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Article Highlights A proper real time measurement whether ice is forming is crucial in the control of a heat recovery ventilation system to save energy The right type of heat recovery in a ventilation system will save energy in frosting conditions Heat recovery ventilations systems must be simulated correctly, including the icing prevention in the heat recovery

Abstract The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the uncertainties of life cycle inventory (LCI) data for energy use and materials in life cycle assessments of standard energy renovation measures carried out in multi-family buildings in Sweden. Five energy renovation measures were assessed with regard to their climate change potential. Modules A1–A3 and module B6 were included in the assessment and the functional unit, 1 m2 heated floor area of a renovated building fulfilling the Swedish building regulations and with a calculation period of 20 years, was used. The uncertainty of LCI data for materials and energy were assessed using the Ecoinvent data quality system. This study shows that with two different energy mixes, all renovation measures result in a decrease in the climate change potential. The five renovation measures used in the simulations, with and without consideration to uncertainties, show a lower climate change potential when carried out than when not carried out. It is also shown in this study that the inclusion of the uncertainties of the input data did not have any impact on the overall decisions to renovate or not to renovate. However, this should not be regarded as a general conclusion. If a renovation measure were to have a higher level of material use, or if the “Future energy mix” were to be improved, uncertainty considerations could become much more important from a climate change perspective. Article Highlights All assessed energy renovation measures show a decrease in their climate change potential when carried out. The energy renovation measures with the largest decreases of climate change potential are also the measures with largest energy saving potential. When uncertainties are considered, there are no overlaps in the results when carrying out or not carrying out a renovation measure.

Purpose: The paper exames notions of health and wellbeing in the context of radically retracted rights to political asylum. It questions the tendency in previous research to regard the political economy of refugee protection as a parallel issue to a range of factors affecting children’s health. Methods: Based on ethnographic research with 19 undocumented refugee children in Sweden, the paper illustrates ways in which the deportation regime conditions participants’ health. Results: Findings show that children lived with precarious status for the better part of their childhoods, alternating between undocumented and asylum seeking statuses. Participants accessed formal rights to education and health through complete or relative strangers at risk of exposure to authorities. The paper argues that conceptualisations of refugee children’s suffering in terms of risk and protective factors are redundant in this context. Moreover, deportability, protracted refugee situations and deprived material conditions are not unique to undocumented refugees, but characterise most refugee children’s lives in welfare states today. Conclusion: In relation to the plight of the refugee child, wellbeing seems to refer to an abstract ontology of desirable states of the human experience, far removed from the real day-to-day lives of individuals shaped by social suffering and structural violence.

This article examines the researcher's potential role and responsibility to facilitate undocumented refugee children's political voice and participation. The paper raises issues of the social status and position scholars give to children in research and epistemological concerns regarding the co-production of children's political assertions in the research encounter. Based on anthropological and participatory research with undocumented refugee children, the article shows that children were often withholding their suffering from family members and it was novel for children to talk openly about their situations with the researcher. However, as trusting relationships developed, children came to formulate and express a social critique of their undocumented situations. Based on children's accounts, the research project engaged with a range of public actors to promote critical dialogue around these children and contribute to societal practice. It is argued that children's lived rights and politics are properly acknowledged when researchers facilitate children's political engagements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The paper exames notions of health and wellbeing in the context of radically retracted rights to political asylum. It questions the tendency in previous research to regard the political economy of refugee protection as a parallel issue to a range of factors affecting children’s health. Methods: Based on ethnographic research with 19 undocumented refugee children in Sweden, the paper illustrates ways in which the deportation regime conditions participants’ health. Results: Findings show that children lived with precarious status for the better part of their childhoods, alternating between undocumented and asylum seeking statuses. Participants accessed formal rights to education and health through complete or relative strangers at risk of exposure to authorities. The paper argues that conceptualisations of refugee children’s suffering in terms of risk and protective factors are redundant in this context. Moreover, deportability, protracted refugee situations and deprived material conditions are not unique to undocumented refugees, but characterise most refugee children’s lives in welfare states today. Conclusion: In relation to the plight of the refugee child, wellbeing seems to refer to an abstract ontology of desirable states of the human experience, far removed from the real day-to-day lives of individuals shaped by social suffering and structural violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Undocumented refugee children live a paradoxical existence, excluded from the right to remain in Sweden while at the same time holding formal rights to education and health. Building on long-term ethnographic research with 19 undocumented children aged 6 to 17, my analysis shows that children carry a pivotal role in hiding their own and the family's whereabouts and migration status. The concept of invisibility is used to explain the political and social forces at play in relation to which undocumented refugee children attempt to hide 'in plain sight'. To maintain social invisibility, I suggest, children must work out whom to reveal their undocumented refugee status to, in both close and distant social relationships. The issue of undocumented migrant children's access to human rights within the local authority is discussed, as well as children's active role in contributing to and transforming the undocumented migration situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-level production system using the universal stress promoters uspA and uspB in a fed-batch cultivation based on minimal medium was designed. In development it was shown that a standard industrial fed-batch protocol could not be used for this purpose since it failed to induce the levels of product as compared to the basal level. Instead, a batch protocol followed by a low constant feed of glucose was shown to give full induction. The levels of the product protein, β-galactosidase, corresponded to approximately 25% of the total protein. Higher levels were found using the uspA than uspB vectors where uspA showed considerably higher basal level. The data indicate that the σ70 regulated promoter, uspA, although affected by the alarmone guanosine tetraphosphate, ppGpp, worked partly in a similar manner to constitutive promoters. An industrial high cell density fed-batch cultivation on the basis of the suggested fed-batch protocol and the uspA promoter gave a final β-galatosidase concentration of 7 g/L and a final cell concentration of 65 g/L. The heterogeneity in production of the individual cell was measured by fluorescence microscopy. The data show that there is a process time independent heterogeneity in production, which is suggested to be caused by heterogeneity in the substrate uptake rate of the individual cell. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 83: 595–603, 2003. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]