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为拓宽三丁酸甘油酯的应用范围，以三丁酸甘油酯为芯材，抗性糊精-明胶-海藻酸钠（RGS）、抗性糊精-明胶-海藻酸钠-月桂酸单甘酯（RGSG）、抗性糊精-明胶-壳聚糖（RGC）、抗性糊精-明胶-壳聚糖-月桂酸单甘酯（RGCG）为壁材，采用喷雾干燥法制备4种微胶囊，对微胶囊包埋率及产率、粒径分布、基本理化性质、颜色、结构特征及外观形貌进行分析，探究不同壁材对三丁酸甘油酯微胶囊性质的影响。结果表明：RGSG微胶囊包埋率（91.05%）及产率（90.46%）较高；与RGC、RGS微胶囊相比，RGSG、RGCG微胶囊的水分活度、粒径分布、流动性、吸湿性、亮度均有一定的改善；红外光谱及扫描电镜结果表明三丁酸甘油酯被壁材有效包埋起来，其中RGSG、RGCG微胶囊形成了更强的氢键。综上，RGSG制备的微胶囊综合性质优于其他3种壁材。In order to broaden the application range of tributyrin, using tributyrin as the core material, and resistant dextrin-gelatin-sodium alginate(RGS), resistant dextrin-gelatin-sodium alginate-glycerol monolaurate(RGSG), resistant dextrin-gelatin-chitosan(RGC), resistant dextrin-gelatin-chitosan-glycerol monolaurate(RGCG) as wall materials, four kinds of microcapsules were prepared by spray drying method. Tributyrin microcapsules were evaluated with regard to embedding rate and yield, particle-size distribution, basic physicochemical properties, color, structural characteristics and appearance. The results showed that RGSG as the wall material had higher embedding rate (91.05%) and yield (90.46%). Compared with RGS and RGC microcapsules, RGSG and RGCG microcapsules had better water activity, particle-size distribution, fluidity, hygroscopicity and brightness. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope revealed that tributyrin were effectively encapsulated. RGSG，RGCG as the wall materials formed more intense hydrogen bonds. In conclusion, the comprehensive properties of tributyrin microcapsules prepared with RGSG as wall material were better than those of the other three kinds of wall materials.

鱼油富含ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸、维生素A、维生素D和天然色素等营养物质，具有多种营养功效。为促进我国鱼油产业的绿色可持续发展，保障产品质量安全，结合国内外研究进展，分别从鱼油的绿色制备工艺、标准规范和营养功效等方面进行综述，梳理了应用于鱼油生产的水酶法、超临界流体萃取法、超声辅助提取法、微波辅助提取法等绿色制备工艺，基于国内外鱼油相关的标准规范，阐述了鱼油的基本成分和质量指标、污染物限量和添加剂限量等，探讨了鱼油在预防心血管疾病、抗炎和预防脑部疾病方面的营养功效，并针对鱼油应用中存在的问题进行了分析和展望。未来应深入研究鱼油制备新工艺，完善相关标准规范，并进一步探究其生物活性机制。 Fish oil is rich in nutrients such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA), vitamin A/D and natural pigments, and has a variety of nutritional efficacy. To promote the green and sustainable development of the fish oil industry of China and ensure the safety and quality of fish oil products, the green preparation process, standard specifications and nutritional efficacy of fish oil were reviewed based on recent progresses at home and abroad. Several green preparation processes, including aqueous enzymatic extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction methods were analyzed. Based on the relevant standard specifications of fish oil at home and abroad, the basic components and quality indicators, pollutant limits, and additive limits of fish oil were elaborated. The nutritional efficacy of fish oil in preventing cardiovascular diseases, anti-inflammation and preventing brain diseases were investigated, and the issues present in the application of fish oil were analyzed and prospected. In the future, it is necessary to conduct extensive research on the development of new preparation process for fish oil, as well as to improve the related standard specifications. Furthermore, it is essential to explore the biological activity mechanisms of fish oil in greater depth.

Gaseous, disc–halo interfaces are shaped by processes that are critical to galaxy evolution, including gas accretion and outflows. Extraplanar diffuse ionized gas (eDIG) layers are characterized by scale heights that largely exceed those predicted by their temperature, suggesting the presence of turbulent energy injection from star-formation feedback. However, the origin of this large-scale height remains uncertain. To explore the connection between eDIG and star-forming discs, we present a spatially resolved case study of a nearby pair of sub- |$L_*$|⁠ , intermediately inclined disc galaxies NGC 3511/3513. We decompose optical nebular lines observed using long-slit spectroscopy into narrow and broad velocity components. In NGC 3511, the broad component has three distinctive characteristics in comparison to the narrow component: (1) significantly higher velocity dispersions (a median |$\langle \sigma \rangle _{\text{Broad}} = 24$|  km s |$^{-1}$| compared to |$\langle \sigma \rangle _{\text{Narrow}} = 13$|  km s |$^{-1}$|⁠), (2) elevated [N  ii ] |$\lambda$| 6583/H |$\alpha$| and [S  ii ] |$\lambda$| 6716/H |$\alpha$| line ratios, and (3) a rotational velocity lag. These characteristics support the origin of the broad component in an extraplanar, gaseous disc. In NGC 3513, the broad component reveals disc–halo circulation via localized outflows at radius |$\lesssim 1$|  kpc. For NGC 3511, we test a vertical hydrostatic equilibrium model with pressure support supplied by thermal and turbulent motions. Under this assumption, the eDIG velocity dispersion corresponds to a scale height |$h_{z} \gtrsim 0.2 - 0.4$|  kpc at |$R = 3 - 5$|  kpc, a factor of a few above the thermal scale height (⁠|$h_{z} \lesssim 0.1$|  kpc). This highlights the importance of turbulent motions to the vertical structure of the gaseous, disc–halo interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

