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Cinnamaldehyde (CA) showed potent activity against melanoma in our previous study, and the structure of unsaturated aldehydes is envisaged to play a role. Nevertheless, its limited drug availability restricts its clinical application. Therefore, a series of CA analogues were synthesized to evaluate their anti-melanoma activities across various melanoma cell lines. These compounds were also tested for their toxicity against the different normal cell lines. The compound with the most potential, CAD-14, exhibited potent activity against the A375, A875 and SK-MEL-1 cells, with IC50 values of 0.58, 0.65, and 0.82 µM, respectively. A preliminary molecular mechanism study of CAD-14 indicated that it could inhibit the p38 pathway to induce apoptosis, and suppress tumor growth by inhibiting the expression of ENO1. Furthermore, an acute toxicity study depicted that CAD-14 has better safety and tolerability than CA in vivo. These findings indicate that CAD-14 might be a lead compound for exploring effective anti-melanoma drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: How parasitoids distinguish hosts from non‐hosts remains an unknown question. Chouioia cunea Yang (Eulophidae) is an important fall webworm parasitoid that attacks many forest and agricultural pests. To study the differences in the chemical clues used by C. cunea to distinguish host and non‐host plants, we used gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to identify volatile compounds of two C. cunea hosts (Hyphantria cunea and Helicoverpa armigera) and two non‐hosts (Spodoptera exigua and Spodoptera frugiperda). Additionally, we used behavioral assays to compare the attraction of C. cunea to various compounds. RESULTS: The two natural host species were more attractive than the two non‐host species, in the following order: Hyphantria cunea > Helicoverpa armigera > S. exigua = S. frugiperda. The pupae of the natural hosts contained 1‐dodecene, which was not produced by the two natural non‐hosts. When the 'attractants' based on the difference between the species‐specific blend emitted by pupae and the optimal blend were sprayed onto the natural non‐host pupae, they significantly improved the attraction of C. cunea to the non‐host pupae. CONCLUSION: These results revealed that specific host‐produced volatile compounds guide C. cunea to distinguish between natural hosts and non‐hosts. Overall, this study provides a foundation for developing a behavior‐modifying strategy to re‐direct C. cunea attacks to control important non‐host pests. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of energy storage technology, the operation of portable and wearable devices is inseparable from high energy density power supplies. However, the demand for high performance supercapacitors in movable smart electronics is still restrained by their insufficient areal capacitance and limited power/energy densities. In addition, some electroactive materials, including metal oxides, conductive polymers, graphene, porous carbons, etc., are inevitable to use extra adhesives for the preparation of electrode materials. In this work, integrated hierarchical graphitic porous carbon membranes used as the electrodes without adhesives are successfully synthesized, via pyrolyzing poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs)‐metal organic frameworks (MOFs) composite membranes. The asymmetric supercapacitor is assembled by the carbonized PIL‐MOF composite membrane and PILs‐derived porous carbon membrane, and exhibits significant areal capacitance with remarkable power and energy densities. In the two‐electrode system, the areal capacitance can reach 9.5 F cm−2 with an energy density of 1.91 mWh cm−2. In the fabricated all‐solid‐state supercapacitors, the areal capacitance and energy density achieved 3.2 F cm−2 and 0.65 mWh cm−2, respectively, exceeding most reported ones. Therefore, the integrated carbon membrane electrodes with high areal capacitance reveal great potential in miniaturized devices, and further show a wider application scope through regulating PILs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hen eggs are one of the most popular foods worldwide, and their safety is critical. Employing 16S rRNA full-length sequencing is an effective way to identify microorganisms on or in eggs. Here, hen eggs collected from poultry farms over four seasons, as well as from markets in Shanghai, were analyzed with third-generation sequencing. Firmicutes (44.46%) and Proteobacteria (35.78%) were the two dominant phyla, and Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Aerococcus, Psychrobacter, and Lactobacillus were the dominant genera. The dominant genera on the eggshell surfaces from the farms varied with the seasons, and the highest contamination of Staphylococcus (32.93%) was seen in the eggs collected during the summer. For the market samples, Pseudomonas