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磁场重联是等离子体中非常重要的能量转换过程，研究该过程中的能量转化形式及其分配十分重要。目前有很多关于对称重联中的能量通量的研究，而磁层顶的非对称重联的研究却很少，特别是多事件的统计研究。因此挑选了MMS卫星观测到的10个经过电子扩散区的磁层顶重联事件对其进行分析，结果表明在不同的事件中能量通量的分配情况不一样，但在大多数事件中，离子焓通量占主导地位，其次是坡印廷通量，离子热通量略小于坡印廷通量，离子动能通量、电子焓通量和电子热通量占比在10%以下。通过对事件进行归一化处理，得到了L方向和M方向的不同能量通量随L方向的磁场和离子速度的关系图，并分析了每种能量通量的分布特征。

本研究以國內族群關係發展及新住民學生文化認同困境為脈絡，首先將檢視國內推動多元文化教育與教師專業發展之現況及問題，進而針對OECD公布《關鍵能力的定義與選擇》、《2030年教育和技能的未來：OECD 2030學習羅盤》以及相關報告等文件，探究有關學習者能動性及人際連結之協同能動性之意涵，據以指出「與他人建立良好關係」、「能與他人合作」、「管理和解決衝突」之「文化際能力」意涵，同時也說明能以「尊重、開放、好奇心」等態度與異質性群體互動之全 球素養的重要性。最後，本研究分別從理念建構、課程發展、教師專業、學生學習等不同面向，提出「新多元文化教育」之初步構想，希望能找出回應臺灣族群多元與社會異質化變遷之合宜作法。 This research takes the development of domestic ethnic relations and the cultural identity plights of new immigrant students as the context. Firstly, the author examines the current status and problems of promoting multicultural education and teacher professional development in Taiwan. Secondly, based on the OCED official documents, “The Definition and Selection of Key Competencies/DeSeCo,” “Future of Education and Skills 2030: OECD Learning Compass 2030” and other reports, this research analyzes the implications of learners’ agency and co-agency of interpersonal relationship and then points out the development of intercultural competencies, such as “building a good relationship with others,” “cooperating with others,” “managing and resolving conflicts” and the cultivating of students’ global competence that can interact with heterogeneous groups with “respect, openness, and curiosity.” Finally, this research proposes a preliminary construction of “new multicultural education” from different aspects such as the core idea formation, curriculum development, teacher professional development, and student learning, hoping to find appropriate ways to respond to Taiwan’s ethnic diversity and social change of heterogeneity.

本文先以二十一世紀新一波素養導向課程改革為脈絡，說明新數位科技發展 及其在跨域學習所帶來的進一步改變，進而以Prensky「數位原生世代」之分析基 礎，探究不同世代差異以及AI時代來臨之後「新數位原生世代」的變化。此外，筆者也將討論《2030年教育和技能的未來：OECD 2030年學習羅盤》提及的「未來導向能力」，透過當前新興數位化發展所造成的問題，藉由「能力取向」之觀點，提出以學習者能動性為核心的新興數位世代學習圖像。 This study takes the new wave of competencies-oriented curriculum reforms in the 21st century as context, explains the new digital technology development and its further changes on interdisciplinary learning, and explores generations’ differences based on the analysis of Prensky’s “digital native generation” to figure out “new digital naive generation” after the AI era. In addition, the author also discusses the seven futureoriented competencies of “Future of Education and Skills 2030: OECD Learning Compass 2030,” and inquiries problems of current emerging digital development vias the “capabilities approach” to format an agency-based new digital native generation learning image.

本研究旨在建構教師專業素養與課程基準，並探究其後續之運用，以作為兼顧大學自主發展師資培育課程及國家管制之機制。為達研究目的，本研究透過文獻分析、文件分析、專家焦點座談、關鍵詞擷取系統等方式，建構具有共識的教師專業素養與課程基準之內涵，並提供後續運用之建議，以配合 2017 年《師資培育法》的修法。本研究結果建構五項教師專業素養及十項素養指標，以及課程基準的課程類型、學分架構、共同內容與課程條件等內涵。除此之外，本研究也提出師資培育機構後續運用之建議，包括發展師資培育理念以引領課程 設計、模組化課程共同內容、系統性設計實踐課程、發展真實評量表現的方法與工具、整體性師資培育系統設計等。 Based on the amendment of the Teacher Education Act 2017, this study determined professional standards for teachers and a curriculum baseline for preservice teacher education. Additionally, it provides the principles for designing teacher education curriculum through literature and document analysis, focus meetings, and keyword extraction. This study proposed 5 professional standards for teachers and 10 indicators and curriculum baselines with categories, credits framework, core curriculum, and conditions. Moreover, suggestions were presented for designing teacher education curriculum, such as utilizing the concept of teacher education to direct the following: curriculum designing, correspondence of the core curriculum toward modularization, practice designs from the perspective of teaching students’ learning, assessment methods and tools to evaluate teaching students’ performance, and systemic design of teacher education curriculum.

