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While the domestication literature indicates how national media link foreign events to a country's domestic affairs, it has thus far only examined modes of domestication - the ways through which these links are created. In this article, we introduce a different dimension of the phenomenon: degrees of domestication. This includes the extents to which a foreign event gets connected with the domestic. By making a topic-modeling analysis of French and Dutch newspaper articles about 9/11, the 2004 tsunami in Southeast Asia, the Arab Spring and Donald Trump's political rise, we provide an explorative case study of this dimension. We inductively arrive at a scale ranging from no to extreme domestication of the event, classified according to four degrees of domestication: (1) an entirely foreign affair; (2) a foreign political affair involving domestic actors; (3) a domestic political affair; (4) or a personal disruption. French newspapers score higher on the second degree, the Dutch ones on the third and fourth. A deepening of this pattern shows how these differences stem from two distinctive cultural repertoires that journalists and other media participants employ when relating to foreign events: a French one, which sees them as an opportunity to dominate the international political stage, and a Dutch one, which considers them a reason for reflecting on domestic or personal matters. These clear differences indicate the concept's importance for the literature and for investigating it within other national media contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to analyse Arabic and French news articles published in the two Moroccan daily newspapers, Aujourd'hui le Maroc and Assabah , from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018, using content analysis. The study addresses three research questions: (1) how does Moroccan media portray sub-Saharan migrants both textually and visually? (2) What type of narratives does Moroccan mainstream media circulate about sub-Saharan migrants? (3) How are sub-Saharan migrants framed by the two newspapers? The study is based on mass communication framing theory. Twenty-five articles were selected for the textual analysis and 12 headline images were chosen for the visual analysis. The content analysis findings revealed five frames: administration, border security, criminality, economic-social integration, and vulnerability and victimisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contemporary French Civilization is the property of Liverpool University Press / Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Le Mercure galant , one of France's first newspapers, is notable for its diverse content: politics and foreign affairs, court news, science and medicine, the arts and literature. Directed by Jean Donneau de Visé from its inception in 1672 until his death in 1710, this influential and innovative monthly publication circulated throughout France and beyond its borders. The Mercure 's tendency to blur the lines between truth and fiction, between history and propaganda, and between information and entertainment, makes it an instructive case study in early modern 'fake news'. Donneau de Visé, a self-styled royal historiographer and the beneficiary of a generous royal pension, dedicated his periodical to the Dauphin and published abundant praise of Louis XIV. The Mercure 's news reporting included distortions and propaganda intended to bolster and further entrench the king's foreign and domestic policies. The Mercure 's nouvelles , short stories presented as true recent events, constituted another type of 'fake news', one that often had a different effect, inviting the re-examination of social norms. The nouvelles appealed to the Mercure 's sizeable community of women readers by accentuating female agency and providing a vehicle for the exploration of scenarios of female empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article features Martinican intellectual, writer, translator and editor Paulette Nardal, who is increasingly recognized for her central role in the international networks of black intellectual culture in the 1920s and 1930s. Topics include details of a feature article about Nardal published in the French newspaper "Le monde" in July 2021, a proposal by some to recognize Nardal as one of the symbolic heroes of the fatherland, and an overview of some of Nardal's articles.