was the most abundant in content, with Staphylococcus being the most-often genera found on the eggshell surfaces. Moreover, several potential pathogenic bacteria including Riemerella anatipestifer (species), Klebsiella (genus), and Escherichia/shigella (genus) were detected in the samples. The results revealed the impacts of weather on the microbiota deposited on an eggshell's surface, as well as the impacts due to the differences between the contents and the surface. The results can help disinfect eggs and guide antibiotic selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study aims to explore the relationship and potential mechanisms between screen time and anxiety and have a clear understanding of the role of negative emotions and emotion regulation, thus providing guidance for Chinese college students to improve mental health.Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey by selecting 1721 academic college students from 6 colleges and universities in 5 provinces in China, and the data were analyzed through the Process program of SPSS for mediating effect and moderating effect.Results: There is a significant positive relationship between screen time and anxiety, negative emotions play a mediating role between the two (indirect effect = 0.32, p < 0.001), mediating effect accounts for 59.88% of the total effect, and emotion regulation regulates the direct relationship between screen time and anxiety (interaction effect = 0.027, p < 0.001).Conclusion: This study sheds light on the potential mechanisms by which screen time affects anxiety in academic college students, providing a fresh perspective on anxiety reduction. Screen time positively affects anxiety levels, where negative emotions have a mediating role and emotion regulation has a moderating role. In the future, we can control screen ++time, increase physical activities, reduce negative emotions, and improve the emotional regulation ability to relieve anxiety, so as to improve the mental health of academic college students, and expect to have a positive impact on future learning, life, and planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an important breast cancer marker that is abnormally expressed in 20–30% of breast cancer patients. Here, we report an electrochemical biosensor using carboxy-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) on a highly conductive poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) platform for efficient detection of HER2. In this work, PEDOT:PSS and AuNPs were first modified onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to increase the signal transmission efficiency of the biosensor. Then, an aptamer-HER2-antibody (Apt-HER2-Ab*) sandwich structure was constructed to capture and immobilize the target HER2. Of note, the Ab* is a composite composed of Ab, poly ferrocene methyl methacrylate (PFMMA), and carboxyl-functionalized MWCNTs (Ab-MWCNTs-PFMMA). The BMP was attached to the electrode by forming an ester bond with the hydroxyl group on the carboxyl-functionalized MWCNTs, and triggering ARGET ATRP to attach FMMA to the MWCNTs. In addition, Ab was attached to the electrode by ester bonds with the MWCNTs. In the presence of highly conductive materials and a polymer, the biosensor showed high sensitivity and a good linear relationship between the current signal and HER2 concentration in the range of 10−2 to 103 ng mL−1, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 1.979 fg mL−1. The regression equation was I (μA) = 8.23905 lg[CHER2/ng mL−1] + 25.3585 (R2 = 0.995). Moreover, the biosensor still shows good detection performance in the complex environment of normal serum, which is promising for clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the safety and efficacy of deep neuromuscular block (NMB) for endolaryngeal surgery. Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ovid Medline, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP databases, and trial registry database. Methods: Inclusion criteria followed the PICOS principles: Participants, adults undergoing endolaryngeal surgery; Intervention, deep NMB performed during the surgery; Control, no‐deep NMB performed; Outcomes, primary outcome: the incidence of clinically acceptable surgical conditions. Secondary outcome: the incidence of intraoperative complications (including vocal fold movement and coughing) and total incidence of postoperative complications [including postoperative residual curarization (PORC), postoperative sore throat (POST), and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)]. Study design, randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Duplicate publications, editorials, letters, abstracts, and reviews were excluded. Results: Four articles with 242 patients were identified for analysis. The results indicated that compared with no‐deep NMB, deep NMB provides a higher incidence of clinically acceptable surgical conditions (98.36% vs. 76.67%; relative ratio [RR] = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.07–1.56), a lower incidence of intraoperative complications (10.83% versus 37.16%; RR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.21–0.49) (lower incidence of vocal fold movement [1.85% vs. 34%; RR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02–0.41] and coughing [15.53% vs. 38.78%; RR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.27–0.66]). There were no differences in the overall incidence of postoperative complications (RR = 2.10, 95% CI: 0.12–36.40). Conclusions: Based on current published evidence, deep NMB provides better surgical conditions with a higher incidence of clinically acceptable surgical conditions and a lower incidence of intraoperative complications (lower incidence of vocal fold movement and coughing) without increasing the overall incidence of postoperative complications. Level of Evidence: 1 Laryngoscope, 133:2055–2065, 2023 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous electrolytes typically suffer from poor electrochemical stability; however, eutectic aqueous solutions—25 wt.% LiCl and 62 wt.% H3PO4—cooled to −78 °C exhibit a significantly widened stability window. Integrated experimental and simulation results reveal that, upon cooling, Li+ ions become less hydrated and pair up with Cl−, ice‐like water clusters form, and H⋅⋅⋅Cl− bonding strengthens. Surprisingly, this low‐temperature solvation structure does not strengthen water molecules' O−H bond, bucking the conventional wisdom that increasing water's stability requires stiffening the O−H covalent bond. We propose a more general mechanism for water's low temperature inertness in the electrolyte: less favorable solvation of OH− and H+, the byproducts of hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. To showcase this stability, we demonstrate an aqueous Li‐ion battery using LiMn2O4 cathode and CuSe anode with a high energy density of 109 Wh/kg. These results highlight the potential of aqueous batteries for polar and extraterrestrial missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel multi‐color emitting Na2YMg2V3O12:Sm3+ phosphor was synthesized using a solid‐state reaction, and its crystal structure, luminescence properties, and thermal stability were studied. Charge transfer within the (VO4)3− groups in the Na2YMg2V3O12 host led to a broad emission band between 400 and 700 nm, with a maximum at 530 nm. The Na2Y1−xMg2V3O12:xSm3+ phosphors exhibited a multi‐color emission band under 365 nm near‐ultraviolet (near‐UV) light, consisting of the green emission of the (VO4)3− groups and sharp emission peaks at 570 nm (yellow), 618 nm (orange), 657 nm (red), and 714 nm (deep red) of Sm3+ ions. The optimal doping concentration of Sm3+ ions was found to be 0.05 mol%, and the dipole–dipole (d–d) interaction was primarily responsible for the concentration quenching phenomenon. Using the acquired Na2YMg2V3O12:Sm3+ phosphors, commercial BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ blue phosphor, and a near‐UV light‐emitting diode (LED) chip, a white‐LED lamp was designed and packaged. It produced bright neutral white light, manifesting a CIE coordinate of (0.314, 0.373), a color rendering index (CRI) of 84.9, and a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 6377 K. These findings indicate the potential of Na2YMg2V3O12:Sm3+ phosphor to be used as a multi‐color component for solid‐state illumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classical local anesthetics are unsuitable to treat regional pain lasting several days due to their limited duration and systemic toxicity. Self-delivery nano systems without excipients were designed for long-term sensory blocks. 1a self-assembled into different vehicles with different fractions of intermolecular π–π stacking, transported itself into nerve cells, and released single molecules slowly to achieve long-term duration for rats' sciatic nerve block for 11.6 h in water, 12.1 h in water with CO2 and 3.4 h in NS (normal saline). After the counter ions were changed to SO42−, 1e can self-assemble into vesicles and prolong the duration to 43.2 h, which was much longer than the 3.8 h led by (s)-bupivacaine hydrocloride (0.75%). This was mainly caused by the enhancement of self-release and counter ion exchange inside nerve cells, which were affected by the gemini surfactant structure, pKa of the counter ions and π–π stacking interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, freak waves, characterized by their unusual high amplitude, sharp crest, and concentrated energy, have attracted researchers' attention due to their potential threat to marine structures. Green-water loads caused by freak waves can be significant and may lead to local damage to the ship structures. Therefore, this paper focuses on the study of green-water loads and examines the structural responses of ship bow structures