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Few studies have investigated the dose–response relationship between exercise and weight control. This study aimed to assess the effects of different types of supervised exercise training on weight control and other metabolic outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and explore the dose–response relationship between exercise volume/duration and these outcomes. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies between January 1980 and June 2019. Randomized control trials in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with supervised exercise training versus control treatment were included. The primary outcome was changes in body weight (kg). The secondary outcomes included changes in waist circumference (cm) and total body fat percentage (%). Forty-two randomized control trials, including 3,625 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included. Overall, exercise treatment was associated with significant reduction in body weight (weighted mean differences, −1.10 kg; 95% CI [−1.58, −0.62], p <.01), waist circumference (weighted mean differences, −2.51 cm; 95% CI [−3.25, −1.77], p <.01), and total body fat (weighted mean differences, −1.16%; 95% CI [−1.58%, −0.75%], p <.01). The percentage of total body fat was reduced by all types of exercise, with a significant difference between aerobic exercise and resistance exercise (p =.02) and a significant difference between combined exercise and resistance exercise (p <.01). A higher volume of aerobic exercise and a higher volume of resistance exercise were superior in reducing body weight. In conclusion, supervised exercise training improved metabolic outcomes in general, while different types and volume of exercises have their own merits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided by the biopsychosocial model, we examined (a) the prevalence of weight control behaviors (WCBs; i.e., trying to stay the same weight, lose weight, gain weight, or do nothing about weight) among early adolescent boys by race/ethnicity and grade level, and (b) how the boys' perceptions of sociocultural pressures (from parents, peers, and media) to lose weight, gain weight, exercise, and diet predicted their WCBs while accounting for body composition and grade level. Early adolescent boys (n = 508) in middle schools completed survey measures of WCB and sociocultural pressures and objective assessment of body mass index as body composition. Multinomial logistic regressions revealed that sixth graders were more likely than seventh and eighth graders to be trying to lose weight. Moreover, greater pressure to gain weight and lower pressure to exercise predicted a greater likelihood of trying to gain weight. The significant roles of grade levels and different sociocultural pressures in predicting WCBs suggest that health professionals and school staff should consider these factors when intervening with early adolescent boys.

Pediatric obesity is a global concern with distressing comorbid conditions, including mood disturbance, cardiovascular changes, endocrine imbalance, liver disease, sleep apnea, and orthopedic conditions. The primary treatment of this condition includes physical activity. Participating in organized sports has been shown to reduce weight and the complications of pediatric obesity more effectively than individual exercise., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Lazarev et al.)

BackgroundTraditional health management requires many human and material resources and cannot meet the growing needs. Remote medical technology provides an opportunity for health management; however, the research on it is insufficient. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the effects of remote interventions on weight management. MethodsIn this randomized controlled study, 750 participants were randomly assigned to a remote dietary and physical activity intervention group (group DPI), remote physical activity intervention group (group PI), or control group (group C). At baseline (time 1), day 45 (time 2), and day 90 (time 3), data were collected, including data on dietary intake, physical activity, indexes related to weight control, and health benefits. ResultsA total of 85.6% (642/750) of participants completed the follow-up. Compared with group C, group DPI showed a significant decrease in energy intake (−581 vs −82 kcal; P

Purpose: Discuss the relationship among college students’ media internalized pressure, social physique anxiety, weight control self-efficacy, and sports participation in providing a reference for promoting college students to develop healthy and confident living habits.Methods: Take Southwest University in China as the object, select the subjects by stratified random sampling, and process the data with SPSS19.0 and AMOS21.0 statistical software.Results: (1) Media internalized pressure is positively correlated with social physique anxiety, weight control self-efficacy, and sports participation; social physique anxiety is significantly positively correlated with weight control self-efficacy and sports participation, and weight control self-efficacy is significantly positively correlated with sports participation; (2) media internalized pressure has a direct effect on sports participation (ES = 0.456), and social physique anxiety (ES = 0.136) and weight control self-efficacy (ES = 0.102) play significant mediating roles in the relationship between media internalized pressure and sports participation, respectively; the chained mediating force of social physique anxiety and weight control self-efficacy also reaches a significant level (ES = 0.027).Conclusion: Media internalized pressure can influence college students’ sports participation through the direct path as well as indirect paths such as social physique anxiety, the intermediary effect of weight control self-efficacy, and chained intermediary effect of social physique anxiety–weight control self-efficacy, and social physique anxiety is another key factor affecting college students’ sports participation except media internalized pressure.