Agricultural landscapes are sites of difficult trade‐offs between conservation and production objectives. The media play a part in shaping public opinion and policies and vice‐versa. In line with the constructionist approach to public problems, we analyzed the role of media in the problem‐framing of interrelations between biodiversity and agriculture. We investigated the medium‐term evolution in French national newspaper coverage of these interrelations using a content and time analysis over a 19‐year period (1999–2017). We applied a statistical method using IRaMuTeQ (interface of R) on seven daily newspapers (Le Monde, Libération, La Croix, Les Échos, Le Figaro, L'Humanité, and La Tribune; N = 2,547). Our results reveal the growing importance of agriculture in the public problem of biodiversity loss. The increase of agriculture/biodiversity coverage is driven by environmental issues and specific political events. However, the number of articles focused on biodiversity/agriculture dynamics remains low. Around 2007, the articles shifted from an international species‐centered view to a national and local human‐centered view. These evolutions in media‐coverage create a space for ecologists, social scientists, and agronomists to combine their approaches and to develop and communicate on new actions in favor of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Res Historica is the property of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using articles from two major French newspapers of contrasting ideological viewpoints, this study seeks to explore their representation of cycling the city, and their potential to position readers to view cycling favourably or unfavourably. The analysis, drawing on systemic functional linguistics' appraisal framework, highlights the ways in which readers of both Le Figaro and Le Monde are positioned to take a positive view of cycling through their listings of the benefits of cycling or praise of bicycle-sharing systems. Conversely, readers may embrace a negative view through their reading about cycling casualties and safety issues. The analysis also shows that a reader of Le Monde might feel more inclined to take up cycling than a reader of Le Figaro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the problem of cross-language interaction in mass media; in particular, the author chooses lexical items that have been linguistically converted from Russian into French forms as a specific object of research. In the focus of attention is the process of foreign word penetration into another language and stating peculiarities in the usage of code converted Russian words in modern French press. The cross-language code converted word items are grouped in accordance with a semantic criterion that is based on V.S. Vinogradov's classification, their contextual environment analysis points to specificity of their functions in media texts. The semantic classification of the cross-language code converted lexical items is viewed as correlating with the variety of semantic functions, including nominative, informative, terminological as well as the functions of text exotization or national culture specification. The author concludes that social and political items are majoring and perform the widest range of the functions, the least numerous is a groups of items that nominate natural world phenomena. It is stated that cross-language item code conversion serves for presenting substantive or specifically cultural content of the message, it is used as an expressive language means with a shade of stylistic potential, which is supported with a set of examples and their stylistic interpretations.

In January 2015, masked gunmen attacked the satirical French newspaper Charlie Hebdo. The events presented an ethical dilemma for news organizations around the world, which had to determine whether to republish controversial images from Charlie Hebdo 's history. Many US news organizations explained their ethical decision-making in their own publications or provided interviews to other news agencies reporting about the disagreement. This study is based on a qualitative textual analysis of 35 articles from news outlets in the United States published within a month after the attacks. The analysis considers the journalistic norms and boundaries underlying the news organizations' decisions to republish or withhold the images and how these norms shape assumptions about journalistic professionalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies of the Affiches, a genre of newspaper in late eighteenth-century France, have stressed that they were fundamentally conservative and circumspect. The Affiches ignored the philosophes, and on the rare occasions that they were mentioned, they were generally condemned. In the early years of the Affiches de Bordeaux, however, quite the opposite was true. It regularly covered all sorts of supposedly forbidden subjects, including detailed military and political news, it consistently praised philosophes by name, and it published banned literature. Even anodyne-sounding pieces were sometimes extracts from banned works. The articles in the Affiches de Bordeaux were frequently copied from other newspapers, including illegal foreign ones. Some of its articles were of a relatively conservative cast, but a wide eighteenth-century public in Bordeaux had easy access to Enlightenment ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on ethnographic data from the mid-2000s as well as