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The objective of this study was to determine the influence of housing system on the physical, morphological, and mechanical properties of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs. A total of 240 eggs were collected from Japanese quails kept in two different housing systems: cage housing and aviary housing system (120 eggs from each housing system). Eggs from cage housing system were significantly (P, Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi utjecaj sustava držanja na fizikalna, morfološka i mehanička svojstva jaja japanskih prepelica (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Ukupno je prikupljeno 240 jaja japanskih prepelica koje su držane u dva različita sustava držanja: u kaveznom sustavu i u sustavu volijera (120 jaja iz svakog sustava). Jaja iz kaveznog sustava bila su značajno (P

The aim of this study was to compare various physical and mechanical characteristics of eggs laid by ISA Brown hens kept in two different housing systems: aviary housing and free-range system. Aviary housed laying hens laid eggs of statistically significantly higher (P

The aim of this paper was to quantify soil compaction induced by tractor traffic on untilled wet silty loam soil (Mollic Fluvisol). Changes in penetration resistance, bulk density and total porosity were measured for detecting the soil compaction. Treatments include ten passes of a four-wheel drive tractor with the engine power of 54.0 kW and weight of 3560 kg (1580 kg on the front axle and 1980 kg on the rear axle, 2.41 m distance between axles). The tyres on the tractor were cross-ply, front 11.2-24 and rear 16.9-30, with the inflation pressure of 160 kPa and 100 kPa, respectively. The speed of tractor during passes over experimental plots was 5.0 km h-1. In comparison to control, each tractor pass induced an increase in soil penetration resistance at all depths, and the average increment ratios, determined as the average of all layers, were 9.8, 18.5 and 26.1% after one, five and ten passes, respectively. The bulk density also increased with number of tractor passes, but with less percentage increasing. The increment ratios comparison to the control were 3.6, 9.5 and 12.9% after one, five and ten passes, respectively. The total porosity decreased with the number of passes, and the decrement ratios were 4.5, 16.5 and 20.8% after one, five and ten passes, respectively.

Short term experiment with different soil tillage systems in soybean (Glycine max L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production was conducted at the experimental field near Našice on gleyic soil type and semi humid climate conditions. The tillage systems and implements used were: CT – mouldboard plough, disc harrow, seed-bed implement, RT 1 - chisel plough, disc harrow, seed-bed implement, RT 2 – shallow chisel, NT – no-till. Soybean production was economically efficient only with the substantial reduction or complete omission of tillage. While the production of spring barley has proven to be economically efficient at all variants of soil tillage, better economic results were achieved with the reduced tillage and no-till systems. The highest productivity regarding labour requirement per hectare and ton of grain yield was achieved with NT system in both winter barley and soybean production. Regarding the choice of tillage systems, assuming uniform level of yields, the advantage should be given to systems with lower level of tillage intensity, not only to reduce costs but also because of the possibility of simpler production organization due to less machine and labour requirement.

The paper presents results of the two-year experiment in winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) production. Short-term study of non-conventional soil tillage systems was conducted at the experimental field near Staro Petrovo Selo (45° 10’ N, 17° 30’ E) on Hypogley-vertic type of soil and semi humid climate conditions. The tillage systems and implements used were: CT – mouldboard plough, disc harrow, seed-bed implement, drill, RT 1 - chisel plough, disc harrow, seed-bed implement, drill, RT 2 - chisel plough, rotary harrow integrated with seed drill, RT 3 - mouldboard plough, rotary harrow integrated with seed drill. The highest average yields were obtained by RT 3 in barley production (4.42 t ha-1 ) and RT 1 system in soybean (3.78 t ha-1 ) production. The greatest energy and labour savings in soil tillage, among the lowest total cost of production, were achieved by RT 2 system, but due to the significantly lower yields this system has not proved adequate for soybean production, while it could be recommend in barley production due to the highest productivity accompanied with high yields and economic efficiency. The highest economic efficiency of barley production has shown RT 3 system (coefficient of 1.75), while in soybean production the most profitable system was RT 1 (coefficient of 2.16). Regarding the choice of tillage systems, assuming uniform level of yields, the advantage should be given to systems with lower level of tillage intensity, not only to reduce costs but also because of the possibility of simpler production organization due to less machine and labour requirement.