Seed size and weight are important factors that influence soybean yield. Combining the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of 45 soybean accessions and gene dynamic changes in seeds at seven developmental stages, we identified candidate genes that may control the seed size/weight. Among these, a PLATZ-type regulator overlapping with 10 seed weight QTLs was further investigated. This zinc-finger transcriptional regulator, named as GmPLATZ, is required for the promotion of seed size and weight in soybean. The GmPLATZ may exert its functions through direct binding to the promoters and activation of the expression of cyclin genes and GmGA20OX for cell proliferation. Overexpression of the GmGA20OX enhanced seed size/weight in soybean. We further found that the GmPLATZ binds to a 32-bp sequence containing a core palindromic element AATGCGCATT. Spacing of the flanking sequences beyond the core element facilitated GmPLATZ binding. An elite haplotype Hap3 was also identified to have higher promoter activity and correlated with higher gene expression and higher seed weight. Orthologues of the GmPLATZ from rice and Arabidopsis play similar roles in seeds. Our study reveals a novel module of GmPLATZ-GmGA20OX/cyclins in regulating seed size and weight and provides valuable targets for breeding of crops with desirable agronomic traits., (© 2023 The Authors New Phytologist © 2023 New Phytologist Foundation.)

Background: Obesity weakens acquired immunity and causes infection. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the inflammatory markers in the gingival crevicular fluid and serum and periodontal bacteria in saliva through obesity control for 4 weeks.Methods: Forty-six subjects with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥23 kg/m2 stayed in the camp for 4 weeks, followed by exercise and a low salt-low fat diet. Body size measurements, oral examinations, blood, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid were collected before and after the program. C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, MMP-9, and interleukin (IL)-1β in the gingival sulcus fluid were measured. After extracting bacterial genomic DNA from saliva, the presence of periodontal bacteria were detected using Taq probe. The relationship of each index before and after the program was analyzed through paired t-test and partial correlation analysis.Results: Campylobacter rectus (Cr) increased after the program, and there was no significant change in other bacteria. Serum CRP and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Cr, ratio of Fn, and ratio of Cr had a positive relationship at baseline; however, the relationship was not significant after the program. Ratio of Prevotella intermedia had a positive relationship with MMP-9, MMP-8, IL-1β at baseline. Moreover, the ratio of Treponema denticola and the ratio of Tannerella forsythia showed a positive relationship with MMP-8, MMP-9, and IL-1β. The relationship between the ratio of Porphyromonas gingivalis and IL-1β showed a constant positive relationship at baseline and after the program.Conclusion: Obesity control program in subjects with a BMI of ≥23 kg/m2 accompanied by diet and exercise did not affect the changes in periodontal bacteria itself, but changes in the relationship between periodontal bacteria and serum CRP, the relationship between the inflammatory index in the gingival crevicular fluid and periodontal bacteria was observed.

Abstract Background Online dating has become increasingly popular over the years. Few research studies have examined the association between dating apps and disordered eating. In this study, we evaluated the association between dating app use and unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCBs) among a sample of U.S. adults. Methods Our sample includes 1769 adults who completed an online survey assessing dating app use and UWCBs in the past year. Survey assessed participants’ self-reported frequency of using dating apps within the past 30 days and engagement in six UWCBs with the purpose of lowering weight or changing their body shape within the past 12 months. UWCBs included vomiting, laxative use, fasting, diet pill use, muscle building supplement use, and use of anabolic steroids. Results Results of multivariate logistic regression models suggest dating app users had substantially elevated odds of UWCBs compared with non-users (odds ratios [OR] range = 2.7—16.2). These findings were supported by results of additional gender-stratified multivariate logistic regression analyses among women and men. Conclusions This study’s findings contribute to the limited literature exploring the association between dating app use and adverse health outcomes, particularly UWCBs. While additional longitudinal and representative research is needed, public health professionals ought to explore dating app use as a potential risk factor for UWCBs.

