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We provide a short proof of the quantization of the Hall conductance for gapped interacting quantum lattice systems on the twodimensional torus. This is not new and should be seen as an adaptation of the proof of Hastings and Michalakis (Commun Math Phys 334:433-471, 2015), simplified by making the stronger assumption that the Hamiltonian remains gapped when threading the torus with fluxes. We argue why this assumption is very plausible. The conductance is given by Berry's curvature and our key auxiliary result is that the curvature is asymptotically constant across the torus of fluxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose and demonstrate an approach that can achieve high-resolution quantization by employing soliton self-frequency shift and spectral compression. Our approach is based on a bi-directional comb-fiber architecture which is composed of a Sagnac-loop-based mirror and a comb-like combination of N sections of interleaved single-mode fibers and high nonlinear fibers. The Sagnac-loop-based mirror placed at the terminal of a bus line reflects the optical pulses back to the bus line to achieve additional N-stage spectral compression, thus single-stage soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS) and ( 2 N − 1 )-stage spectral compression are realized in the bi-directional scheme. The fiber length in the architecture is numerically optimized, and the proposed quantization scheme is evaluated by both simulation and experiment in the case of N = 2 . In the experiment, a quantization resolution of 6.2 bits is obtained, which is 1.2-bit higher than that of its uni-directional counterpart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With growing demand for energy, power generated in renewable sources at vari-ous locations are distributed throughout the power grid. The power grid known as the smart grid needs to monitor power generation and its smart distribution. Smart meters provide solutions for monitoring power over smart grids. Smart meters need to continuously log data and at every source there is a large amount of data generated that needs to be compressed for both storage and transmission over the smart grid. In this paper, a novel algorithm for PQ data compression is proposed that uses the Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) for sub-band computation and a modified quantizer is designed to reduce sub-band coefficient limits to less than 4 bits. The Run Length Encoding (RLC) and Huffman Coding algorithm encode the data further to achieve compression. The performance metrics such as a peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and compression ratio (CR) are used for evaluation and it is found that the modified DTCWT (MDTCWT) improves PSNR by a factor of 3% and the mean squared error (MSE) by a factor of 16% as compared with the DTCWT based PQ compression algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempts to spell out more explicitly than has been done previously the connection between two types of formal correspondence that arise in the study of quantum-classical relations: one the one hand, deformation quantization and the associated continuity between quantum and classical algebras of observables in the limit ħ→0, and, on the other, a certain generalization of Ehrenfest’s Theorem and the result that expectation values of position and momentum evolve approximately classically for narrow wave packet states. While deformation quantization establishes a direct continuity between the abstract algebras of quantum and classical observables, the latter result makes in-eliminable reference to the quantum and classical state spaces on which these structures act—specifically, via restriction to narrow wave packet states. Here, we describe a certain geometrical re-formulation and extension of the result that expectation values evolve approximately classically for narrow wave packet states, which relies essentially on the postulates of deformation quantization, but describes a relationship between the actions of quantum and classical algebras and groups over their respective state spaces that is non-trivially distinct from deformation quantization. The goals of the discussion are partly pedagogical in that it aims to provide a clear, explicit synthesis of known results; however, the particular synthesis offered aspires to some novelty in its emphasis on a certain general type of mathematical and physical relationship between the state spaces of different models that represent the same physical system, and in the explicitness with which it details the above-mentioned connection between quantum and classical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel Diode Free Adiabatic Logic (DFAL) based Threshold Inverter Quantizer (TIQ) is suggested in this work for implementing a 3-bit Flash type Analog to Digital Converter (FADC). For appropriate implementation of such TIQ, there is a necessity of rehabilitated reference voltage for each of the comparator and this task is accomplished methodically by sizing the transistors of the TIQ comparators. The suggested work is carried out with TSMC 65 nm Technology on Cadence-Virtuoso-IC616 version. The average power dissipation by the proposed FADC simulated at 1.2 V and for 1fF capacitive load is 5.5 µW, which is 66 % less than that of the power consumed by CMOS-TIQ based FADC at 100 Hz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of antimatter was initiated by Paul Dirac in 1920 but solely continued in the 20th century at the level of second quantization. In this paper, we outline and update the studies of antimatter at all possible classical and particle levels by R. M. Santilli , which studies have