The paper presents results of the two years experiment in oil seed rape ( Brassica napus L) and winter barley ( Hordeum vulgare L) production with five different soil tillage systems carried out in Western Slovenia, at agricultural company "PK Nova Gradiska" in village Staro Petrovo Selo, located 150 km south- east from Zagreb (45degrees10′N, 17degrees30′E). Energy requirement comparison showed that CT system in both crops production had the highest fuel consumption of 47.36 L ha -1 (oil seed rape) and 50.93 L ha -1 (winter barley). Also, the best energy saving system in both crops production was RT1 with 32.60 L ha -1 in oil seed rape and 33.03 L ha -1 in winter barley production, which is decrease of 31.2% and 35.1% respectively. Soil tillage systems comparison regarding labour requirement unveiled that conventional tillage required 2.04 h ha -1 and 0.45 h Mg -1 in oil seed rape, while in winter barley production required 2.14 h ha -1 and 0.52 h Mg -1. The highest average yields were obtained by CT system in oil seed rape (3.85 Mg ha - 1) and RT3 in winter barley production (4.42 Mg ha -1), while the lowest yields were with RT1 in both crops production, 3.21 Mg ha -1 in oil seed rape and 3.71 Mg ha -1 in winter barley.

The paper presents results of one year experiment in winter wheat production with three different soil tillage systems carried out in Slavonia, at fields of agricultural enterprise Hana Našice d.o.o, location Lila. Test crop was winter wheat, variety Renan. Tillage systems were: conventional, conservation and no-till. Energy requirement comparison showed extraordinary expensiveness of conventional tillage with specific consumption of 46.6 L ha-1 and 8.19 L Mg-1 of diesel fuel. Conservation tillage I system required 29.8 L ha-1 and 4.92 L Mg-1, which is 36.1 % less energy per hectare and 40.0 % less energy per ton. Conservation tillage II required 18.9 L ha-1 and 2.85 L Mg-1, which is 59.4 % less energy per hectare and 65.2 % less energy per ton. The most energy saving soil tillage system is no-till with fuel consumption of only 6.2 L ha-1 0.92 L Mg-1 of diesel fuel or 86.7 % less energy per hectare and 88.8 % less energy per ton than conventional system. Soil tillage systems comparison regarding labour requirement unveiled that conventional tillage required 1.95 h ha-1 and 0.34 h Mg-1, while conservation tillage I required 1.29 h ha-1 and 0.21 h Mg- 1 or 33.8 % and 37.9 % less labour requirement than conventional tillage system respectively. Conservation tillage II required 0.74 h ha-1 and 0.11 h Mg-1 or 62.3 % and 67.6 % less labour requirement. No-till required only 0.32 h ha-1 and 0.05 h Mg-1 which is 83.8 % and 86.3 % less than conventional tillage system. The lowest yield of 5.69 t ha-1 achieved conventional tillage, while the highest yield of 6.73 t ha-1 achieved no-till.

The paper presents comparison of three soil tillage systems in maize, winter wheat and soybean production on anthropogenic Luvisol in north-west Slavonia, Croatia, during 1996-1999. Tillage systems and implements were: 1. conventional system (CT)-plough, disc-harrow and combined implement, 2. conservation system (RT)-chisel plough and multitiller, 3. no-till system. The aim of testing was comparison of different tillage systems energy requirement and its influence on yield. Results indicate that conventional tillage (CT) system was the greatest energy consumer with 1813.10 MJ ha-1. Comparing to conventional tillage (CT) system, conservation (RT) system with chisel plough and multitiller spent 1133.14 MJ ha-1or 37.5 % less, while no-till (NT) system required even 85.1 % less energy or 270.13 MJ ha-1. In the first season the greatest yield of maize, 7.78 t ha-1, achieved conventional tillage (CT) system while next to it was conservation (RT) system with 7.77 t ha-1. No-till (NT) system achieved 7.56 t ha-1. Second season the greatest yield of winter wheat, 5.89 t ha-1, achieved conservation tillage (RT) system. Next to it was conventional (CT) system with 5.75 t ha-1, while no-till (NT) achieved 5.73 t ha-1. Third season the greatest yield of soybean, 2.71 t ha-1, achieved conservation tillage (RT) system again, while next to it was conventional (CT) system with 2.64 t ha-1. No-till (NT) achieved 2.61 t ha-1.