Search

Microbial spoilage is a major cause of degradation of the quality characteristics of products, such as meat and dairy products or fruits and vegetables. There is a need for eco-friendly practices that prevent microbial growth, while preserving the nutritional value of these products during processing and transportation to the consumer. Traditional food preservation methods, being thermal or chemical techniques, often have a negative impact on the sensory, quality and textural characteristics of the food product. Ozonation is of interest for the food industry using the antimicrobial properties of ozone. It is important for various food products to control the oxidation of lipids. The effects of ozone treatment on lipid oxidation in foods are evaluated in this review. The mechanisms of lipid ozone oxidation are discussed, and the results of different studies are analyzed. It also examines the factors that can affect the efficacy of ozone treatment and the possible risks associated with this technology. Ozone treatment prolongs shelf life, while maintaining product quality and is cost-effective in terms of energy use. It has been shown to inhibit the formation of volatile compounds in some food products, and reduce the occurrence of reactions that reduce the overall quality characteristics of the food, such as lipid oxidation. The effect of ozone application on quality varies with the structure of the food, ozone application time and dose amount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the survival of probiotic cultures in kefir. Kefir is a fermented dairy product, and in this study we incorporated nutritionally rich flaxseed mucilage and gum arabic as a prebiotic, then monitored for improvement in the the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis. In addition, some physicochemical variables of kefir were investigated. The addition of flaxseed mucilage and gum arabic significantly (p ˂ 0.05) increased the growth of both Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis compared to the control. Samples enriched with flaxseed mucilage and gum arabic had significantly (p ˂ 0.05) reduced pH and increased viscosity. Flaxseed mucilage and gum arabic significantly (p ˂ 0.05) changed the color parameters L*, a*, and b*. However, as the concentration of flaxseed mucilage increased, the L* value decreased. Moreover, adding flaxseed mucilage and gum arabic into kefir increased (p ˂ 0.05) the protein content. These results showed that flaxseed mucilage and gum arabic could be used to increase the survival of probiotic cultures in kefir without changing its physicochemical properties.

Objective: Fear of falling, anxiety, depression, and pain levels are important risk factors for poor functional outcomes that may potentially be modifiable. We aimed to examine prospective associations between those factors following surgery for intertrochanteric hip fracture. Methods: This study is a prospective observational cohort study of patients aged over 65 diagnosed with isolated intertrochanteric hip fracture. Three hundred and seventy patients who underwent intramedullary fixation surgery were screened; 188 cases were included in our final evaluation. Patients with any concomitant fracture, major psychiatric/neurocognitive and neurological disorders and those with any other major disease were excluded from the study. Age, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores on the day of surgery (baseline) were evaluated as predictors of poor/good outcome at 90 days after surgery, by Harris Hip Score (HHS) with a cut-off score of 70. Results: HHS score was significantly predicted at baseline by the full model [χ2 (7) = 18.18, P =.01]. However, only STAI-state scores were significantly added to the model [Exp (B) 95% CI:.92 (.86-.99)]. Conclusions: In this prospective cohort study, we found that higher levels of anxiety state on the day of surgery predicts a poor outcome at 90 days following surgery. We did not find significant associations between other variables, including age, GDS, STAI-trait, FES-I, VAS, and CCI. This potentially modifiable psychological factor may inform surgeons and could be a potential mediator. Future prospective studies are needed to replicate these findings. Level of evidence: Prognostic level I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: High tibial osteotomy (HTO) and unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA) are two procedures of choice in moderate medial-sided knee osteoarthritis. In this study, we aimed to compare the outcomes of patients undergoing either unilateral knee arthroplasty or open-wedge HTO both clinically and radiologically. Methods: Clinical records of 105 patients treated surgically with either medial unilateral knee arthroplasty or high tibial osteotomies were reviewed. Fifty-one cases of HTO (group 1) and 54 cases of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (group 2) were reviewed. Radiographic follow-up data included Kellgren Lawrence index and mechanical alignment measurements using the PACS system. Clinical and functional follow-up data included range of motion degrees and functional assessment scores (Tegner, Lysholm, Knee Society Score and VAS). Results: Mean time of follow-up was 66.10 ± 8.14 months and 65.27 ± 6.95 months for groups 1 and 2, respectively. The HTO group had better radiographic improvement and greater range of motion than the unicompartmental knee arthroplasty group. Despite a significant difference in Lysholm Knee Score