under the influence of the green-water loads caused by freak waves. Firstly, a three-dimensional numerical wave tank is established in which the superposition model is used to generate freak waves. Validations on the freak-wave generation, ship motion response and the wave loading are carried out to verify the present solvers. The simulation on the interaction between the freak wave and the ship are conducted to obtain the interaction process and green-water loads. Secondly, a finite element (FEM) model of the ship bow is built, on which the green-water loads are applied to calculate the structural responses. Finally, the displacement and stress of the deck and breakwater structures are analyzed. It is found that green water events caused by freak waves can generate enormous impact forces on the bow deck and breakwater, resulting in severe structural responses and even possible damage to the structures. The local strength of structures under freak waves needs to be considered in practical engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface passivation by organic dyes has been an effective strategy for simultaneous enhancement of the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. However, lack of in-depth understanding of how subtle structural changes in dyes leads to distinctly different passivation effects is a challenge for screening effective passivation molecules (PMs). In an experiment done by Han et al. (Adv. Energy Mater., 2019, 9, 1803766), three donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) dyes (SP1, SP2, and SP3) with distinct electron donors have been applied to passivate the perovskite surface, where the efficiency and stability of PSCs are quite different. Herein, we carried out first-principles calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations on the structures and electronic properties of SP1, SP2, SP3, and their passivated perovskite surfaces. Our results showed that SP3 enhances the carrier transfer rate, electric field, and absorption region compared to SP1 and SP2. Moreover, AIMD simulations reveal that the cooperative multiple interactions of O–Pb, S–Pb, and H–I between SP3 and the perovskite surface result in a stronger passivation effect in a humid environment than that of SP1 and SP2. This work is expected to pave the way for screening dye passivation molecules to endow perovskite solar cells with high efficiency and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811), a high nickel-positive electrode material, has higher discharge capacity, lower cost, and less environmental pollution than other systems, so it has attracted many people's attention. However, its poor thermal stability, cycle rate performance, and safety problems limit its practical application. In this paper, the NCM811 cathode material with Al3+ and PO43− co-doping (NCM-PA) was prepared by co-precipitation method and high-temperature solid-state method to improve its properties. The results show that the co-doping can effectively inhibit the mixing of lithium and nickel, maintain the good lamellar structure of the cathode material, and improve the electrochemical performance of the cathode material. The capacity retention rate of NCM-PA is 14.1% higher than that of the raw material after 100 cycles at 1 C. In addition, due to the small degree of electrode polarization of the co-doping material, NCM-PA still has a discharge-specific capacity of 155.8 mAh/g when the current density is 5 C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) has adverse effects on pregnant women, fetuses, and newborns [1], and accounts for 3%-10% of pregnancy-related diseases globally.Objective: This study aimed to screen a series of prenatal markers (pregnancy-associated plasma protein [PAPP-A], β-human chorionic gonadotropin [β-hCG], alpha fetoprotein [AFP], and estriol [uE3]) to establish a risk model and evaluate the diagnostic values of the markers for predicting PE.Methods: Sixty-five pregnant women were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups containing healthy pregnant women (n= 51, the non-PE group) and pregnant women with PE (n= 14, the PE group). According to the stage of pregnancy, the pregnant women in each group were divided into early, middle, and late pregnancy groups for statistical analysis. The levels of PAPPA-A β-hCG, AFP, and uE3 were compared among these groups. Then, a risk model was established, and PE was diagnosed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve results.Results: In the early pregnancy group, the differences in the levels of PAPP-A, AFP, and uE3 between the PE and non-PE groups were statistically significant (P< 0.001, P= 0.029, and P= 0.033, respectively), while the difference in the single remaining marker was not statistically significant. A ROC curve analysis revealed that in early pregnancy, the sensitivity and specificity of PAPP-A were 76.5% and 71.4%, respectively, and the sensitivity and specificity of β-hCG were 82.4% and 57.1%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the combination of the two markers for diagnosing PE were 86.3% and 57.1%, respectively.