ObjectivesWeight perceptions have been implicated in weight control related behaviors among children and adolescents, yet studies in mainland China are scarce. We examined the associations of self-perceived weight status and weight misperception with weight control related behaviors in Chinese middle and high school students.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data from the 2017 Zhejiang Youth Risk Behavior Survey which that included 17,359 Chinese students, with 8,616 boys and 8,743 girls. Perceived weight status, as well as height, weight and weight control related behaviors information was collected via a self-reported questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated by multinomial logistic regression were used to assess the relationships between weight perceptions and weight control related behaviors.ResultsAmong the 17,359 students aged 9 to 18 years, the mean (SD) age was 15.72 (1.64) years. Overall, 34.19% of children and adolescents perceived themselves as overweight and the prevalence of weight misperception was 45.44%, with 35.54% overestimation and 9.90% underestimation. Children and adolescents perceiving themselves as overweight were more likely to have weight control behaviors, with OR was 2.60 (95% CI: 2.39-2.83) for weight control attempt, 2.48 (2.28-2.70) for exercising, 2.85 (2.60-3.11) for dieting, 2.01 (1.51-2.68) for taking laxatives, 2.09 (1.67-2.02) for taking diet pills, and 2.39 (1.94-2.94) for fasting, respectively, compared to those with right weight status. Among children and adolescents with overestimating weight status, the OR was 2.40 (2.22-2.59), 2.50 (2.31-2.70), 2.85 (2.61-3.11), 1.81 (1.39-2.37), 2.20 (1.77-2.74), and 2.16 (1.77-2.63) for weight control attempt, exercising, dieting, taking laxatives, taking diet pills, and fasting, relative to those with accurate weight perception.ConclusionsSelf-perceived overweight and weight misperception are prevalent in Chinese children and adolescents, and positively associated with weight control related behaviors.

Background : Maintenance of proper weight can help protect against chronic diseases. This study investigated the weight control practices of Korean adults and associated factors. Methods : Secondary data from a nationwide cross-sectional survey of the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016 to 2018 were analyzed. Subjects were aged 21 to 80 years (n=14,661). The influences of socio-demographic characteristics, health status, health behaviors, and perception of body image on weight control efforts were identified. Results : Women (odds ratio [OR], 1.191; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.723-2.210), city dwellers (OR, 1.229; 95% CI, 1.097-1.377), those who had a middle school or higher level of education (OR, from 1.281 to 1.525), individuals who perceived themselves to be healthy or in fairly health (OR, from 1.103 to 1.257), those with high blood pressure (OR, 1.244; 95% CI, 1.104-1.401), normal or obese body mass index (BMI; OR from 2.579 to 4.430), non-smokers (OR, 1.373; 95% CI, 1.192-1.582), and those who drank alcohol (OR, 1.174; 95% CI, 1.057-1.305) made more weight loss efforts than other individuals. Regardless of actual BMI, if someone perceived themselves to be obese or normal weight (OR, from 4.324 to 10.884), they made more effort to reduce their weight than those individuals who perceived themselves to be underweight. Conclusion : Weight control is a positive behavior for people with high BMI. However, those individuals with a normal weight who believe they are obese may require further education. It is also necessary to monitor and address the lack of weight control efforts in rural residents and that there is a need for weight control counseling and support for people with high blood pressure and diabetes. Various related causes should be considered and community-wide efforts be made to support people who need weight control.