本研究以「自主學習」為焦點，首先，以種籽親子實驗國民小學與苗圃蒙特梭利中小學為對象，分析不同實驗教育機構對於「自主」理念的不同想像，並釐清學校制度及其課程規劃的轉化歷程。其次，以臺北市公辦公營臺北市大安區和平實驗國民小學為例，探究公辦公營模式的實驗理念建構，以及其課程發展與教學實踐的連結作法。最後，本研究綜合前述分析，對於十二年國民基本教育與實驗教育共同關注的「自主學習」圖像，提出綜合性的檢討與建議。 This article focuses on the idea of “self-regulated learning” and main purposes are as follow: firstly, analyzing pictures of “self-regulated learning” of two experimental institutions, Seeding School and Miao-Pu Montessori School, and inquiring their transformative mechanisms of school institution and curriculum plan; secondly, taking Taipei Municipal Ho-Ping Experimental Elementary School as the other example, exploring the construction of experimental education concept of this public management of public school, and its curriculum development and teaching transformative process; finally, synthesizing this paper’s comprehensive analysis and providing some suggestions on the idea understanding of “self-regulated learning,” for the 12-year basic education and experimental education.

有關社會正義與教育公平議題之研究，當代呈現資源論轉向或能力取向理論之「後羅爾斯」思潮。在此脈絡下，本研究之目的如下：首先，對比「經濟正義」與「司法正義」，藉此說明「教育正義」內涵之特殊性及其複雜性；其次，分析英、美與華人社會「教育正義」理念及其制度運作之社會脈絡，並以此反映「教育正義」的「同語歧義」現象；第三，為解決各國教育制度之正義觀點之可比較性基礎，本研究將考察當代政治哲學研究的「後羅爾轉向」，諸如Thomas Pogge、Gerald A. Cohen、Iris M. Young、Nancy Fraser、Amartya Sen、Martha Nussbaum等學者見解，企圖以此建立多元角度之比較視野；最後，將依據多元「正義」觀點之比較視野，建構各國教育制度之社會正義比較的參照架構。 Within the context of capitalist globalization, almost all justice theories are inevitably influenced by John Rawls’s notions of “justice as fairness” or political liberalism. Recently, a number of frontier studies or critical revisions have appeared, authored by such people as Thomas Pogge, Gerald A. Cohen, Iris M. Young, Nancy Fraser, Amartya Sen, and Matha Nussbaum, which have merged to form a contemporary “Post-Rawlsian Turn”. The main purposes of this article are as follows: firstly, to analyze different theoretical claims relating to “educational justice” and assess their feasibility; secondly, to inquire into the reasons why particular educational justice discourses are raised within certain social contexts; thirdly, to discuss different perspectives of “social justice” and elaborate on their educational implications; finally, to compare different orientations towards “justice” and attempt to provide a reasonable basis for the comparative study of social justice theories in educational systems.

In Taiwan, Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection has been reported in foreign laborers who had consumed raw Ampullarium canaliculatus snails. This study analyzed three foreign laborers who had contracted enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-confirmed A cantonensis infection while working in Taiwan. All three workers had consumed either roasted snails or raw snails flavored with seasoning while drinking wine. This study investigated possible risk factors for A cantonensis, including naturally occurring A cantonensis in A canaliculatus snails, viability of third-stage A cantonensis larvae in raw seasoned snails and in roasted snails, infectivity of larvae, and effects of alcohol while consuming snails. Positive infection rates in snails from five different irrigation canals in south Taiwan ranged from 12.3% to 29.4% and the average number of motile larvae per infected snail ranged from 36 to 65. The number of motile and coiled larvae in snail meat after 120 minutes seasoning was 93 (27.7%) and 233 (69.3%), respectively. After 20 minutes of roasting, most larvae in the snail meat were dead. The infectivities of motile and coiled larvae from snail meat after 60 minutes seasoning were 53.2% and 33.2%, respectively, and those from snail meat after 5 minutes roasting were 33.2% and 7.0%, respectively. Eating Taiwan A canaliculatus snails raw is extremely risky given their high infection rates and infection intensities. Even after 120 minutes seasoning or after 20 minutes roasting, snail meat should be considered unsafe for human consumption. Finally, experimental rodent studies indicated that consuming alcohol while ingesting larvae does not significantly reduced infectivity.