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the combination of PAPP-A and β-hCG has diagnostic value for PE in pregnant women. Accordingly, we should formulate innovative PE screening strategies to target the prevention of PE and create important conditions for predictive and preventive personalized medical treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) generated between a solder and a substrate is crucial for the reliability of solder joints. Therefore, it is necessary to control the growth of IMCs at the interface. Herein, we propose a strategy with the nickel nanoparticle/carbon (Ni&C) films as an interlayer to improve the stability of the solder joint. After adding the interface with the Ni&C film and reflowing for 450 s, the growth of IMCs decreased by 41.05%. After reflowing for 450 and 2100 s, the grain size in the 300 s-Ni&C/Cu substrate decreased by 14.34 and 20.50%, respectively, compared with the pure Cu substrate. Furthermore, the Ni&C film changes the microstructure of the interface and the diffusion pattern of elements, thus reducing the number of Kirkendall voids. As the reflow time increases, the scalloped IMCs are transformed to be prismatic, which can be well explained by the Gibbs–Thomson effect. The synergistic effect between Ni and carbon in Ni&C can jointly control the interface reaction and the growth of IMCs, with the Ni&C film acting as an inert barrier to inhibit the growth of IMCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Magnetic field is an appropriate physical field, it can be used as a process parameter for the preservation of meat products. In this study, fresh beef was subjected to an alternating magnetic field of 2 mT during cold storage at 4°C, then microbial indicators, physicochemical properties of beef samples and its protein indicators were investigated. The results showed that the alternating magnetic field could inhibit the microbial growth on beef sample, and TVB‐N content, drip loss and characteristic putrefactive amine were lower than the control. The total bacterial count and TVB‐N value of beef samples in the control exceeded the threshold value on the 8th day, respectively, while the samples in the alternating magnetic field exceeded the threshold value on the 13th day. Meanwhile, it demonstrated that the field could delay the transformation of free amino acids to biogenic amines and inhibit the accumulation of bitter amino acids, so maintaining its nutritional characteristics. With the extension of storage period, the sulfhydryl content of beef myofibrillar proteins subjected to alternating magnetic field was lower than that of the control. It demonstrated that the protein oxidation of samples was inhibited, which would also be the reason the Ca2+‐ ATPase activity of myofibrillar proteins was maintained at a low level during the period. Furthermore, the upward trend of carbonyl group content was delayed. It provides a reference for the application of alternating magnetic field on cold storage of meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Respiratory disease can be early warned by many respiratory parameters such as intensity, rhythm, temperature, and breath molecules like acetone. It requires a complex process to measure these respiratory parameters simultaneously in clinical practice. Therefore, it is a hot topic to design portable devices especially wearable electronics to monitor respiratory conditions continually in daily life. Here, a flexible self‐powered multi‐parameter respiration sensor based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) thin film and flexible interdigital electrodes that is bonding with sodium‐doped zinc oxide nanoflowers is demonstrated , which can detect airflow, temperature, and acetone during breathing. The respiration sensor may provide some reference ways for the fabrication of miniaturized respiratory disease monitoring devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlorpyrifos (CHL), profenofos (PRO) and cypermethrin (CYP) are widely used in combination to increase crop yields. However, these three pesticides can cause serious harm to human health and do not easily degrade. In this study, a novel visible paper sensor has been prepared successfully and different colorimetric reactions were utilized to detect the three pesticides simultaneously. The sensor was constructed by grafting a zwitterionic polymer onto a cellulose filter (CF) and placing it on a glass surface modified with PDMS. The branch shape was designed to form multiple detection areas, which were modified with specific pesticides and corresponding chromogenic reagents. The as-prepared colorimetric platform exhibited high sensitivity, a short detection time, a good linear