been motivated by evidence that Earth has been devastated in the past by antimatter asteroids. The studies were conducted following the prior construction of an anti-Hermitean image of the mathematics used for matter, including an anti-Hermitean image of Lie's theory. The ensuing isodual theory of antimatter predicts that: all characteristics of antimatter are opposite those of matter as a necessary condition to represent matter-antimatter annihilation; charge conjugation can be generalized into anti-Hermitean isodual map applicable for all classical and operators quantities; and predicts that antimatter emits a new light, known as Santilli isoduallight, whose characteristics are all opposite to those of light emitted by matter. We review the basic mathematical and physical formalism of the isodual theory of antimatter; we show that it verifies available experimental data on antimatter; and we identify predictions suitable for experimental verifications. In a second paper, we plan to review the status of the ongoing efforts to detect antimatter galaxies, antimatter asteroids, antimatter cosmic rays, and antimatter light coronas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We address the quantisation of a model that induces the Little Sibling of the Big Rip (LSBR) abrupt event, where the dark energy content is described by means of a phantom-like fluid or a phantom scalar field. The quantisation is done in the framework of the Wheeler-DeWitt (WDW) equation and imposing the DeWitt boundary condition; i.e., the wave function vanishes close to the abrupt event. We analyse the WDW equation within two descriptions: First, when the dark energy content is described with a perfect fluid. This leaves the problem with the scale factor as the single degree of freedom. Second, when the dark energy content is described with a phantom scalar field in such a way that an additional degree of freedom is incorporated. Here, we have applied the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approximation in order to simplify the WDW equation. In all cases, the obtained wave function vanishes when the LSBR takes place, thus fulfilling the DeWitt boundary condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the framework of the third quantization, we consider the possibility that an initially recollapsing baby universe can enter a stage of near de Sitter inflation by tunnelling through a Euclidean wormhole that connects the recollapsing and inflationary geometries. We present the solutions for the evolution of the scale factor in the Lorentzian and Euclidean regions as well as the probability that the baby universe indeed crosses the wormhole when it reaches its maximum size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first folding-flash time-to-digital converter (TDC) based on the remainder number system (RNS) is reported. In this paper, fine quantization of an input time interval is performed directly with dual free-running ring oscillators without additional circuitry to record the coarse bits. The RNS architecture reduces hardware complexity significantly without speed impairment relative to the full flash counterpart employing delay chains. As a proof-of-concept design, 490 quantization levels using only 84 delay stages achieve a sample rate of 215 MS/s and an LSB size of 9.4 ps. Without trimming or calibration, the measured differential nonlinearity and integral nonlinearity of the RNS TDC prototype are +0.53/−0.57 and +1.1/−1.1 LSBs, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two-stage continuous-time $\Delta \Sigma $ modulator with voltage-controlled oscillator based quantizer (VCOQ) is presented. The presented modulator suppresses the VCOQ voltage-to-frequency nonlinearity through dual path cancellation to achieve high linearity. As an added advantage, this architecture exhibits strong immunity to the first stage quantization error leakage to the output due to gain mismatches between the two stages. Fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS technology, the prototype modulator operates at 1.5 GS/s and achieves 76.1 dB SNR, 73.5 dB SNDR, 88 dB SFDR, and 76.1 dB dynamic range (DR) in 50 MHz bandwidth. This prototype demonstrates robust performance with less than 1.5 dB variation in SNDR for ±10% gain mismatch between the two stages. Also, the SNDR variation remains within 1 dB for a temperature variation of 0°C–80°C. The modulator consumes 51.8 mW of power leading to a Walden FoM of 134 fJ/conv-step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the quantum theory of the Penning trap in terms of individualxandyradial modes of the motion of a single charged particle in the trap, and demonstrate how the conventional rotating frame used to examine these individual dynamics fails in the quantum regime. In solving the radial Hamiltonian in thebasis, we show how canonical transformation of the variables must take placeafterquantization, in order that these separate motions can be consistently tracked. This is in contrast to previous work. The results of the discussion lend themselves to a fully quantum treatment of mode coupling in the trap, leading to an avoided crossing between the coupled energy levels of the system. Exploiting the algebraic structure of the problem allows employment of a dressed-atom formalism within quantum Penning trap theory, and future applications resulting from this are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The electric vehicle (EV) flexibility, indicates to what extent the charging load can be coordinated (i.e., to flatten the load curve or to utilize renewable energy resources). However, such flexibility is neither well analyzed nor effectively quantified in literature. In this paper we fill this gap and