and a slight difference in VAS score in favor of HTO, both groups were similar with regard to functional outcomes. Conclusion: Both techniques are satisfactory in terms of functional outcomes about five years after the operation and may be considered in cases of middle-aged medial-sided gonarthrosis (< 65 years of age) who do not have additional ligament or compartmental pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In this study, our aim was to examine the relationship between the arthroplasty surgeons' experience level and their aptitude to adjust the cable tension to the value recommended by the manufacturer when asked to provide fixation with cables in artificial bones that underwent extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO). Materials and Methods: A custom-made cable tensioning device with a microvoltmeter was used to measure the tension values in Newtons (N). An ETO was performed on 4 artificial femur bones. Surgeons at various levels of experience attending the IXth National Arthroplasty Congress were asked to fix the osteotomized fragment using 1.7-mm cables and the tensioning device. The participants' demographic and experience data were investigated and recorded. The surgeons with different level of experience repeated the tensioning test 3 times and the average of these measurements were recorded. Results: In 19 (35.2%) of the 54 participants, the force applied to the cable was found to be greater than the 490.33 N (50 kg) value recommended by the manufacturer. No statistically significant difference was determined between the surgeon's years of experience, the number of cases, and the number of cables used and the tension applied over the recommended maximum value (P = .475, P = .312, and P = .691, respectively). Conclusions: No significant relationship was found between the arthroplasty surgeon's level of experience and the adjustment of the cable with the correct tension level. For this reason, we believe that the use of tensioning devices with calibrated tension gauges by orthopedic surgeons would help in reducing the number of complications that may occur due to the cable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the injury patterns of orthopaedic trauma patients in the paediatric age group who presented to our hospital during and after lifting the curfew due to the pandemic, with the patients of the same age group who presented to our institution during the same time period last year. Methods: Patients, aged 0 years to 18 years, who presented to our clinic between 21 March 2020 and 31 May 2020 (during curfew) (Group A1, n = 111), between 01 June 2020 and 31 August 2020 (Group A2, n = 214) and during the same periods in 2019 Group B1 (n = 220) and Group B2 (n = 211) were included. Patients with pathological fractures, traumas occurring earlier than the aforementioned date range and those consulted while being hospitalized in another department were excluded from study. Patients' demographics, the department they presented to, the anatomical region affected by trauma, trauma mechanism, the location of trauma, the treatment applied and the length of hospital stay were recorded. Results: The prevalence of outdoor traumas (72.9% versus 61.1%), high-energy traumas (40.1% versus 26.5%), the rate of the patients treated with surgery (28% versus 17.1%) and the rate of admission to the emergency department (90.2% versus 58.3%) were significantly higher in Group A2 when compared with Group B2 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The significant increase was observed in the number of outdoor injuries, high-energy traumas and fracture patterns that require surgical treatment during the first three months following the lift of the curfew, in comparison with the corresponding dates from last year. We think that children's lower extremity muscle strength and neuromuscular control was decreased due to staying home for a prolonged period of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Closed surgical treatment of long bone fractures by minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) is prone to malrotation. In this study we aimed to determine the transverse plane torsional axis differences of medial surface of distal tibia and tibial diaphysis, involved in anatomical plate minimal invasive percutaneous osteosynthesis. Materials and method: The computerized tomography (CT) images from PACS archive of computerized tomography unit of the institution were reviewed retrospectively. Tibia scans of forty male cases meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were evaluated. The inclination of the plane of the surface of the tibia was measured. Plane of the surface is defined as axis of the surface of tibia involved in distal medial plating. Sections were measured starting from one centimeter proximal to the tip of medial malleolus and continued proximally in one centimeter intervals for next twenty-five sections. Results were analyzed after grouping the cases according to average stature (as below average and above average). Results: At the level of 5th cm. proximal to medial malleolus, approximately 13° of external rotation of medial surface of tibia was noted. After 11-12th cm level, external rotation exceeds 20°. At 16-19th cm, amount of rotation reaches 30°. Change in the axis occurs more proximally in cases above average stature. More proximally amount of external rotation decreases gradually. At 26th cm level, a mean of 23.21° of external rotation was measured. Amount