以福建紫海胆（Heliocidaris crassispina）性腺为研究对象，采用单因素实验和正交实验优化水酶法提取紫海胆性腺脂质工艺，并基于气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）、二醇基硅胶固相萃取（Generik Diol SPE）、高效薄层色谱（HPTLC）和差示扫描量热（DSC）等技术，以脂质得率、理化性质、脂肪酸组成、营养指标、脂质组成、熔融与结晶特性为指标，探讨了水酶法、Folch法和Matyash法对紫海胆性腺脂质品质的影响。结果表明：水酶法提取紫海胆性腺脂质最佳工艺条件为料液比1∶ 20、中性蛋白酶添加量7 500 U/g、酶解时间5 h、酶解温度50 ℃和pH 7，该条件下脂质得率为2322%，显著低于Folch法（27.27%）和Matyash法（27.14%）；与Folch法和Matyash法相比，水酶法提取的紫海胆性腺脂质过氧化值（0.006 g/100 g）较低，碘值（95.77 g/100 g）较高，饱和脂肪酸含量（51.48%）较低，多不饱和脂肪酸含量（34.53%）较高，EPA与DHA总含量（15.04%）较高，营养指标较好，磷脂含量（4.23%）较低，熔融与结晶温度较低。综上，虽然水酶法提取紫海胆性腺脂质工艺存在得率低、破乳工艺复杂、磷脂选择性差等技术瓶颈，但其反应条件温和、绿色安全，所提取的脂质品质佳，具有较好的营养价值、较低的熔融与结晶温度，适合高品质海洋膳食脂质的研制。 The lipids from the gonad of Heliocidaris crassispina (Fujian Province, China) was extracted using enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction method (EAE), and the extraction process was optimized by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. By applying gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Generik Diol solid-phase extraction (SPE), high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technologies, the quality of EAE lipid was comparatively characterized with that of Folch method and Matyash method with the lipid yields, physicochemical properties, fatty acid compositions, nutritional indexes, lipid compositions, melting and crystallization characteristics as indicators. The results showed that the optimal conditions of EAE process were determined as follows: solid-liquid ratio 1∶ 20, neutral protease dosage 7 500 U/g, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 50 ℃，enzymatic hydrolysis time 5 h, and pH 7. The lipid yield was 23.22% under above conditions, which was significantly lower than that of Folch method (2727%) and Matyash method (27.14%). Compared with Folch method and Matyash method, the lipids from the gonad of Heliocidaris crassispina extracted by EAE had lower peroxide value (0.006 g/100 g), higher iodine value (95.77 gI/100 g), lower content of saturated fatty acids (51.48%), higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (34.53%), higher total content of EPA and DHA (15.04%), better nutritional indexes, lower phospholipids content (4.23%) and lower melting temperature and crystallization temperature. In conclusion, though bearing the shortages of low yield, complicated demulsification process and poor selectivity of phospholipids, EAE surpassed Folch method and Matyash method for milder conditions, eco-friendly initiatives, better quality, better nutritional value, lower melting and crystallization temperature of lipids, and suitable for the development of high quality marine dietary lipids.

Osteoporosis is a typical physiological disease, the main symptoms of which are brittle fracture, bone pain and easily deformed. As an individual ages, the prevalence of osteoporosis increases year by year. In the present study, selenium with antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anti-tumor effects was used to prevent osteoporosis induced by retinoic acid. The serum calcium contents in the selenium-treated groups (sodium selenite and selenomethionine) were significantly higher (P <0.05) than those in the model group in both the prevention and treatment studies. After prevention, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase transaminase (GOT), glutamate transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) levels were significantly (P <0.05) decreased. In the treatment study, the serum calcium and phosphorus contents of the rats increased after selenium treatment. There was no significant change (P >0.05) in the activity of GOT and GPT. The content of ALP decreased obviously and the TRACP enzyme activity increased. Overall, these results showed that different forms of selenium compounds have great potential in preventing and treating osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To systematically review the clinical therapeutic effect of acupuncture on acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) in critically ill patients. The randomized control trials of acupuncture for AGI in critically ill patients were retrieved from the databases, from inception to the cutoff date in August, 2021, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), PubMed, Science Direct and Cochrane Library. Simultaneously, the accomplished and published RCTs were further searched from American clinical trial registry platform (https://clinicaltrials.gov) and Chinese clinical trial registry platform (www.chictr.org.cn). Two researchers extracted the data and performed the quality evaluation of the eligible articles independently. The meta-analysis was undertaken, by using RevMan 5.4. Totally, 15 papers were included, involving 1316 patients. The results of meta-analysis showed that after treated with acupuncture, the differences were statistical significance as compared with the routine treatment group in the score of the second edition of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHEⅡ) (MD = -1.98, 95% CI[-3.23, -0.73], P = 0.002), gastrointestinal dysfunction score (MD = -0.33, 95% CI [-0.41, -0.24], P < 0.00001), the intra-abdominal pressure (mmHg) (MD = -2.74, 95% CI [-3.81, -1.67], P < 0.00001), intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (MD = -3.15, 95% CI [-5.99, -0.30], P < 0.00001) and fatality rate in 28-day (RR = 0.57, 95% CI [0.39, 0.85], P = 0.006) in critically ill patients with AGI, respectively. The limited available evidence suggests that acupuncture relieves clinical symptoms and poor prognosis in the critically ill patients with AGI, thus, it is one of the potential therapies to AGI. Hence, acupuncture should be recommended into the regimen of AGI in critically ill patients and more high-quality and multi-central trials can be undertaken in the further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]