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to revise the Opinion on the essential composition of total diet replacements for weight control (TDRs) regarding the minimum content of linoleic acid (LA) and alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) and the maximum content of magnesium (Mg). Through a comprehensive literature search, human studies were retrieved reporting on LA and ALA concentrations in adipose tissue (AT), on weight loss and gallstone formation following TDR consumption and on diarrhoea after supplemental Mg intake. The distribution of the amount of LA and ALA release from AT during weight loss when consuming TDRs was estimated using statistical simulations. Using the fifth percentile, the coverage of the adequate intake (AI) for both FA was estimated. For the risk of developing diarrhoea when consuming TDRs with an Mg content of 350 mg/day, four cross‐over studies using 360–368 mg Mg/day were reviewed. The Panel concludes that (1) there is no need to add LA to TDRs, as the amount released from AT during weight loss when consuming TDRs is sufficient to cover the AI for LA; (2) a minimum of 0.8 g/day ALA is needed in TDRs in order to meet the AI for ALA; (3) the minimum fat content of TDRs of 20 g/day as derived in the Panel's previous opinion is proposed to be maintained until the availability of further evidence, given the considerable uncertainty as to the amount of fat required for reducing the risk of gallstone formation; and (4) the likelihood that Mg‐induced diarrhoea occurs at a severity that may be considered of concern for overweight and obese individuals consuming TDRs is low when the total maximum Mg content in TDRs is 350 mg/day.

Objective: Weight-control compensatory behaviors appear to be a commonly utilized strategy for health management. Individuals engaging in such behaviors believe that the negative consequences from unhealthy behaviors will be neutralized by the positive consequences of healthy behaviors. Existing research has not reached a consensus on whether such behaviors are beneficial to health. This review aims to (1) summarize the patterns of weight-control compensatory health behaviors in different populations, (2) highlight correlates, predictors, and consequences of compensatory health behaviors, and (3) identify gaps for future research. Method: This review identified existing literature using online databases, CINAHL and PubMed. Primary research articles published after 2000 with non-clinical participants of 12 years or older who engaged in compensatory behaviors for weight control purposes were selected. Descriptive statistics were extracted from 35 studies. Results: Different patterns for weight-control compensatory behaviors emerged between the female and male sexes. Meanwhile, no clear association of such behaviors was found across weight status. Studies reviewed also highlighted three main areas of compensatory behaviors for weight management, namely dietary behaviors, physical activity, and alcohol consumption. Weight-control compensatory behaviors had significant negative correlations with mental health indicators, such as psychosocial functioning, emotional differentiation ability, and body esteem. Conclusion: Weight-control compensatory behaviors may be a widely used weight management strategy and can be presented in diverse ways. Although believed to be promoting health, such behaviors appear to be associated with poor psychological well-being. This emerging topic warrants more in-depth investigation to establish the direction of causation. Future research may investigate the relationship between weight-control compensatory behaviors and various aspects of health over longer time periods, examine the engagement of multiple weight-control compensatory behaviors, and focus on high-risk populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although nursing students are educated on the importance of exercising regularly and maintaining a well-balanced diet, many do not practice healthy weight management behaviors, and some even use unhealthy weight loss methods. Yet, little research has examined both positive and negative psychosocial variables related to weight control among nursing students. The present study aimed to identify the most salient psychosocial variables related to healthy and unhealthy weight control among nursing students. Using survey data from 241 nursing students, structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the relative contributions of eight interrelated psychosocial variables, including constructs from a strengths perspective (health-specific hope, health self-efficacy, social support, and body satisfaction) and from a deficit perspective (depression, anxiety, weight perception, and barriers to physical activity). Results showed that the degree to which individuals perceive themselves to be overweight was related to both healthy and unhealthy weight control. Aside from weight perception, health self-efficacy produced the strongest association with healthy weight control, and anxiety produced the strongest association with unhealthy weight control. The structural model explained 23 % of the variance in healthy weight control and 29 % of the variance in unhealthy weight control. These findings emphasize the need for tailored, integrated weight management interventions for nursing students that equip them with effective anxiety management skills and build self-efficacy. • Nursing students often struggle to practice healthy weight management strategies. • Various psychosocial factors play a role in weight control among nursing students. • Aside from weight perception, anxiety and self-efficacy may be the most important. • Nursing students would benefit from weight interventions targeting these factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mentoring to pregnant women is a form of community participation carried out with the aim of improving the degree of maternal and fetal health during pregnancy. One of the efforts made to reduce maternal mortality is to maximize antenatal care (ANC) services by involving companions to motivate pregnant women to check their pregnancies at health facilities regularly in each trimester. Midwives assess weight gain in mothers during pregnancy, insufficient weight gain during pregnancy can result in chronic energy deficiency (KEK) and potential complications in childbirth such as bleeding and low birth weight babies (BBLR), while excess weight gain can cause obesity which has an impact on pregnancy with preeclampsia and macrosomia in the fetus. To check the pregnancy so that the assessment and monitoring of the health condition of the mother and fetus is more optimal. This can increase morbidity and mortality for mothers and babies who will be born later. This study is a Quasy Experimental study, with a total sample of 28 pregnant women, which was divided into two groups, namely the intervention group and the control group, which was illustrated in the form of a table using the Wilcoxon test to see the influence before and after the intervention was given, then obtained a p-value of 0.025