of rotation did not differ according to stature. Conclusion: Up to 30° of external rotational plane difference was observed notably after 17-20th cm from the tip of the medial malleolus. Inadvertent leaning of proximal extension of a straight/untwisted anatomical distal tibial plate may result with significant external rotational malalignment, especially in comminuted fractures where fixation was extended towards tibial diaphysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To evaluate the costs and efficacy of radiographs taken in the third week after fixation of bimalleolar and trimalleolar fractures. Patients and method. A retrospective evaluation was made of patients who underwent surgical fixation because of bimalleolar and trimalleolar fractures between January 1, 2008, and October 1, 2013. Patient demographics (age, gender, body mass index), fracture type, follow-up periods, and fixation methods were recorded, and the radiographs taken on postoperative day 1, at 3 weeks, 6 weeks, and the final follow-up were examined by 2 orthopedists. Measurements were taken of the medial clear space (MCS ≤ 4 mm), the tibiofibular clear space (TFCS < 5 mm), and the talocrural angle (TCA = 83° ± 4°) on the mortise radiograph and of the overlap between the tibial tubercle and fibula (TFO > 10 mm) on the anteroposterior radiograph; residual step (mm) was measured on the lateral radiograph. Results. A total of 263 patients were examined, and of these, 112 were included for evaluation. In the measurements of postoperative day 1, third week, and sixth week and the final radiographs, no statistically significant difference was determined in the MCS, TFCS, TCA, TFO, and residual step values. Because the cost of a series of 3-way ankle radiographs in Turkey is US$3.81 per patient, the cost of the control series for the 112 patients in this study was US$ 427.3. Conclusions. In patients treated surgically for bimalleolar and trimalleolar fractures, the radiographs taken in the third week rarely resulted in a change of patient management. Therefore, it simply constitutes an additional cost for the patient or the hospital.Levels of Evidence: Level III: Retrospective Cohort study [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To examine the effect of fluoroscopy devices with different sizes of image intensifier and C-arm maneuverability on operating time, fluoroscopy time, radiation dose and reduction, and fixation quality at intertrochanteric femoral fractures. Design. Single-center, randomized, prospective study. Setting. Academic Level I trauma hospital. Patients and Intervention. 34 patients treated with cephalomedullary nailing for a stable, intertrochanteric proximal femur fracture (OTA A1). Main Outcome Measurement. The total working time of the fluoroscopy device, the dose-area product (DAP), operating time, reduction quality (cortical continuity, symmetrical collodiaphyseal angle, and shortness), and fixation quality (Bosworth quadrants, the tip-apex distance, TAD). Results. There were no cases of poor reduction; also the placement of the blade was optimal for 14 patients and suboptimal in 3 patients in each group. Superior-posterior placement of the blade or TAD > 25 mm was not seen in any patient. Total operating time was significantly shorter when using device A compared to the use of device B (20.1±3.4 mins versus 25.3±5.4 mins, p<0.001). Total radiation time was significantly shorter with device A compared to the use of device B (58.1±19.4 secs versus 98.9  ±  55.4 secs, p=0.008). The measured radiation dose was lower with the use of device A compared to device B (3.5  ±  1.2 Gy·cm2 versus 7.3  ±  4.5 Gy·cm2, p=0.002). Conclusion. Physical properties of fluoroscopy devices used during the fixation of intertrochanteric fractures could yield significant differences in operating times and the radiation dose while having comparable clinical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadaverine and tyramine are biogenic amines that are commenly found in fermented foods. This study focused on the reduction of cadaverine and tyramine formation by a new method using proteolytic enzymes (trypsin and chymotrypsin). Cadaverine and tyramine were synthesized from lysine and tyrosine in the presence of their decarboxylase enzymes, respectively. In this study, trypsin and chymotrypsin were used separately or in combination to reduce formation of cadaverine and tyramine in model system. Tyramine synthesis was reduced by trypsin and chymotrypsin as 57.2 and 52.1%, respectively. Moreover, the reduction of cadaverine was 80.4 and 83.0% by trypsin and chymotrypsin, respectively. Maximum reduction values were obtained when trypsin and chymotrypsin were used together for the reduction of tyramine (59.1%) and cadaverine formation (84.8%). In model system, cadaverine and tyramine formation were (p< 0.05) significantly reduced. It was concluded that trypsin and chymotrpsin could be used to reduce tyramine and cadaverine formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a report on the study of three intramedullary nailing methods used for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. It states that the patients with trochanteric fractures were treated with the nailing methods including Talon distal fix, InterTan nails and Proximal Femoral Nail (PFNA). The characteristics of operation time, blood loss and fluoroscopy time concluded higher rates in InterTan and screw cuts and higher potential advantages of Talon distal fix technique.