offer an extensive analysis of the flexibility characteristics of 390k EV charging sessions and propose measures to quantize their flexibility exploitation. Our contributions include: (1) characterization of the EV charging behavior by clustering the arrival and departure time combinations that leads to the identification of type of EV charging behavior, (2) in-depth analysis of the characteristics of the charging sessions in each behavioral cluster and investigation of the influence of weekdays and seasonal changes on those characteristics including arrival, sojourn and idle times, and (3) proposing measures and an algorithm to quantitatively analyze how much flexibility (in terms of duration and amount) is used at various times of a day, for two representative scenarios. Understanding the characteristics of that flexibility (e.g., amount, time and duration of availability) and when it is used (in terms of both duration and amount) helps to develop more realistic price and incentive schemes in DR algorithms to efficiently exploit the offered flexibility or to estimate when to stimulate additional flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct a prequantum 2-Hilbert space for any line bundle gerbe whose Dixmier-Douady class is torsion. Analogously to usual prequantization, this 2-Hilbert space has the category of sections of the line bundle gerbe as its underlying 2-vector space. These sections are obtained as certain morphism categories in Waldorf's version of the 2-category of line bundle gerbes. We show that these morphism categories carry a monoidal structure under which they are semisimple and abelian. We introduce a dual functor on the sections, which yields a closed structure on the morphisms between bundle gerbes and turns the category of sections into a 2-Hilbert space. We discuss how these 2-Hilbert spaces fit various expectations from higher prequantization. We then extend the transgression functor to the full 2-category of bundle gerbes and demonstrate its compatibility with the additional structures introduced. We discuss various aspects of Kostant-Souriau prequantization in this setting, including its dimensional reduction to ordinary prequantization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The so-called copy-move forgery, based on copying an object and pasting in another location of the same image, is a common way to manipulate image content. In this paper, we address the problem of copy-move forgery detection in JPEG images. The main problem with JPEG compression is that the same pixels, after moving to a different position and storing in the JPEG format, have different values. The majority of existing algorithms is based on matching pairs of similar patches, which generates many false matches. In many cases they cannot be eliminated by postprocessing, causing the failure of detection. To overcome this problem, we derive a JPEG-based constraint that any pair of patches must satisfy to be considered a valid candidate and propose an efficient algorithm to verify the constraint. The constraint can be integrated into most existing methods. Experiments show significant improvement of detection, especially for difficult cases, such as small objects, objects covered by textureless areas and repeated patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum states have been calculated analytically; the dynamics of a wave packet in a magnetic field has been investigated, and the optical absorption coefficient has been calculated for surface states in 3D topological insulators of the Bi2Te3 family. We have detected a qualitative effect of the hexagonal warping of the spectrum on the structure of wavefunctions at the Landau levels, its manifestation in the features of the wave packet dynamics in a quantizing magnetic field, as well as in the frequency dependence of the optical absorption coefficient, in which new peaks that are absent in the isotropic model of the spectrum appear depending on the polarization of the incident wave. The effects considered here can be manifested in the optical and transport experiments with topological insulators, which makes it possible to determine the parameters of their band structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A thin film of superfluid 3He on a corrugated graphene substrate represents topological matter with a smooth disorder. It is possible that the atomically smooth disorder produced by the corrugated graphene does not destroy the superfluidity even in a very thin film, where the system can be considered as quasi two-dimensional topological material. This will allow us to study the effect of disorder on different classes of the 2 + 1 topological materials: the chiral 3He-A with intrinsic quantum Hall effect and the time reversal invariant planar phase with intrinsic spin quantum Hall effect. In the limit of smooth disorder, the system can be considered as a Chern mosaic, i.e., a collection of domains with different values of Chern numbers. In this limit, the quantization of the Hall conductance is determined by the percolated domain, while the density of the fermionic states is determined by the edge modes on the boundaries of the finite domains. This system can be useful for the general consideration of disorder in the topological matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the fabrication of electrostatically defined nanostructures in encapsulated bilayer graphene, with leakage resistances below depletion gates as high as R ~ 10 GΩ. This exceeds previously reported values of R = 10-100 kΩ.1-3 We attribute this improvement to the use of a graphite back gate. We realize two split gate devices which define an electronic channel on the scale of the Fermi-wavelength. A channel