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以50个品种甜瓜种子为试验材料,对其表型性状进行测定，然后用索氏抽提法测定含油率，气相色谱法测定种子油脂肪酸组成，并对种子表型性状、含油率与种子油脂肪酸组成相关性进行分析。结果表明：表型性状最大的甜瓜品种为MW，MW的籽粒表面积、宽、千粒质量均最大；林蜜25号甜瓜品种的种子含油率最高，为32.532%，WQ的种子含油率最低，仅为17.915%；甜瓜种子油中含量最高的脂肪酸为亚油酸，其次是油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸，亚麻酸含量最低，亚油酸含量最高的甜瓜品种是常见小绿瓜，为75.011%，油酸含量最高的甜瓜品种是省工108，为31.289%，棕榈酸含量最高的甜瓜品种是WQ，为13.281%，硬脂酸含量最高的甜瓜品种是爽口1，为9.862%；相关性分析表明，含油率与红度呈极显著正相关。3个品种的马泡瓜含油率较高，且皮薄，种子非常多，因而马泡瓜最适宜选育榨油。 Melon seeds, from 50 varieties were used as experimental materials, and their phenotypic traits were determined. Then the oil content was determined by Soxhlet extraction method, the fatty acid composition of seed oil was determined by gas chromatography, and the relations among phenotypic traits, oil content of melon seed and fatty acid composition of seed oil were analyzed. The results showed that the melon variety with the largest phenotypic trait was MW, and the seed surface area, width and 1 000 grain weight of MW were the largest. Linmi 25 melon seed had the highest oil content, reaching 32.532%, and WQ had the lowest oil content, only 17.915%. Linoleic acid was the highest fatty acid content in melon seed oil, followed by oleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, and linolenic acid was the lowest. The content of linoleic acid in Common Small Green melon was the highest, which was 75.011%. The melon variety with the highest oleic acid content was Shenggong 108, which was 31.289%. WQ had the highest palmitic acid content, which was 13.281%. The melon variety with the highest stearic acid content was Shuangkou 1, which was 9.862%. Correlation analysis showed that the oil content was extremely,significantly and positively correlated with redness. The three varieties of Momordica has higher oil content, thin skin and many seeds, so the Momordica is the most suitable for breeding and oil pressing.