Copyright of Gazi Medical Journal is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the functional results of internal fixation of both forearm bones versus fixation of the radius alone in the treatment of distal both-bone forearm fractures in children., Methods: This study included a total of 34 children who were treated for distal forearm both-bone fracture. Patients were divided into two groups according to the technique used, which depended on the date of their surgery. Group 1 consisted of 18 children (14 males and four females; mean age: 10.3 years; age range: 7-16 years) who underwent both-bone fracture fixation using closed reduction and percutaneous pinning; Group 2 consisted of 16 children (12 males and four females; mean age: 10.1 years; age range: 6-15 years) who underwent only radius fracture fixation. The average follow-up was 65.6 months in Group 1 and 38.9 months in Group 2. Operating time, fluoroscopy exposure time, functional results (Mayo Wrist Score, visual analogue scale score, and range of motion), radiological results (time to union and malunion), and complications were recorded as outcome parameters., Results: The mean operating time was 35 min (range: 30-45 min) in Group 1 and 19 min (range: 10-25 min) in Group 2 (p<0.001). The mean fluoroscopy exposure time was 54 sec (range: 40-70 sec) in Group 1 and 18 sec (range: 10-26 sec) in Group 2 (p<0.001). Only three patients in Group 1 and four patients in Group 2 exhibited <10° of limitation in pronation and supination. No significant differences were determined between the groups with respect to functional scores (p=1.000). Final follow-up radiographs showed no malalignment in either group. In terms of time to union, there was no significant difference between groups (p=1.000). Additionally, only three minor complications associated with the pin track (two patients in Group 1 and one patient in Group 2) were noted., Conclusion: In children with distal both-bone fractures, fixation of the radius fracture alone may be considered as an alternative method of treatment to fixation of both forearm bones as it results in satisfactory functional and radiographic outcomes., Level of Evidence: Level III, Therapeutic study.

This study aimed to compare the results of AP screws, PA screws and posterior buttress plate used in posterior malleolar fixation of trimalleolar fractures. In this study, the data of 104 trimalleolar fracture cases treated surgically between October 2011 and January 2014 were extracted from hospital records. Patient demographics (age, gender, body mass index), the presence of syndesmotic injury, fracture type (according to the Lauge-Hansen classification), the size of posterior malleolar fragment (measured on lateral radiographs) were recorded. The patients requiring postoperative care for at least a year were invited to attend an evaluation of functional and radiological outcomes. At the final follow-up examination the functional evaluation was made by using AOFAS scores, VAS scores during walking, and dorsiflexion restrictions as compared with the unaffected side. As for the radiological evaluation, the patients were assessed according to the presence of a gap or step by the direct use of graphies following the fixation and with regard to the osteoarthritic development in alignment with the Bargon criteria. A total of 67 patients met the study inclusion criteria; 20 cases in the AP screw, 13 cases in the PA screw and 34 cases in the plate group. The mean follow-up period was 14.4 ± 2.23 months in AP, 16.3 ± 2.56 months in PA and 17.1 ± 3.01 months in the plate group. Better AOFAS scores were obtained in the PA group and the plate group compared to the AP screw group (p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in respect of VAS scores during walking and dorsiflexion restriction. Better radiological reduction was observed in the PA screw group and the plate group (p < 0.001).