gate covering the gap between the split gates varies the charge carrier density in the channel. We observe device-dependent conductance quantization of ΔG = 2e²/h and ΔG = 4e²/h. In quantizing magnetic fields normal to the sample plane, we recover the four-fold Landau level degeneracy of bilayer graphene. Unexpected mode crossings appear at the crossover between zero magnetic field and the quantum Hall regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this series of papers, we investigate the projective framework initiated by Kijowski (1977) and Okołów (2009, 2014, 2013) [1,2] , which describes the states of a quantum theory as projective families of density matrices. A short reading guide to the series can be found in Lanéry (2016). A strategy to implement the dynamics in this formalism was presented in our first paper Lanéry and Thiemann (2017) (see also Lanéry, 2016, section 4), which we now test in two simple toy-models. The first one is a very basic linear model, meant as an illustration of the general procedure, and we will only discuss it at the classical level. In the second one, we reformulate the Schrödinger equation, treated as a classical field theory, within this projective framework, and proceed to its (non-relativistic) second quantization. We are then able to reproduce the physical content of the usual Fock quantization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a compact diffractive silicon-based multilevel phase Fresnel lens (MPFL) with up to 50 mm in diameter and a numerical aperture up to 0.86 designed and fabricated for compact terahertz (THz) imaging systems. The laser direct writing technology based on a picosecond laser was used to fabricate diffractive optics on silicon with a different number of phase quantization levels P reaching an almost kinoform spherical surface needed for efficient THz beam focusing. Focusing performance was investigated by measuring Gaussian beam intensity distribution in the focal plane and along the optical axis of the lens. The beam waist and the focal depth for each MPFL were evaluated. The influence of the phase quantization number on the focused beam amplitude was estimated, and the power transmission efficiency reaching more than 90% was revealed. The THz imaging of less than 1 mm using a robust 50 mm diameter multilevel THz lens was achieved and demonstrated at 580 GHz frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present report we analyze the modifications caused by the polymer quantization upon the ground state of a homogeneous one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate. We obtain the ground state energy of the corresponding N-body system and consequently, the corresponding speed of sound, allowing us to explore the sensitivity of the system to corrections caused by the polymer length scale. Such corrections can be enhanced for dense systems together with small values of the corresponding one-dimensional scattering length. However, these corrections remain constrained due to finite size effects of the system. The contributions of the polymer length scale to the properties of the ground state energy of the system allow us to explore, as a first approximation and when the Bogoliubov's formalism is valid, the sensitivity of this many-body system to traces caused by the discreteness of space suggested by the polymer quantization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering & Sustainable Development is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Maintenance & Reliability / Eksploatacja i Niezawodność is the property of Polish Scientific & Technical Society Consumables, Polish Maintenance Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A canonical relativistic quantization of the electromagnetic field is introduced in the presence of an anisotropic conductor magneto-dielectric medium in a standard way in the Gupta-Bleuler framework. The medium is modeled by a continuum collection of the vector fields and a continuum collection of the antisymmetric tensor fields of the second rank in Minkowski space-time. The collection of vector fields describes the conductivity property of the medium and the collection of antisymmetric tensor fields describes the polarization and the magnetization properties of the medium. The conservation law of the total electric charges, induced in the anisotropic conductor magneto-dielectric medium, is deduced using the antisymmetry conditions imposed on the coupling tensors that couple the electromagnetic field to the medium. Two relativistic covariant constitutive relations for the anisotropic conductor magneto-dielectric medium are obtained. The constitutive relations relate the antisymmetric electric-magnetic polarization tensor field of the medium and the free electric current density four-vector, induced in the medium, to the strength tensor of the electromagnetic field, separately. It is shown that for a homogeneous anisotropic medium the susceptibility tensor of the medium satisfies the Kramers-Kronig relations. Also it is shown that for a homogeneous anisotropic medium the real and imaginary parts of the conductivity tensor of the medium satisfy the Kramers-Kronig relations and a relation other than the Kramers-Kronig relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we develop the main ideas of the quantized version of affinely rigid (homogeneously deformable) motion. We base our consideration on the usual Schrödinger formulation of quantum mechanics in the configuration manifold, which is given, in our case, by the affine group or equivalently by the semi-direct product of the linear group [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The temporal evolution of a quantum spherical spin in contact with a thermal