Summary: Objective: To examine changes in leukocyte telomere length (LTL) during and after a behavioural weight control program for children with obesity. Methods: We measured LTL among a cohort of 158 children 8–12 years of age with a body mass index greater than or equal to the 95th percentile for age and sex. Children were 55% female, 29% white, 52% Latinx, 8% Asian and 11% Pacific Islander, other or multiethnic. All children participated in a 6‐month, family‐based, group behavioural weight control program and were assessed before treatment, after treatment and 1 year after the end of treatment. To test the sample population slope of LTL over the intervention and maintenance time periods, we fit spline mixed‐effect regression models. Results: LTL increased an average of 0.09 T/S units per year (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04 to 0.13; p = 0.0001) during the weight control program intervention period, followed by an average decline of −0.05 T/S units per year (95% CI −0.08 to −0.03; p < 0.0001) during the 1 year of follow‐up after the completion of the intervention. Among 26 social, psychological, behavioural and physiological factors we examined, we did not find any predictors of these changes. Conclusions: LTL increased in response to a behavioural weight control program among children with obesity, suggesting an impact on biological health and cellular aging from participation in a behavioural weight control intervention. LTL may be a useful biomarker for assessing changes in response to behavioural interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aims/Introduction This study aimed to reveal lifestyle changes and their impact on glycemic control and weight control in patients with diabetes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in Japan. Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed 1,402 outpatients with diabetes at a clinic in Osaka, Japan, who responded to an interview sheet regarding lifestyle changes during the COVID‐19 pandemic between 28 March and 30 May 2020. The association of lifestyle changes with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and weight changes from February to May 2020 was investigated using the linear regression model. We also investigated the association with clinically important change of HbA1c (by ≥0.3%) and bodyweight (by ≥3%), using the cumulative link model. Results Leisure time and other outside physical activities were decreased in one‐quarter of patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic, whereas the amount of meals and snacks was decreased and increased in approximately 10%, respectively. The change in leisure time physical activities was inversely associated with HbA1c and weight changes, whereas the quantitative change of meals with the decline in eating out and that of snacks were positively associated with HbA1c and weight changes (all P

Abstract Background Although moderate weight loss improves outcomes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in young and middle-aged adults, there is a lack of high-quality evidence to support the strong relationship between obesity and T2DM in older people. This study aims to investigate whether the association of obesity with T2DM changes with aging. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 63,180 Chinses and US subjects from 3 datasets. Subjects were divided into young & middle-aged (≤59 years), young-old (60–75 years), and old-old (≥75 years). Logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between obesity and T2DM, stratified by common confounders. A sliding-window based algorithm and restricted cubic splines were used to smoothly estimate the changes with aging. Results The OR (95% CI) for the associations between general obesity and T2DM were decreased from the young & middle-aged group (OR, 5.91; 95% CI, 5.33–6.56) to the young-old group (OR, 3.98; 95% CI, 3.56–4.45) and then to the old-old group (OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 2.57–3.66). The trend for this reduced association with aging persisted after stratification by obesity type, region, gender, recruiting time, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in both Chinese and Americans. We also identified a weakened gender disparity for this association between the young & middle-aged subjects (P for disparity