Objective: This experimental study investigates the effectiveness of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Dualmesh®, Gore Medical, Flagstaff, AZ, USA), sodium hyaluronate-carboxymethyl cellulose (Seprafilm®, Genzyme, Cambridge, MA, USA), and polysiloxane (silicone) as anti-adhesive barriers for inhibition of fibrosis in the subacromial area following rotator cuff repair., Methods: Rabbit rotator cuff tenotomy and repair was conducted on 24 rabbits in 4 groups: control (Group A), Dualmesh® (Group B), Seprafilm® (Group C), and silicone (Group D). Anti-adhesive barrier materials were sutured over the repaired rotator cuff. Macroscopic and histological evaluations were made at the end of the sixth postoperative week., Results: Macroscopic evaluation revealed that minimal adhesion occurred in the control and silicone groups, while the Seprafilm® and Dualmesh® groups showed evidence of fibrosis. Microscopic evaluation revealed diffuse fibrosis and collagen accumulation in the Dualmesh® and Seprafilm® groups, whereas minimal collagen deposition and inflammatory cell reaction was found among the silicone and control groups. Significant differences were found between the silicone and Dualmesh® (p=0.001) and silicone and Seprafilm® groups (p=0.002), as well as between the control and Dualmesh® (p=0.002) and control and Seprafilm® groups (p=0.002)., Conclusion: Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE/Dualmesh®) and sodium hyaluronate carboxymethyl cellulose (SH-CMC/Seprafilm®) did not prevent or attenuate postoperative subacromial fibrosis following cuff tear repair. Nor did silicone prevent or attenuate fibrosis. More detailed research is needed for development of an effective anti-adhesive barrier for use after rotator cuff tear surgery.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the results of expandable flexible locked intramedullary nailing and anatomical locking plating in clavicular midshaft fractures., Methods: Thirty-three patients (21 male, 12 female) who had displaced fractures and at least 2-cm shortening fixed with expandable flexible locked intramedullary nailing and 38 patients (24 male, 14 female) who underwent anatomical locking plating were recruited. Duration of surgery, incision size, duration of hospital stay, union time, and early and late complications were compared between the groups. Functional results were compared with Constant scoring system., Results: Mean duration of surgery was 32.4±9.1 minutes (range: 20-42 minutes) in the nailing group and 54.1±11.9 minutes (range: 42-70 minutes) in the plating group. The incision was 4.1±0.9 cm (range: 3-5 cm) in the nailing group and 9.5±1.7 cm (range: 7-12 cm) in the plating group. Mean union time was 14.8 weeks (range: 10-24 weeks) in the nailing group and 21.3 weeks (range: 12-33 weeks) in the plating group. Mean duration of hospital stay was 3.6±1.1 days (range: 2-4 days) in the plating group, whereas it was 2.3±0.8 days (range: 1-3 days) in the nailing group. In the plating group, an average of 2.7-mm (range: 0-7 mm) shortening was determined in the clavicles that underwent surgery as compared to the intact clavicles, whereas shortening was 2.3 mm (range: 0-6 mm) in the nailing group., Conclusion: Expandable flexible locked intramedullary nailing can provide more successful outcomes than plating in displaced clavicular midshaft fractures, due to advantages such as shorter union time, lower complication rate, and better cosmetic outcomes.

Background: The aim of this study was toreport our experience regarding the use of three different methods for intramedullary nailing in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures., Methods: Patients with A2 and A3 type fractures operated on for unstable trochanteric fractures were included into this retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into three groups based on the technique used; Talon distal fix nail/lag screw (n=78; mean age, 78.5±6.6), PFNA nail (n=96; mean age, 77.2±6.8) or InterTan nails (n=102; mean age, 76.8±6.7). Harris hip scores were recorded at the last outpatient visit and survival information was obtained by phone interview and civil registry database., Results: Baseline characteristics were similar among groups. Operation time, fluoroscopy time and blood loss were significantly higher in InterTan group. Screw cut-out occurred in eight patients in PFNA group. In-hospital mortality occurred in nine (3.2%) patients. Length of hospital stay and postoperative tip-apex distance was not different among groups. At follow-up, healing time and Harris hip scores were also similar among groups. One-year survival rate was 83.1±4.5% in Talon distal fix nail/lag screw, 84.0±3.8% in PFNA group and 84.4±3.7% in InterTan group (p=0.33)., Conclusion: New Talon distal fix nail/lag screw was associated with lower cut-out rates than PFNA and shorter operative times than InterTan. Further study is warranted to clearly establish the potential advantages of Talon distal fix over any other technique described herein.

Objective: Delaying the treatment of bone and tendon injuries may cause unmanageable complications. Bonesetters continue to cause delays in treatment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the medical outcomes of delay due to bonesetter intervention and factors affecting patient treatment preference., Methods: Among outpatients treated at our clinic between January 2010-December 2012, bonesetter-intervened patients were included, and patient demographics, clinical outcomes, and possible social factors were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical examinations and radiological screening measurements were used to evaluate outcomes., Results: Of the 162 patients, 97 (59.8%) were male, and mean age was 27.5±9.4 years. Eighty-nine (54.9%) of the patients lived in a rural area, and 108 (66.7%) underwent surgery. Bonesetter preference was dictated primarily by elderly relatives (47.6%) or neighbors (33.3%). Patients with a primary school education and unemployed patients mostly preferred bonesetters (p=0.03 and p<0.01, respectively), the explanation for which was the long treatment period and concern of being disabled (p=0.04). Complication rate among patients who were evaluated at a hospital was 33.9%., Conclusion: Despite being medically unreliable and often times harmful, bonesetting is still accepted as an alternative treatment modality among uneducated patient and thus remains an ongoing problem in Turkey. Improvements in average education level and increased dissemination of accurate information via various media and non-governmental organizations will be effective in the correction and prevention of the afore-mentioned complications regarding bonesetter interventions.