accounts from French Jewish newspapers and magazines from the 1980s onward, this paper traces the emergence of new French Jewish institutional narratives linking North African Jews to the "European" Holocaust. I argue that these new narratives emerged as a response to the social and political impasses produced by intra-Jewish disagreements over whether and how North African Jews could talk about the Holocaust, which divided French Jews and threatened the relationship between Jewishness and French national identity. These new pedagogical narratives relied on a very different historicity, or way of reckoning time and causality, than those used in more divisive everyday French Jewish Holocaust narratives. By reworking the ways that French Jews reckoned time and causality, they offered an expansive and homogenously "European" Jewishness. This argument works against a growing postcolonial sociological and anthropological literature on religious minorities in France and Europe by emphasizing the contingency, difficulty, and even ambivalence around constructing "Jewishness" as transparently either "European" or "French." It also highlights the role played by historicity—not just history—in producing what counts as group "identity." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes metaphorical constructions expressing the hint. The study is carried out on the basis of the political article headlines of contemporary prestigious French editions of "Monde diplomatique", "Le Figaro", "Télérama". The hint is regarded as an indirect speech act reflecting the meaning of information implicitly. The classification of article headlines is based on the metaphors types: "Anthropomorphic metaphor", "Metaphor of nature", "Social metaphor", "Artifact metaphor" and "Metaphor of irreality". Each type of metaphor is considered in connection with the conceptual spheres related to it. The study showed that in the language of modern French press there is a great number of headline structures containing: "Anthropomorphic metaphor" with such conceptual spheres as "Anatomy and physiology", "Disease", "Family"; "Metaphor of nature" with such concepts as "Animal world", "Plant world"; "Social metaphor", the sources of this metaphorical expansion are such conceptual spheres as "Crime", "War", "Theater", "Game and sport"; "Artifact metaphor" with the concepts "House" and "Mechanism". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines media discourse and emotions in discourse (pathos) during the week before the Greek Referendum of 2015. Drawing on the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis, we study the interrelation between macro-level (dominant) values and views, and the micro-level of media positioning, as retrieved from newspaper headlines. The headlines come from three Greek and two French newspapers of differing political, economic, and ideological standpoints. Focusing on the micro-level, we sketch an integrationist framework of analysis: We conduct a systemic functional analysis to scrutinize the transitivity structures of headlines, and an analysis of pathos in order to track constructed emotions. Among our main findings is that the newspapers, despite their different positionings and interests, converge on a dense discursive and emotional construction that favours the dominant values of a free market and the doctrine of austerity. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Reactionary culture helped shape Thermidors retreat from the ideologies, social policies, and political practices of the Terror, This article explains how it did so by examining the most popular newspaper of the French Revolution's Year III (1794-95), L'orateur du peuple, and editor Stanislas Fréron's appropriation of revolutionary inventiveness to discredit revolutionary activism. Between Robespierre's defeat in July 1794 and the adoption of a new constitution in late summer 1795, Fréron used radical language to condemn first the Terror and then radical republicanism, progressing from attacks on specific legislators to an assault on social welfare, political militancy, and universal suffrage. Elaborating a right-wing ideology that was neither Catholic nor royalist, L'orateur du peuple illuminates the conservative uses of revolutionary political culture. Fréron and the reactionary polemicists among whom he worked forged a virulent reactionary populism in the Year III whose legacy endures today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurement of the value of “media capture” (the control of newspapers by business or political interests) is difficult. However, if capture is valuable, it should affect the price of newspaper shares. Useful information about the value of media capture should be retrievable from Stock Exchange data. Interwar France provides a unique setting to implement this idea because key newspapers floated voting and nonvoting stocks. Combined with takeover prices, data yield estimates of the price of media capture and of the time-series evolution of this price. Comparison with Britain sheds new light on a dark episode of French history. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article assesses the journalistic career of Claude Milscent (1740–1794), who started life as a Saint-Domingue planter and was guillotined a committed Parisian abolitionist and Jacobin. In particular, it will describe the radicalization of his position regarding colonial politics and how he maintained a dialog with his paper's readership: first inLe Creuset, published exclusively in Angers in 1791, and then in his Parisian newspaper,Le Créole Patriote, published from 1792 to early 1794. The main sources for this article include these newspapers along with two of Milscent's published pamphlets:Justification de M. Milscent, Créole, à L'Assemblée Coloniale de S. Domingue(a speech he gave before a colonial assembly toward the end of 1791), andNotes et Remarques sur le Régime des Colonies, et Particulièrement sur celle de Saint Domingue. Milscent's article on the colonies, published in Jacques-Pierre Brissot's newspaperLe Patriote Françaisand entitled “Sur les troubles de Saint-Domingue,” is also important to this study. Archival sources consulted (Archives Nationales, Paris) included colonies: administration, correspondence, personal accounts and reports: BB381A and AF IV 1190, and the records of Milscent's trial in DXXV 56. A critical reading of Milscent's speeches and writings shed light on the intimate personal relationships and colonial developments that informed the revolutionary politics of his day, in both metropole and colony. Milscent initially argued that, as a planter, he had a personal stake in maintaining slavery. His papers, which include his personal testimony and reproduced exchanges with people of color, show how he ultimately interpreted his intellectual and personal relationships both before and during the French Revolution as compelling evidence that he must abandon any personal privilege he enjoyed as a whitecolon. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In 1934 French politics became polarized in a bitter struggle for the soul of France between Jeanne d'Arc and Marianne. In the course of the war in Spain, the positions taken by the Left and Right did not change; they simply hardened. Socialist doctrine was grounded in pacifism, but now it had to confront fascism. The Right, in its many varieties, was pro-appeasement and pro-Mussolini, and did its best to close its eyes to Italo-German rapprochement; Hitlerism was viewed as a terrible danger, but it was still the lesser ideological evil. Toulouse provided a fine observation point on Spain, and its varied press included the centre-left La Dépêche, of international renown. Among its writers, Heinrich Mann and Émile Vandervelde expressed an excessive pro-Republican optimism (as did Léon Blum in Le Midi Socialiste). L'Express du Midi called for volunteers for Franco, and Franco fumed at the poor response. Guglielmo Ferrero meanwhile warned that Europe was now plunged into the greatest intellectual and moral confusion in all its history. With Franco's victory, what all sides came to realize was that France now faced hostile forces on three frontiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The French legislative election of April 23, 1848, was one of the first examples of a ritual that has become central to modern democracy: the consecration by a population of a new political order to replace a fallen regime. The newspaper press played a major but little-studied role in ensuring that the election was held relatively smoothly and that the results were generally accepted by the population. This case study, based on the press of Lyon, France's second largest city, shows, however, the role of the press in 1848 was very different from what it had been in 1830. Despite many years of preparation, the republican opposition journalists of 1848 were resoundingly disavowed by the voters, whereas papers representing the conservative parties and the democratic-socialist movement were more successful in promoting their candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses how the French media perceive the advent of Al Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) in the Sahel, and particularly in Niger. It shows that the French media are constructing Niger as a 'grey area', a dangerous place and a 'failed state' through a monolithic discourse rooted in French cultural and ideological presuppositions about Africa and Africans. I argue that the monolithic discourse of French media on the War on Terror in the Sahel is the result of similar educational trajectories, cultural backgrounds and positions shared by journalists within the field, which tend to produce similar patterns of thinking. The paper is based on a critical analysis of 'representative' articles written between 1 January 2008 and 30 September 2011 in three leading French newspapers. It uses a qualitative approach and takes place within the framework of media content analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This article presents a comparison of metaphor usage in British and French newspaper reports of the February 2008 parliamentary elections in Pakistan and of Barack Obama''s election in November 2008. The focus is the role of metaphor in conveying the writer''s evaluation – conscious or unconscious – of an event, principally by means of pragmatic effects like entailments. It was found that the Pakistan elections were predominantly portrayed as conflict, featuring negative evaluations of Mr Musharraf in superficially objective reports. However, the US elections were described using a far wider range of metaphorical source domains, which combined to convey an evaluation of Mr Obama as following a predestined trajectory as part of ‘the American story’, from slavery to an unspecified but better future America. Yet even in these optimistic portrayals, metaphors of conflict still prevailed, providing evidence that both a positive ethos attached to conflict and a conceptualisation of politics primarily in terms of conflict are embedded in Western culture. The paper concludes that some metaphor usage could have consequences for society, such as perpetuating the under-representation of women in politics, and raises questions regarding the appropriateness of some metaphor usage in a climate of global change and challenge. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article investigates the proliferation of animal imagery in the visual production of the Dreyfus Affair. The use of animal symbols and motifs, for the most part found in the anti-Dreyfusard "gutter press," are situated within deep fin-de-siècle concerns about the nation and the body. Drawing on politically marginal, yet popular newspapers such as Edouard Drumont's La Libre Parole Illustrée and Henri Rochefort's L'Intransigeant, fears of national and bodily infestation, physiognomic stereotyping, and fantasies of teleologicul redemption are found to be rendered through the use of the animal as a device. The article also examines the scientific and literary developments in the study of the "natural, " within which the human relationship to the animal is constructed throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries „ providing a discursive framework from which political caricature drew its content and form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the Young Ottomans and their main publication Hüriyyet (Freedom). The scope of investigation includes references to the former Grandvizier Reshad Pasha, the relevance of the Shari'a and the ambiguous attitude towards the Tanzimat laws as well as the question of equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What are the values guiding the French practice of journalism? What is the place of objectivity among these values? These questions were asked of 13 war correspondents working for eight of the leading French newspapers. While objectivity is rejected as either an unattainable standard or an undesirable norm, it appears that a definition of objectivity is lacking and that this notion is often mistaken for neutrality. Three different conceptions of objectivity-as-neutrality emerge from the interviewees' discourses: as a separation between facts and commentaries, as cautiousness in labeling and as a balance between the parties. Can or should one of these conceptions serve as a guideline in the daily practice of journalism? The interviewees seem to be divided on this question and several propose moral values such as honesty or modesty as alternatives. The reference to moral values in turn proves problematic insofar as the focus on the journalists' attitudes or intentions fails to address responsibility for highly consequential actions. In the end, when discussing specific dilemmas that they themselves have faced, most of the journalists quote accuracy and fairness as criteria for the evaluation of journalistic performance. 'Etre juste' - meaning both to be accurate (justesse) and to be fair (justice) - is what is expected of a professional journalist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article measures and explains criticism in U.S. and French national newspapers during the 1990s and 2000s. Criticism is operationalized in terms of discrete critical statements directed at governmental, political party, business, civil society, and foreign/international organizations or officials; such critical statements, which take various forms-administrative, character, truth, ideology, policy, and strategy-offer a more comprehensive measure of criticism on a day-to-day basis than the occasional in-depth investigative report. While state intervention is often argued to have a censoring effect, this study finds that the more "statist" French press presents a greater density of criticisms than the U.S. press. French newspapers that receive the highest direct subsidies are not less critical of the government or dominant party than other French (or U.S.) newspapers. French newspapers exhibit a slightly higher degree of political parallelism, but in both countries newspapers tend to aim the greatest amount of criticism toward the party in power, whether Left or Right. Relatively higher French criticism is also facilitated by a distinctive French journalistic cultural form, the "debate ensemble," that, in contrast to U.S. "dramatic narrative," organizes the news as a clash of critical opposing viewpoints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the role of religion in the French revolution, focusing on religious ideals expressed in the newspaper "La Feuille villageoise" from 1790 to 1792. Special attention is paid to the inaugural issue of the paper's depiction of conflicts between Protestants and Catholics, and Jansenist elements of the paper's message are discussed. Other topics include religious toleration, the paper's coverage of events in foreign countries, and the paper's anticlericalism.

In this article the author explores the transformations in French films and discussions about them in the newspapers and periodicals from 1860-1889. He discusses several films including "Le Pied de mouton," and comments that it had a spectacular depiction of mutability and had the potential to change and enlarge perspectives. He highlights the various transformation in the making of féeeries including those in abstract figurations of color and light in a state of ongoing movement.

