/kg + 200 kg/kg body weight of acetamiprid and carnosine, respectively. Acetamiprid caused a significant decrease in body weight (p < 0.001), pancreatic somatic index (p < 0.001), and amylase level (p ≤ 0.0001) and increased lipase level (p ≤ 0.0001), blood glucose level (p ≤ 0.0001), histological scores (p ≤ 0.01), and malondialdehyde level (0.01<p < 0.0001). Administration of carnosine led to a slight improvement in the increase of lipase (p ≤ 0.01) and the decrease of amylase (p ≤ 0.001) secretions and prevention of histopathological features induced by acetamiprid. Our results pointed out for the first time the toxic effect of acetamiprid and the preventive effect of carnosine on rat pancreatic structure and function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum OV50 is a novel strain that was isolated from Algerian olives. Prior to its use as a natural biopreservative, OV50 underwent characterization for various functions. OV50 shows no proteolytic, lipolytic, or hemolytic activity. In addition, it is non-cytotoxic to eukaryotic cells and does not exhibit acquired antibiotic resistance. OV50 was tested with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27835, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, and Vibrio cholerae ATCC 14035 in a sardine based-medium at 37 °C and 7 °C. At 37 °C, OV50 completely inhibited the growth of these foodborne pathogens for a maximum of 6 h. At 7 °C, it suppressed their growth for a maximum of 8 days, except for S. aureus ATCC 6538, whose growth was reduced from 4 to 2 log CFU/mL. Microbiological counts, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and peroxide values (PV) concentrations were determined in fresh sardines inoculated with OV50 and kept at 7 °C for 12 days. The inoculated sardines showed a significant reduction in TVB-N levels at D8 (34.9 mg/100 g) compared to the control (59.73 mg/100 g) and in PV concentrations at D4 (6.67 meq/kg) compared to the control (11.44 meq/kg), as well as a significant reduction in the numbers of Enterobacterales, Coliforms, Pseudomonas spp., Vibrio spp., and S. aureus At D8 and D12 compared to the control. Taken together, these results indicate that OV50 can improve the microbiological safety, freshness, and quality of sardines.

Free radicals or highly reactive oxygen species are capable of inducing oxidative damage to the human body Plants containing phenolic compounds have potent antioxidant capacity. The present study was undertaken to investigate the in vitro antioxidant activities of Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae), a plant widely used as natural remedy for digestive disorders in folk medicine. Total polyphenol contents were determined using Folin Ciocalteu's reagent; flavonoids were quantified employing the AlCl3 Method. EAE extract showed the highest polyphenolic and flavonoids contents (358.37±2.28 GAE/g of dry extract and 105.44±3.48 QE/g of dry extract) respectively. The EAE had the highest antioxidant activity as measured by DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. EAE and ME extracts exhibited the highest reducing power. EAE possess an IC50 close to BHT (0.074 mg/ml) as reference drug All extracts exhibited antioxidant activity in the linoleic acid emulsion system (76.81% -86.93 %). EAE showed an inhibition ratio of (86.93 %) close to that of BHT (94.9±1.52 %). These findings provide evidence that Myrtus communis L. berries are a potential source of antioxidant which have many benefits towards human health.

Abstract Background Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a type of blood cancer that affects hematopoietic stem cells and is often characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome. The Philadelphia chromosome encodes for a protein with high tyrosine kinase activity which acts as a tumorigenic factor. Main body This review article reports an update on the pathophysiology of CML and highlights the role of cytogenetic and molecular biology in screening, diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring as well as evaluating patients’ response to treatment. Additionally, these genetic tests allow identifying additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACA) and BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase domain mutations in intolerant or resistant patients. Thus, therapeutic advances have enabled this pathology to become manageable and almost curable in its clinical course. The scientific literature search used in the synthesis of this paper was carried out in the PubMed database, and the figures were generated using online software named BioRender. Conclusion The role of cytogenetic and molecular biology is crucial for the diagnosis and medical monitoring of patients. In-depth knowledge of molecular mechanisms of the BCR-ABL kinase facilitated the development of new targeted therapies that have improved the vital prognosis in patients. However, the emergence of ACA and new mutations resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors constitutes a real challenge in the quest for adequate therapy.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of the aqueous extract of Angelica archangelica L., a medicinal plant of the traditional pharmacopoeia of Algeria. The aqueous extract showed a large amount of total polyphenols, tannins, chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids and a small amount of flavonoids with values of 80.16±14.3 mg EAG/g of extract, 3.12±2.01 mg EQ/g of extract, 226.10±4.50 mg EAT/g of extract, 6.10±50.62, 12.00±31.53 and 1.78±0.40 μg/mL respectively. In addition, the aqueous extract of A. archangelica showed a high ability to trap DPPH radical in with IC50 at 16.9±2.03μg/mL. However, the aqueous extract has a great protective effect against β-carotene degradation at 91.98±0.64% after 24 hours and significant ferrous ion chelation activity at46.2 ±1.53µg/mL. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity was studied according to the protein denaturation inhibition method and, according to the results obtained, the extract of A. archangelica at concentrations of 250, 500 μg/mL and 1 mg/mL have ahigh antiinflammatory activity whose inhibition percentages are 78.85±5.31%, 86.65±2.70% and 89.89±0.58% respectively. The analgesic effect of the aqueous extract of A. archangelica, showed that the concentration 400 mg/mL has a greet abdominal cramps inhibitory effect in comparison with the concentration 200 mg/mL with a percentage of 98.28%. The antiulcer effect of the aqueous extract of A. archangelica was evaluated by the 70% ethanol-induced ulcer test. The results obtained reveal that the aqueous extract 200 and 400 mg/mL exerted a considerable effect of protecting the stomach at 86.55±3.51% and 82.82±2.18% respectively.