bath is studied by solving the exact Redfield equation, in order to evaluate the effect of the frequently used Lindblad approximation. This simple model can be used as a starting point for the study of more complex open quantum systems. Significant discrepancies are observed for short times. In the equilibrium state both models give identical results, as expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are an important component in electronics design. One of the difficulties being faced is to be able to accurately and cost-effectively test the continually higher performance of ADCs under budget constraints. Test time for static linearity is a major portion of the total test cost. Our group proposed an ultrafast segmented model identification of linearity error (uSMILE) algorithm for estimating linearity, which reduces test time dramatically compared to the conventional method. However, this algorithm produces large estimation errors in low resolution ADCs (10-12 bits) when the input is a ramp signal, for which the quantization noise of ADC becomes a dominant part in the total noise. In this study, we propose three types of distribution dithering methods added to the ramp input signal to reduce the estimation error when uSMILE was applied to low resolution ADCs. Fixed pattern was proved to be the most efficient and cost-effective method by comparing with the Gaussian, uniform, and fixed-pattern distributions. The simulation results indicate that the estimation error can be significantly reduced in a 12-bit SAR ADC with effective dithering. Furthermore, a hardware evaluation board with commercial ADC products was used to validate the effectiveness of the fixed-pattern dithering methods, and our measurement shows the INL estimation error can be reduced to less than 0.1 LSB. Such dithering method relaxes the input requirement of uSMILE algorithm which dramatically reduces the test setup cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We employ here the enhancement of the vector potential amplitude quantization at a single photon state. The analysis of the general solution of the vector potential, obtained by resolving Maxwell's equations, implies that the amplitude is proportional to the angular frequency. The photon vector potential function αkλ(r, t) can be written in the plane wave representation satisfying the classical wave propagation equation, Schrödinger's equation for the energy with the relativistic massless field Hamiltonian and a linear time-dependent equation for the vector potential amplitude operator. Thus, the vector potential αkλ(r, t) with the quantized amplitude may play the role of a real wave function for the photon in a nonlocal representation that can be suitably normalized. We then deduce that the amplitudes of the electric and magnetic fields, respectively, of a single free photon are proportional to the square of the angular frequency. This might open perspectives for the development of nondestructive photon detection methods based on the influence of the electric and/or magnetic fields of photons on the energy levels of atoms and molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we discuss the Yukawa model with the extra term of self-interacting scalar field in $$D=1+3$$ dimensions. We present the method of derivation the light-front commutators and anti-commutators from the Heisenberg equations induced by the kinematical generating operator of the translation $$P^{+}$$ . Mentioned Heisenberg equations are the starting point for obtaining this algebra of the (anti-) commutators. Some discrepancies between existing and proposed method of quantization are revealed. The Lorentz and the CPT symmetry, together with some features of the quantum theory were applied to obtain the two-point Wightman function for the free fermions. Moreover, these Wightman functions were computed especially without referring to the Fock expansion. The Gaussian effective potential for the Yukawa model was found in the terms of the Wightman functions. It was regularized by the space-like point-splitting method. The coupling constants within the model were redefined. The optimum mass parameters remained regularization independent. Finally, the Gaussian effective potential was renormalized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the connection of holomorphic two-dimensional factorization algebras and vertex algebras which has been made precise in the forthcoming book of Costello-Gwilliam. We provide a construction of the Virasoro vertex algebra starting from a local Lie algebra on the complex plane. Moreover, we discuss an extension of this factorization algebra to a factorization algebra on the category of Riemann surfaces. The factorization homology of this factorization algebra is computed as the correlation functions. We provide an example of how the Virasoro factorization algebra implements conformal symmetry of the beta-gamma system using the method of effective BV quantization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently proposed exceptional field theories (EFTs) making manifest the duality E n ( n ) symmetry, first observed as nonlinearly realized symmetries of the maximal d = 3 , 4 , . . . , 9 supergravity ( n = 11 − d ) and containing 11D and type IIB supergravity as sectors, were formulated in enlarged spacetimes. In the case of E 7 ( 7 ) EFT such an enlarged spacetime can be identified with the bosonic body of the d = 4 central charge superspace Σ ( 60 | 32 ) , the N = 8 d = 4 superspace completed by 56 additional bosonic coordinates associated to central charges of the maximal d = 4 supersymmetry algebra. In this paper we show how the hypothesis on the relation of all the known E n ( n ) EFTs, including n = 8 , with supersymmetry