Objective: The aim of this study is to report our institution's experience regarding the use of open tibial inlay technique in patients undergoing single-stage combined posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction., Methods: Records of 17 patients who underwent PCL reconstruction with tibial inlay technique were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with ipsilateral femoral or tibial osteochondral avulsion fractures or ipsilateral concomitant tibia and femur shaft fractures were excluded. Out of these 17 patients, six cases underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) + PCL reconstruction, nine cases underwent ACL+ PCL + posterolateral corner reconstruction, one case underwent ACL + PCL + MCL reconstruction and one case underwent ACL+ PCL + posterolateral corner + MCL reconstruction. Mean follow-up was 14.27±6.77 (range: 6-30) months., Results: In preoperative assessments, all patients had 3+ posterior laxity in posterior drawer test; at final follow-up, 6 patients had 0 laxity, 7 patients had 1+ laxity, and 4 patients had 2+ laxity (p<0.001). International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) objective evaluation showed severe disability in all patients preoperatively, whereas 5 knees were grade A, 8 knees were grade B, 3 knees were grade C, and 1 knee was grade D at final follow-up. Mean IKDC subjective score was 75.22±7.53 at final follow-up. Postoperatively, mean side-to-side difference in KT-1000 arthrometer measurement was 2.45±1.80 mm. At final follow-up, mean range of motion (ROM) was 0º on extension and 123.56±6.31º on flexion., Conclusion: Open tibial inlay approach is beneficial during PCL reconstruction. Further study is warranted to establish its effectiveness on functional outcomes and prevention of complications.

Objective: Bone protein extract (BPE) usually requires a carrier or a scaffold for implantation. We aimed to compare the effect of equine-derived BPE, an osteoinductive agent composed of a high amount of type-I collagen and other bone proteins (Colloss-E), with that of human demineralized bone matrix (DBM) for treating cavitary bone defects not requiring scaffold use., Methods: Rabbit distal femoral condyle was used as a stable cavitary bone defect model. Bone defects of 6-mm diameter and 10-12-mm depth were created in the femoral condyles. Rabbits were assigned into the equine-derived BPE (BPE), human-derived DBM (DBM), and control (C) groups. Approximately 20 mg of BPE was implanted into the defect in the equine-derived BPE group (n=6), whereas 0.3 cc of DBM was implanted in the DBM group (n=6). Defects were left empty in the C group (n=6). The defect area was histologically examined after 6 weeks., Results: There were no instances of macroscopic defect collapse or failure. Histopathological examination revealed that the BPE group had better scores (statistically significant) than both the other groups in terms of quality of union. The BPE group also had higher scores than the DBM group in terms of graft incorporation and new-bone formation., Conclusion: The current study revealed results consistent with those of the previous studies concerning BPEs. Equine-derived BPE was found to be successful for treating cavitary bone defects not requiring scaffold use.

Objective: Rotator cuff repair is associated with multiple complications, significant morbidity, and reintervention, which could be mitigated by postoperative chemodeneveration with botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A). This study evaluated the antinociceptive and paralytic effects of BTX-A on an experimental supraspinatus repair rat model and its effect on functional outcomes (running performance)., Methods: Thirty rats were grouped into the surgical repair group (group A), repair + intramuscular BTX-A group (group B), or control group (group C). At the end of the 3-month follow-up, running performance of the rats on a motorized treadmill was evaluated in four time periods (0-30 min, 30-60 min, 60-90 min, and 90-110 min), and penalty points (i.e., number of shock stimuli per lane) were recorded. Afterwards, the supraspinatus muscles were removed and evaluated histologically., Results: Regarding running performance, group B received significantly fewer penalty points than did group A (p<0.05). The penalty points received were not significantly different between groups B and C in the first three time periods, but were significantly higher in group B at the 90-110-min interval than in group C. On necropsy, all repaired tendons were intact, with no sign of failure at the repair site. Histological evaluation revealed marked degeneration and necrosis of muscles in both repair groups, which was much less evident in group B. Groups A and B had less fatty infiltration than group C., Conclusion: BTX-A injections resulted in a better function based on running performance, probably due to decreased tissue tension at the repair site and less pain. Further studies on humans are needed to demonstrate this effect clinically.