Objective: The study aimed to assess overweight and obese pregnant women's beliefs related to weight control behaviors. Material: A descriptive study design was conducted from July 2nd 2022 to November 7th 2022. A random sample of (532) pregnant women was chosen. The study was conducted at randomly selected Primary Health Care Centers on right & left side of Mosul city. Results: The study finding showed the mean age of the participants was 27.2 ± 2.75 years, (84.02%) of them live in the city, (68.80%) are housewives, results also indicated that the mean score of participants’ beliefs related to weight control behaviors was low (25.5) for all subscales of health beliefs. Conclusions: The study showed that most of the overweight and obese pregnant women's beliefs related to weight control in general were low for all subscales of the Health Belief Model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Smokers have expressed concern about weight gain once they stop smoking and weight gain is a risk factor associated with smoking relapse. Nicotine in e-cigarettes, as well as vaping behaviour, may support smoking cessation by reducing weight gain. This study explored the factors that influence attitudes towards, and awareness of, e-cigarettes and weight control post smoking cessation. Methods: Qualitative study involving focus groups with adults in the UK (n = 58) who were either exclusive vapers or dual users. Results: There was limited awareness and/or inclination to vape to prevent weight gain after stopping smoking. Reasons for this centred on: the health gains of stopping smoking outweighing any potential weight gain; a lack of understanding of the appetite supressing effects of nicotine; a belief that vaping could not suppress appetite like a cigarette and could result in craving for certain flavours; concerns about the longer-term effects of e-cigarettes on health and the ethics of promoting vaping as way to support smoking cessation by limiting weight gain, especially for young women. Conclusion: Participants in this study do not appear inclined to use e-cigarettes to prevent weight gain after smoking cessation. There is a lack of understanding about why nicotine might help prevent weight gain and a concern that e-cigarette flavours could provoke cravings and that vaping may be unsafe in the long-term.