leads to the conjecture on existence of 11D exceptional field theory living in 11D tensorial central charge superspace Σ ( 528 | 32 ) and underlying all the E n ( n ) EFTs with n = 2 , . . . , 8 , and probably the double field theory (DFT). We conjecture the possible form of the section conditions of such an 11D EFT and show that quite generic solutions of these can be generated by superparticle models the ground states of which preserve from one half to all but one supersymmetry. The properties of these superparticle models are briefly discussed. We argue that, upon quantization, their quantum states should describe free massless non-conformal higher spin fields in D = 11 . We also discuss some relevant representations of the M-theory superalgebra which, in the present context, describes supersymmetry of the 11D EFT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that the skewness and kurtosis parameters of optical fields with quantized orbital angular momenta (OAM) and integer topological charge, which depend on the propagation distance only through normalized transverse coordinates, remain invariant at propagation through axially symmetric first-order optical systems, if defined in terms of higher-order moments of the radial coordinate. The values of these parameters, which characterize the shape of optical fields, depend on the type of OAM beams (Gaussian, Laguerre–Gauss or spiral phase plates in far-field) and the topological charge. As a result, the skewness and kurtosis can be used to identify the type of OAM beam and the absolute value of the topological charge for Gaussian and Laguerre–Gauss vortices encountered in most applications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We prove the existence of stationary turbulent flows with arbitrary positive vortex circulation on non-simply connected domains. Our construction yields solutions for all real values of the inverse temperature with the exception of a quantized set, for which blow-up phenomena may occur. Our results complete the analysis initiated in Ricciardi and Zecca (2016). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) possesses a special intact coding flow frame that involves four basic procedures: prediction, transformation, quantization and entropy coding. The whole process has high computational complexity, especially the transformation and quantization, which obstruct HEVC for real-time application. To reduce the computational complexity, computing time, or resources, a fast rate-distortion optimized algorithm for HEVC is presented. The rate distortion optimized transformation (RDOT) with reclassification and the rate-distortion optimized quantization (RDOQ) extensional bypass decision method are employed to save the computational complexity. The RDOT performs initial classification and reclassification for each class to simplify the decorrelation of residual data transformation. Moreover, the RDOQ bypass could reduce the computational complexity by skipping the unnecessary candidates of transformation blocks with high computation. Experimental results reveal that the proposed algorithm implemented reduces HEVC coding complexity and achieves almost the same coding performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We address the problem of sparse signal recovery in compressed sensing when a fraction of acquired measurements is invalid or damaged. This may occur due to some system malfunction or unreliable transmission medium. The current solution requires increasing the number of measurements to achieve accurate signal recovery, otherwise recovery performance is jeopardized. We study the performance impact of prefiltering the acquired measurements by detecting and omitting potentially invalid measurements prior to signal recovery. We demonstrate analytically and numerically that this approach significantly reduces the number of measurements required for accurate recovery, which leads to overall improvement of recovery performance, especially when a large fraction of measurements is invalid. Therefore, this approach enhances the ability of compressed sensing to tolerate realistic implementation challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the generation of a local oscillator (LO) signal for cellular transceivers by means of a phase-locked loop and a phase interpolator (PI) digital-to-time converter (DTC). The PI-DTC allows arbitrary frequency shifts over a wide range. We derive a closed-form description of the spurs in the spectrum of the LO signal caused by quantization and nonlinear effects for the PI-DTC. Furthermore, we show the existence of a new class of spurs generated due to noise processes in the PI. Measurement and simulation results are in good agreement with our closed-form solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Majorana zero modes (MZMs) are prime candidates for robust topological quantum bits, holding a great promise for quantum computing. Semiconducting nanowires with strong spin orbit coupling offer a promising platform to harness one-dimensional electron transport for Majorana physics. Demonstrating the topological nature of MZMs relies on braiding, accomplished by moving MZMs around each other in a certain sequence. Most of the proposed Majorana braiding circuits require nanowire networks with minimal disorder. Here, the electronic transport across a junction between two merged InSb nanowires is studied to investigate how disordered these nanowire networks are. Conductance quantization plateaus are observed in most of the contact pairs of the epitaxial InSb nanowire networks: the hallmark of ballistic transport behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proper-time regularization of bosonic string reproduces