This study investigates the estimation of the regression function using the kernel method in the presence of missing at random responses, assuming spatial dependence, and complete observation of the functional regressor. We construct the asymptotic properties of the established estimator and derive the probability convergence (with rates) as well as the asymptotic normality of the estimator under certain weak conditions. Simulation studies are then presented to examine and show the performance of our proposed estimator. This is followed by examining a real data set to illustrate the suggested estimator’s efficacy and demonstrate its superiority. The results show that the proposed estimator outperforms existing estimators as the number of missing at random data increases.

Cybercriminals are becoming increasingly intelligent and aggressive, making them more adept at covering their tracks, and the global epidemic of cybercrime necessitates significant efforts to enhance cybersecurity in a realistic way. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the cybercrime threat landscape. Cybercrime has a significant impact on the gross domestic product (GDP) of every targeted country. It encompasses a broad spectrum of offenses committed online, including hacking; sensitive information theft; phishing; online fraud; modern malware distribution; cyberbullying; cyber espionage; and notably, cyberattacks orchestrated by botnets. This study provides a new collaborative deep learning approach based on unsupervised long short-term memory (LSTM) and supervised convolutional neural network (CNN) models for the early identification and detection of botnet attacks. The proposed work is evaluated using the CTU-13 and IoT-23 datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior performance, obtaining a very satisfactory success rate (over 98.7%) and a false positive rate of 0.04%. The study facilitates and improves the understanding of cyber threat intelligence, identifies emerging forms of botnet attacks, and enhances forensic investigation procedures.

This paper proposes a transfer matrix method (TMM) for modeling sonic crystals to predict the transmission loss of noise exiting an air extraction system. Because the crystals may be of different shapes (e.g., square, circular, or standardized airfoil profile to minimize airflow resistance) and must account for thermo-viscous losses, a discrete version of the TMM is used. Similar to the finite element method, a discretization of the geometry is first performed. Each element is modeled with a transfer matrix (TM) that includes the local thermo-viscous losses which attenuate the sound wave. For each element in parallel, the parallel TMM is employed. For the subsequently created elements in series, the classic TMM is used. This generates a global TM from which the sound transmission loss of the crystal network is deduced. The predictions obtained by the proposed method are compared to measurements in an acoustic tube for three different shapes of sonic crystals. The results show that a geometric tortuosity correction is necessary for the predicted bandgap center frequency to match the measurement. A correction is proposed, but this requires a possible refinement for more complicated profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, salinity is a brutal environmental constraint that poses a major threat to agriculture worldwide, causing nutrient imbalances and oxidative stress, leading to reduced crop yields and quality. Date palm waste from the agro-industry is a major environmental problem, but its conversion to biochar for soil amendment could help alleviate the effects of salinity stress. Pepper is a commonly grown horticultural crop that is sensitive to salinity. That's why the current experiment was conducted with the novel idea of exploring the potential use of biochar-based fertilizer derived from date palm waste as a mitigation strategy for salinity-related problems in pepper. The study was conducted as a pot experiment in a growth chamber under controlled conditions. The experiment consisted of four treatment groups: Control (no salinity stress); BM350E (biochar application only); NaCl (salinity stress without biochar application); BM350E+NaCl (combined biochar and salinity stress application). The soil was amended with biochar at a concentration of 3 g kg−1soil and pepper seedlings were exposed to salinity stress with 150 mM NaCl for seven days. The morphological, biochemical, and physiological responses were then evaluated. The use of BM350E biochar significantly improved plant growth under saline conditions, increasing shoot fresh weight by 9.41%, root fresh weight by 15.32%, shoot length by 5.22%, and root length by 12.57%. It also increased chlorophyll a (Chl. a) by 8.28%, chlorophyll b (Chl. b) by 80.20%, and carotenoids (Car) by 52.43% while increasing antioxidant enzyme activities. In conclusion, BM350E biochar has the potential to effectively mitigate the negative effects of salinity on pepper growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's world, the need for higher levels of security in storing and transferring data has become a key concern. It is essential to safeguard data from any potential information leaks to prevent threats that may compromise data confidentiality. Therefore, to protect critical and confidential satellite imagery, this paper proposes a novel encryption method based on the combination of image bands scrambling with chaos and the advanced encryption standard (AES). The proposed approach aims to enhance the security of satellite imagery while maintaining efficiency and robustness against various attacks. It possesses several appealing technical characteristics, notably a high level of security, a large key space, and resilience to single event upsets (SEUs) and transmission errors. To evaluate the performance of the proposed encryption technique, extensive experiments have been conducted by considering factors such as security level, resistance to SEUs, and computational efficiency. Our results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a high level of security and a large key space, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of satellite imagery data. Furthermore, the method exhibits resilience against SEUs and transmission errors, and offers efficient processing, making it suitable for real-world applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined adsorption of anionic dye on four zeolitic materials incorporated (VS-1, CuZSM-5) and not incorporated into metals (S-1, ZSM-5). The adsorption of the bromothymol blue (BTB) dye on the four adsorbents was analysed using isotherm models Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin. Two kinetic models were also applied to study the adsorption process, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. The isothermal data showed good correlation. The kinetics of adsorption were better described by the pseudo-second order model. The results obtained indicate that the maximum percentage removal of the BTB dye was given by a purely non-incorporated silicic zeolite (S-1).