Introduction: Obesity is recognized as a chronic low-grade inflammation associated with intestinal flora imbalance, leading to dyslipidemia and inflammation. Modern research has found that polyphenols have anti-obesity effects. However, the mechanism of action of raspberry leaf extract (RLE) with high polyphenols in regulating obesity is still unknown. This study investigated the improvement effect of supplementing RLE on high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity in mice., Methods: RLE was used to intervene in HFD induced C57BL/6J male mice during prevention stage (1-16 weeks) and treatment stage (17-20 weeks). Their weight changes and obesity-related biochemical indicators were measured. The changes in intestinal flora were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing, and finally the targets and pathways of the 7 typical polyphenols (quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, ellagic acid, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, chlorogenic acid, brevifolin carboxylic acid, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, and quercetin) of RLE in the regulation of obesity were predicted by network pharmacology approach., Results and Discussion: The results showed that RLE effectively prevented and treated weight gain in obese mice induced by HFD, alleviated adipocyte hypertrophy, reduced Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha levels, and improved intestinal flora, especially Muriaculaceae , Alistipes and Alloprevotella , and decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio. Network pharmacology analysis selected 60 common targets for 7 RLE polyphenols and obesity. Combined with protein-protein interaction network, enrichment analysis and experimental results, TNF, IL-6, AKT1, and PPAR were predicted as potential key targets for RLE polyphenols., Conclusion: The potential mechanism by which polyphenol-rich RLE regulates obesity may be attributed to the specific polyphenols of RLE and their synergistic effects, therefore RLE has a great anti-obesity potential and may be used as a means to alleviate obesity and related diseases., Competing Interests: RL was employed by Dezhou Yongshengzhai Braised Chicken Group Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wang, Yang, Huang, Wang, Liu, Liu and Li.)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are approved treatments for Type 2 diabetes mellitus, with liraglutide and semaglutide also approved for the treatment of obesity. The natural gut hormone oxyntomodulin is a weak dual agonist of the glucagon receptor (GCGR) and GLP-1R. Development of poly-agonists mimicking oxyntomodulin, such as the novel dual GCGR/GLP-1R agonist survodutide, represents an important step towards a more effective treatment for people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Survodutide is a 29-amino acid peptide derived from glucagon, with the incorporation of potent GLP-1 activities. It contains a C18 diacid which mediates binding to albumin, thereby prolonging the half-life to enable once-weekly subcutaneous dosing. The utilisation of GCGR agonism aims to enhance body weight-lowering effects by increasing energy expenditure in addition to the anorectic action of GLP-1R agonists. Glucose-lowering efficacy of survodutide has been demonstrated in a Phase II trial in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity and was associated with clinically meaningful body weight loss. These data highlight the potential of dual GCGR/GLP-1R agonism for reducing glycated haemoglobin and body weight in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and for greater therapeutic efficacy compared with GLP-1R agonism alone., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors meet criteria for authorship as recommended by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and did not receive payment related to the development of this manuscript. Boehringer Ingelheim was given the opportunity to review the manuscript for medical and scientific accuracy, as well as intellectual property considerations. Thomas Klein, Robert Augustin and Anita M. Hennige are employees of Boehringer Ingelheim., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: In this study, we aimed to assess the cognitive determinants of weight control behaviors by dietary patterns among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study, based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) was conducted from July to December 2017 among 240 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in Tabriz, Iran. A validated and reliable TPB-based instrument, namely Weight-CuRB, and the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were used. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) indicated three dietary patterns (total variance explained=24.44%); healthy (n=71), mixed (n=78), and western (n=91). In addition, food items consumed by participants were classified into twenty-two food groups for dietary pattern analysis. In the healthy and western dietary patterns, attitude (β: 0.140, P

Background: People with physical disabilities (PWD) have an increased risk of obesity and related comorbidities compared with people without physical disabilities (PWoD). Previously identified contributors to weight loss maintenance pose challenges to PWD. However, it is not known if PWD experience less success in weight management., Methods: Six hundred and nine participants in the International Weight Control Registry (IWCR) were eligible for this analysis (PWD, n  = 174; PWoD, n  = 435). Self-reported weight history metrics were compared using general linear models. Perceived weight history category was compared using Chi-squared tests. Importance of diet and physical activity strategies for weight management were compared using Wilcoxon rank-signed tests., Results: PWD reported higher current body mass index (BMI) (36.1 ± 0.7 vs. 31.0 ± 0.5; p  < 0.0001) and more weight loss attempts (9.1 ± 0.7 vs. 7.1 ± 0.4; p  = 0.01) than PWoD. Current weight loss percentage (PWD 13.0 ± 1.0; PWoD, 13.0 ± 0.6; p  = 0.97) and weight loss category ( χ 2 [3, N  = 0.41) did not differ between the groups. There were no differences in any weight strategy between PWD who were successful and those who regained.p  = 0.41) did not differ between the groups. There were no differences in any weight strategy between PWD who were successful and those who regained., Conclusions: PWD and PWoD in the IWCR achieved similar levels of weight maintenance success. However, higher BMI and more weight loss attempts suggest that PWD may face challenges with weight management. More research is needed to identify strategies leading to success for PWD., Competing Interests: Dr. Roberts founded the iDiet, a web‐based behavioral weight loss program (www.theidiet.com), and is a Board member of Danone. Dr. Hill has ownership interests in Shakabuku LLC. He has received research grants from the National Cattleman's Beef Association and owns a patent for the Energy Gap. He has received consulting fees from Gelesis and has stock options in the company. The remaining authors have no relevant conflicts of interest to disclose., (© 2023 The Authors. Obesity Science & Practice published by World Obesity and The Obesity Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)