the results of canonical quantization in a special scaling limit where the length in target space has to be renormalized. We repeat the analysis for the Pauli-Villars regularization and demonstrate the universality of the results. In the mean-field approximation, we compute the susceptibility anomalous dimension and show it equals 1/2. We discuss the relation with the previously known results on lattice strings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We derive the formula of the entanglement entropy between the left and right oscillating modes of the σ -model with the de Sitter target space. To this end, we study the theory in the cosmological gauge in which the non-vanishing components of the metric on the two-dimensional base space are functions of the expansion parameter of the de Sitter space. The model is embedded in the causal north pole diamond of the Penrose diagram. We argue that the cosmological gauge is natural to the σ -model as it is compatible with the canonical quantization relations. In this gauge, we obtain a new general solution to the equations of motion in terms of time-independent oscillating modes. The constraint structure is adequate for quantization in the Gupta–Bleuler formalism. We construct the space of states as a one-parameter family of Hilbert spaces and give the Bargmann–Fock and Jordan–Schwinger representations of it. Also, we give a simple description of the physical subspace as an infinite product of D 1 2 + in the positive discreet series irreducible representations of the S U ( 1 , 1 ) group. We construct the map generated by the Hamiltonian between states at two different values of time and show how it produces the entanglement of left and right excitations. Next, we derive the formula of the entanglement entropy of the reduced density matrix for the ground state acted upon by the Hamiltonian map. Finally, we determine the asymptotic form of the entanglement entropy of a single mode bi-oscillator in the limit of large values of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Duflo map is a valuable tool for operator ordering in contexts in which the Kirillov–Kostant–Souriau bracket and its quantization play a role. It has beautiful properties on the subspace of the symmetric algebra over a Lie algebra consisting of elements invariant under the adjoint action. In the present work, we focus on its action beyond this subspace: We calculate the image of the exponential map, to obtain a certain deformation of SU(2), and we discuss and compare modifications of its action on non-invariant elements. Also, an application to the calculation of Chern–Simons theory expectation values is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We review the quantizer-dequantizer formalism of constructing symbols of the density operators and quantum observables, such as Wigner functions and tomographic-probability distributions. We present a tutorial consideration of the technique of obtaining minimal sets of dequantizers (quorum) related to the observable eigenvalues for one-qubit states. We discuss a generalization of the quantizer-dequantizer scheme on the example of spin-1/2 states. We consider the possibilities of extending the results to two-qubit systems using spin tomograms of the state density matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kinetics of relaxation of photoluminescence from the interband transition between dimensionalquantization levels of electrons and holes in InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells as a function of their distance to an interface with Au is investigated. It is demonstrated that the photoluminescence relaxation time becomes several times shorter when the distance from the quantum well to the interface decreases to several tens of nanometers. It is established that the photoluminescence relaxation time at a shorter wavelength corresponding to a recombination transition between excited states of electrons and holes in the quantum well is shorter than that at a longer wavelength corresponding to a recombination transition between the ground states. A theoretical model explaining this phenomenon is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the advances of distributed fusion estimation (DFE) algorithms for multi-sensor networked systems (NSs) are reviewed. First, several general DFE algorithms are reviewed. Then, some random phenomena in NSs are discussed, including data quantization, random transmission delays, packet dropouts, fading measurements and communication disturbances. Finally, the advances of DFE algorithms for NSs are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We seek to extend work by Christianson–Hassell–Toth [3] on restrictions of Neumann data of Laplacian eigenfunctions to interior hypersurfaces to a general semiclassical setting. In the semiclassical regime the appropriate generalization is to study the restrictions of the functionv = ν(x,hD)uwhereν(x,hD) is the operator defined by quantizing the normal velocity observable. For the Laplacianwhereνis the normal to the hypersurface. We find thatprovideduis anquasimode of the semiclassical pseudodifferential operatorp(x,hD). This statement should be interpreted as a statement of non-concentration for the quantization of normal velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent developments in quantum gravity have shown the Lorentzian treatment to be a fruitful approach towards the emergence of macroscopic space-times. In this paper, we discuss another related aspect of the Lorentzian treatment: we argue that collective quantum coherence may provide a simple mechanism for highlighting symmetric configurations over generic non-symmetric ones. After presenting the general framework of the