Improvements in aerodynamic turbomachinery design have gained attraction due to the increased demand for a more sustainable future. Several optimization approaches have been presented and employed in the realm of aerodynamic design. However, among all of them, the adjoint approach has emerged as a hot research topic for aerodynamic optimization in the field of turbomachinery. The ability of this method to efficiently compute the derivatives of objective functions for several design variables has made it a promising optimization tool. This study provides a comprehensive review of all significant studies undertaken since the turn of the 21st century when the adjoint method was employed for the aerodynamic optimization of turbomachinery applications. The application of the adjoint approach in that context is extensively discussed under various aspects, including shape optimization in both steady and unsteady flows, varied eddy viscosity, non-ideal compressible fluid-dynamics, multi-objective and multi-point optimizations, multidisciplinary optimization, coupling adjoint method with other approaches, parametrization methods, and uncertainty quantification. Finally, the review concludes by highlighting key points and outlooks on future developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hip dysplasia is an important cause of osteoarthritis in young adults. For these patients, conservative treatment is an interesting alternative to arthroplasty. The current literature suggests better clinical and functional outcomes when shelf acetabuloplasty is performed for a moderate joint pinch (

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This study aims to optimize the extraction of crocin from saffron through various methods and energy levels, and to investigate its stability during storage and heat treatment. Three extraction techniques-maceration, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)-were evaluated at different energy levels to determine the most efficient method. The resulting extracts were then subjected to stability tests under varying storage temperatures (-12 to 35 °C) and heat treatment conditions (100 to 200 °C). Our findings indicate that MAE and UAE, particularly at higher energy levels for 5 minutes, yielded the most efficient extraction, with an average coloring strength of 265. During storage, crocin degradation followed a zero-order kinetic model, with the degradation rate increasing with higher storage temperatures. The shortest half-life was observed at freezing temperature (100 hours), while the shortest half-life at 35 °C was less than 10 hours. Similarly, during heat treatment, crocin degradation followed a zero-order kinetic model at 100 and 150 °C, with half-lives of 260 and 74 minutes respectively. At 200 °C, the degradation kinetics shifted to first order, with a half-life of 20 minutes. Our results suggest that MAE and UAE at high energy levels are optimal for crocin extraction, and highlight the impact of temperature on crocin stability during storage and heat treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the polyphenol content of the methanol extract (ME) of Lavandula stoechas L. aerial part and its anti-diarrheal and antisecretory activities in mice. Method: Methanol was used to extract the plant's powder. Spectrophotometric techniques were employed to determine the extract's total phenol, flavonoid and tannin content. The effect of the extract on secretion and diarrhea at three concentrations (50, 250 and 500 mg/kg) was evaluated by castor oil method. The extract was administered to the rats orally and loperamide at a dose of 5 mg/kg served as reference drug. Acute toxicity of two single doses (2 and 5 g/kg) of the plant extract was determined using OECD method. Results: Pretreatment of mice with ME (50, 250 and 500 mg/kg) caused a dose-dependent and significant (p = 0.001) delay in onset of diarrhea. Inhibition of mass intestinal content at the highest dose reached 74.75 ± 4.45 % compared to the reference drug, loperamide (85.82 ± 4.7 %). Inhibition of defecation increased in a significant (p = 0.001) and dose-dependent manner with the most remarkable inhibition at the highest dose (53.73 ± 2.98 %), which was very close to that of loperamide (59.62 ± 1.57 %). Conclusion: The methanol extract of Lavandula stoechas is high in polyphenols and significantly and dose-dependently inhibits intestinal secretion as well as diarrhea in mice. The extract is safe. This provides a plausible scientific basis for the traditional use of the plant to treat diarrhea. Studies in humans is needed to determine the compound's active ingredient(s) responsible for the anti-diarrheal effect and also to elucidate its mechanism of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]