This study uses web link analysis and transaction log analysis of webometrics to compare the web performances of Taiwan Digital Archives Expansion Project and Exhibition of Cyber Island, Taiwan (ECIT) during the period of July to December in 2008 and the period of January to June in 2012. The result shows that the numbers of pages viewed in two websites have increased 2.9 times and 13.1 times respectively, showing the influence of improved content. The visitors are centralized in Taiwan and China, as the website content is primarily Chinese. The average visit duration is less than 10 seconds and the number of pages viewed by most visitors is one page, showing that the two websites can be improved by highering web impact factor (WIF) and lowering the possible failure of maintainability. pp. 66-83

Ready-to-eat wine-pickled mud snails (Bullacta exarata) typically host a large number of microorganisms and are frequently contaminated with pathogenic bacteria during processing, resulting in a higher risk for foodborne illness with consumption. In this study, the decontamination effects of different treatment methods, including the use of ultrasonic cleaning (USC), natural chemicals, and ultra-high pressure (UHP), on the quality and safety of pickled mud snails were investigated by assessing the total viable count (TVC), total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) content, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS), and pH value of the products after 12 months of storage at –20 °C. Treatment with 200 W USC for 5 min was the most effective approach for reducing TVC in raw mud snails, with a minimal change in food quality. Natural chemical treatment or UHP treatment significantly inhibited the increase in TVC, pH, and TBARS and TVB-N accumulation compared with the control group; however, their combined treatment had no synergistic effect. In contrast, the combined chemical treatment was more effective in inhibiting changes in the above indices in pickled mud snails than UHP treatment alone or combined chemicals+UHP treatment. In addition, the bacterial diversity of pickled mud snails before and after 12 months of storage at –20 °C was determined using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Our results indicated that USC combined with natural chemicals can be utilized commercially to maintain the quality and safety of pickled mud snails during storage at –20 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Using the X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGN) from the XMM -XXL north survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey spectroscopic follow-up of them, we compare the properties of X-ray unobscured and obscured broad-line AGN (BLAGN1 and BLAGN2; N H below and above 1021.5 cm−2), including their X-ray luminosity L X, black hole mass, Eddington ratio λEdd, optical continuum, and line features. We find that BLAGN2 have systematically larger broad line widths and hence apparently higher (lower) M BH (λEdd) than BLAGN1. We also find that the X-ray obscuration in BLAGN tends to coincide with optical dust extinction, which is optically thinner than that in narrow-line AGN (NLAGN) and likely partial covering to the broad-line region. All the results can be explained in the framework of a multicomponent, clumpy torus model by interpreting BLAGN2 as an intermediate type between BLAGN1 and NLAGN in terms of an intermediate inclination angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

人乳替代脂是一类模拟母乳脂组成的结构脂质，为促进人乳替代脂的绿色高效生产，介绍了母乳脂的甘油三酯组成，对人乳替代脂的酶法制备工艺以及实际应用的研究现状进行了分析、总结和探讨，并展望了未来的研究方向。我国母乳脂中1-油酸-2-棕榈酸-3-亚油酸甘油三酯(OPL)含量最高，其次为1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯(OPO)。人乳替代脂的酶法制备工艺包括酯-酯交换法、一步酸解法、醇解-酯化两步法、两步酸解法、酯交换-酸解两步法等。提高酶的催化活性与位置选择性、抑制酰基迁移等是未来酶法制备人乳替代脂的研究方向。Human milk fat substitutes are a kind of structural lipids that simulate the composition of breast milk fat. In order to promote green and efficient production of human milk fat substitutes, the triglyceride composition of breast milk fat was introduced, and the enzymatic preparation technology and practical application of human milk fat substitutes were analyzed, summarized and discussed, and the future research direction was prospected. The content of 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoyl glycerol (OPL) was the highest in Chinese breast milk fat, followed by 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl glycerol (OPO). The enzymatic preparation of human milk fat substitutes includes ester-esterification, one-step acid hydrolysis, alcohololysis-esterification two-step, two-step acid hydrolysis, transesterification-acid hydrolysis two-step, etc. Improving the catalytic activity and location selectivity of enzymes and inhibiting acyl transfer are the future research directions of enzymatic preparation of human milk fat substitutes.