mechanism, we show the phenomenon in some concrete simple examples in the randomly connected tensor network, which is tightly related to a certain model of quantum gravity, i.e., the canonical tensor model. We find large peaks at configurations invariant under Lie-group symmetries as well as a preference for charge quantization, even in the Abelian case. In future study, this simple mechanism may provide a way to analyze the emergence of macroscopic space-times with global symmetries as well as various other symmetries existing in nature, which are usually postulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chamseddine and Mukhanov showed that gravity and gauge theories could be unified in one geometric construction provided that a metricity condition is imposed on the vielbein. In this paper we are going to show that by enlarging the gauge group we are able to unify Chern-Simons gauge theory and Chern-Simons gravity in 3-D space-time. Such a unification leads to the quantization of the coefficients for both Chern-Simons terms for compact groups but not for non-compact groups. Moreover, it leads to a topological invariant quantity of the 3-dimensional space-time manifold on which they are defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dirac Fermions with different helicities exist on the top and bottom surfaces of topological insulators, offering a rare opportunity to break the degeneracy protected by the no-go theorem. Through the application of Co clusters, quantum Hall plateaus were modulated for the topological insulator BiSbTeSe2, allowing an optimized surface transport. Here, using renor-malization group flow diagrams, we show the extraction of two sets of converging points in the conductivity tensor space, revealing that the top surface exhibits an anomalous quantization trajectory, while the bottom surface retains the 1/2 quantization. Co clusters are believed to induce a sizeable Zeeman gap ( > 4.8 meV) through antiferromagnetic exchange coupling, which delays the Landau level hybridization on the top surface for a moderate magnetic field. A quasi-half-integer plateau also appears at -7.2 Tesla. This allows us to study the interesting physics of parity anomaly, and paves the way for further studies simulating exotic particles in condensed matter physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the canonical approach to quantization of gravity, one often uses relational clock variables and an interpretation in terms of conditional probabilities to overcome the problem of time. In this essay, we show that these suffer from serious conceptual issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major issue that has challenged physics is the goal of bringing gravity into a complete unification of the interactions and the quantization of gravity. We build upon the appreciation that electromagnetic waves are also gravitational waves because they transport local spacetime curvature. Logical steps lead us to appreciate the totality of the traditional quantized particles in nature as gravitational quanta. Thus, our present particle physics model is seen to be unified with the gravitational interaction. Whether there remains a scope for the existence of a spin-2 graviton in vacuum is brought into question by our invariant energy construct centered upon the Ricci tensor. We suggest that this construct holds the key to ultra-strong gravity's essential role in quantization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manga (Japanese comics) are popular worldwide. However, current e-manga archives offer very limited search support, i.e., keyword-based search by title or author. To make the manga search experience more intuitive, efficient, and enjoyable, we propose a manga-specific image retrieval system. The proposed system consists of efficient margin labeling, edge orientation histogram feature description with screen tone removal, and approximate nearest-neighbor search using product quantization. For querying, the system provides a sketch-based interface. Based on the interface, two interactive reranking schemes are presented: relevance feedback and query retouch. For evaluation, we built a novel dataset of manga images, Manga109, which consists of 109 comic books of 21,142 pages drawn by professional manga artists. To the best of our knowledge, Manga109 is currently the biggest dataset of manga images available for research. Experimental results showed that the proposed framework is efficient and scalable (70 ms from 21,142 pages using a single computer with 204 MB RAM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the perturbative aspects of Rozansky-Witten's 3d $${\sigma}$$ -model (Rozansky and Witten in Sel Math 3(3):401-458, 1997) using Costello's approach to the Batalin-Vilkovisky (BV) formalism (Costello in Renormalization and effective field theory, American Mathematical Society, Providence, 2011). We show that the BV quantization (in Costello's sense) of the model, which produces a perturbative quantum field theory, can be obtained via the configuration space method of regularization due to Kontsevich (First European congress of mathematics, Paris, 1992) and Axelrod-Singer (J Differ Geom 39(1):173-213, 1994). We also study the factorization algebra structure of quantum observables following Costello-Gwilliam (Factorization algebras in quantum field theory, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2017). In particular, we show that the cohomology of local quantum observables on a genus g handle body is given by $${H^*(X, (\wedge^*T_X)^{\otimes g})}$$ (where X is the target manifold), and we prove that the partition function reproduces the Rozansky-Witten invariants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]