The weekly French satirical newspaper, Charlie hebdo, which originally ran from 1969 to 1982, pending a revival in 1992, distinguishes itself through its bête et méchant ['stupid and nasty'] humorous heritage, defined in its parent publication, Hara-Kiri, as the freedom to make jokes on potentially any subject, however taboo. Whilst this satirical ethos predominated in Charlie hebdo up to 1982, its enduring place in the publication has become more ambiguous since 1992, with the abrupt sacking of Siné in July 2008 seemingly belying its vigorous defence of provocative humour in the context of the 2006 Danish caricature affair. An important underlying continuity nonetheless remains in Charlie hebdo and transcends the bête et méchant project: that of negotiating a space for satirical expression that has continuously engaged with both elements of bande dessinée and the rich French tradition of polemical editorial cartooning and caricature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circulation of the French daily newspapers has been decreasing for several decades, which has caused much debate about a “press crisis”, both in academic and professional circles. This paper examines the crisis of the French regional daily press. First, it introduces some general elements about the press crisis in France and then identifies some of the possible reasons for this crisis. While some factors are economic and common to the daily press as a whole, others are sociological and more specific to the regional press. In particular, the question of the changes in the relations between regional dailies and territorial identities is studied. During the “second modernity”, from the 1960s to the present, phenomena such as individualisation and urbanisation contributed to such changes. Finally, the newspapers' reactions to the crisis are addressed. Changes in the treatment of local news are especially crucial to the survival of the regional dailies, but present obstacles and difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Features the defunct French news magazine 'L'Europeen.' Purpose of the magazine; Reasons for the failure; Sections of the magazine; Scrutiny of politicians; Criticisms about nationalism; Schemes identifying forces and institutions that slow down Europeanization; Comparison of European attitudes concerning diversity and richness in Europe; Difficulties faced by the journalists who worked for the magazine.

Investigates the use of French newspapers as a source of intelligence materials during World War II. Examination of the mechanism by which the materials were gathered and analyzed; Discussion on the provenance and content of the materials that reached Great Britain; Details on the cooperation between the French and British departments regarding their intelligence operations.

This case study analyses a violent farmers' protest in Brittany in 1998 and its coverage by the French press, especially the local press, which is very influential in western France. The study argues that the structure of the local press can be represented by the metaphor of a Filo pastry with its various levels of local, county (département in France), regional and national news sections, generating an often quite distinctive framing of the same event. The study challenges the widely accepted idea of a structural bias in press coverage against social movements. The proximity of local journalists to the protest and their typically close, sometimes personal knowledge of many of the actors combine to produce a "comprehensive", often friendly coverage of the action, as long as this does not trigger the opposition of powerful challengers in the local arena. Newspaper reporting of this protest also reveals ambiguities concerning the newsworthiness of violence, which triggers both coverage and criticism. The study suggests that local journalists are able to express a "local" public opinion. The virtually "instant" coverage of even the smallest protest actions by local news sections, moreover, challenges the alleged centralising bias reported in many studies of social movements. Based on data from the analysis of national broadsheets, these studies typically consider only the newsworthy, "visible" part of protest events, which are reported more promptly and in greater detail by local newspapers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article compares the symbolic production of fashion in French newspaper "Le Monde," and English newspaper "The Guardian." In "Le Monde," the field of fashion is constructed based on the belief in fashion as high culture, while the production of fashion is constructed in "The Guardian" based on the belief in fashion as popular culture. It relates how fashion designers are depicted as fashion stars in "The Guardian." On the other hand, they are depicted as creators of high fashion as high art in "Le Monde."

Offers a look at a survey of 27 French journalists responsible for choosing foreign news from the wire services to publish in regional newspapers outside Paris. Shows that `Agence France Presse' remains the major wire source. Suggests that the unique style of `Agence France Presse' may have to give way to be more competitive.

This study compares findings from the author's survey of 310 French newspaper journalists in France with a simultaneous survey done in the United States. In both studies, journalists replied to the same battery of questions about ethical standards in reporting. Results provide evidence of shared values among French journalists and, to a much lesser extent, between French and U.S. journalists. The highest agreement was found in support of keeping a promise of source confidentiality. French results further indicated support for the notion that journalists differentiate between the justification of active and passive deception. The study calls for polling of nonjournalists in similar future studies to aid in sorting out cultural from occupational differences and similarities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an index of towns for the issue's bibliography of French newspapers and periodicals published outside of New Orleans, Louisiana in the 19th-century.

The article presents a comprehensive bibliography of French newspapers and periodicals published within the parishes of Louisiana, including "L'Ami des Planteurs de Donaldsonville," "Le Foyer Créole," and "L'Union de Natchitoches."