response and a low detection limit (LOD) for the three pesticides (chlorpyrifos: y = 46.801 − 1.939x, R2 = 0.983, LOD = 0.235 mg/L; profenofos: y = 40.068 + 42.5x, R2 = 0.988, LOD = 4.891 mg/L; cypermethrin: y = 51.993 + 1.474x, R2 = 0.993, LOD = 4.053 mg/L). The comparison of the results obtained by the proposed paper sensor and those obtained by spectrophotometry further revealed the stability and reliability of the paper sensor. In particular, the color intensity of the interaction between the pesticides and coloring agents could be directly observed by the human eye. The consistency of the colorimetric/optical assay was proven in real target pesticide samples. Thus, this sensing strategy provides a portable, cost-effective, accurate and visualized paper platform, which could be suitable for application in the fruit and vegetable industry for monitoring CHL, PRO and CYP in parallel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Leaves are strikingly diverse in terms of shapes and complexity. The wild and cultivated strawberry plants mostly develop trifoliate compound leaves, yet the underlying genetic basis remains unclear in this important fruit crop in Rosaceae.Here, we identified two EMS mutants designated simple leaf1 (sl1‐1 and sl1‐2) and one natural simple‐leafed mutant monophylla in Fragaria vesca. Their causative mutations all reside in SL1 (FvH4_7g28640) causing premature stop codon at different positions in sl1‐1 and sl1‐2 and an eight‐nucleotide insertion (GTTCATCA) in monophylla.SL1 encodes a transcription regulator with the conserved DNA‐binding domain GT‐1 and the catalytic domain of protein kinases PKc. Expression of SL1pro::SL1 in sl1‐1 completely restored compound leaf formation. The 35S::SL1 lines developed palmate‐like leaves with four or five leaflets at a low penetrance. However, overexpressing the truncated SL1ΔPK caused no phenotypes, probably due to the disruption of homodimerization. SL1 is preferentially expressed at the tips of leaflets and serrations. Moreover, SL1 is closely associated with the auxin pathway and works synergistically with FveLFYa in leaf morphogenesis.Overall, our work uncovered a new type of transcription regulator that promotes compound leaf formation in the woodland strawberry and shed new lights on the diversity of leaf complexity control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lidocaine salts self-assembled into different nano systems in water at a clinical dosage (2%, 0.2 mL) without excipient addition, and led to different sensory block durations and acute systemic toxicities, which were affected by the self-delivery and self-release behaviors of the salts in vivo. These differences were mainly caused by intermolecular π–π stacking under different conditions, which was proved by the unique supramolecular arrangement of gourd-shaped Janus particles. π–π stacking in lidocaine nano systems can be enhanced by carbon dioxide addition or the exchange of counter ions from Br− to Cl−. Without π–π stacking, nano systems self-assembled by lidocaine hydrobromide achieved 7.8 h sensory block by intradermal administration on rats, which is much longer than the efficacy of classical local anesthetics and more suitable for postoperative treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topological geometry of poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), such as brush‐like, knot‐like, hyperbranched and randomly coiled, often exerts a strong influence on their self‐assembly behaviors. As a primary topological form, the cyclic topology‐derived effects have not been investigated on PILs, which concerns synergy of charges and zero chain end. Herein, linear and cyclic poly(ionic liquid) copolymers (co‐PILs) with randomly distributed counter anions of B(Ph)4− and Br− by a template method in combination with a follow‐up partial anion exchange is prepared. The self‐assembly phenomena of linear and cyclic co‐PILs are studied in selective solvents, where the hydrophobic counter anions B(Ph)4− and hydrophilic counter anions Br− aggregated to form cores and corona in the assembled nanospheres, showing the average size of cyclic co‐PILs nanospheres is 46.2% smaller (≈120 nm) than linear co‐PILs nano‐assemblies (≈176 nm). Based on the CGMD simulations, the authors speculate that the spherical aggregates are formed by transitioning from micelles with gradient block‐like structures, which formed by enriched hydrophobic counter anions in the core and enriched hydrophilic counter anions in the corona. These results indicate a novel synergy of topology effects and dynamic anion movements, as revealed by cyclic co‐PIL self‐assembly in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selection of the optimizer is critical for convergence in the field of on-chip training. As one second moment optimizer, adaptive moment estimation (ADAM) shows a significant advantage compared with non-moment optimizers such as stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and first-moment optimizers such as Momentum. However, ADAM is hard to implement on hardware due to the computationally intensive operations, including square, root extraction, and division. This work proposed Hardware-ADAM (HW-ADAM), an efficient fixed-point accelerator for ADAM highlighting hardware-oriented mathematical optimizations. HW-ADAM has two designs: Efficient-ADAM (E-ADAM) unit reduced the hardware resource consumption by around 90% compared with the related work. E-ADAM achieved a throughput of 2.89 MUOP/s (Million Updating Operation per Second), which is 2.8× of the original ADAM. Fast-ADAM (F-ADAM) unit reduced 91.5% flip-flops, 65.7% look-up tables, and 50% DSPs compared with the related work. The F-ADAM unit achieved a throughput of 16.7 MUOP/s, which is 16.4× of the original ADAM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hardware architecture of a deep-neural-network-based feature point extraction method is proposed for the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) in robotic applications, which is named the Feature Point based SLAM Network (FPSNET). Some key techniques are deployed to improve the hardware and power efficiency. The data path is devised to reduce overall off-chip memory accesses. The intermediate data and partial sums resulting in the convolution process are stored in available on-chip memories, and optimized hardware is employed to compute the one-point activation function. Meanwhile, address generation units are used to avoid data overlapping in memories. The proposed FPSNET has been designed in 65 nm CMOS technology with a core area of 8.3 mm2. This work reduces the memory overhead by 50% compared to traditional data storage for activation and overall by 35% for on-chip memories. The synthesis and simulation results show that it achieved a 2.0× higher performance compared with the previous design while achieving a power efficiency of 1.0 TOPS/W, which is 2.4× better than previous work. Compared to other ASIC designs with close peak throughput and power efficiency performance, the presented FPSNET has the smallest chip area (at least 42.4% reduction). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we give a classification of the global asymptotic stability for a nonlocal diffusion competition model with free boundaries consisting of an invasive species with density u and a native species with density v. We not only prove that such nonlocal diffusion problem has a unique global solution and also determine the long-time asymptotic behavior of the solution for three competition cases : (I) u is an inferior competitor, (II) u is a superior competitor and (III) the weak competition case. Especially, in case (II), under some additional conditions, we determine the long-time asymptotic behavior of the solution when vanishing happens. Moreover, the criteria for spreading and vanishing are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an efficient nano-zero-valent iron supported by alkali-modified sludge biochar (nZVI@NaOH-SBC) composites were synthesized by a liquid-phase reduction method for Cu2+ removal. The preparation conditions (sodium hydroxide concentration, pyrolysis temperature, solid–liquid ratio, and modification time) of sludge biochar (SBC) were optimized by orthogonal experiments. The results showed that the best SBC was prepared under the conditions of sodium hydroxide concentration of 3 mol/L, pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C, a solid–liquid ratio of 1:20, and modification time of 24 h, and a maximum adsorption capacity was 183.22 mg/g, which is 2.43 times that of the pristine sludge biochar. The adsorption behavior was in accordance with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that the removal of Cu2+ was mainly affected by chemisorption. The adsorption isotherm conformed to the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity of Cu2+ was 358.42 mg/g at pH = 5, and 25 °C. Reusability tests confirmed the good reusability and stability of the material. Batch experiments and characterization reveal that the mechanism of Cu removal by nZVI@NaOH-SBC composites involves multiple processes: adsorption, precipitation, electrostatic attraction, and reduction. This study proposes a new biochemical adsorbent, which provides a good choice for the treatment of copper-containing wastewater and the resource utilization of sludge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic reconstruction of doped LaMnO3 on the ferroelectric substrate intrinsically involves sizeable carrier inhomogeneity on the scale of one-unit cell due to the charge screening effect at the interface. The small variation in Mn-d valence caused by the inhomogeneity may be responsible for the conflicting magnetic patterns predicted for thick magnetic films. To avoid the complexity resulting from the carrier inhomogeneity, we consider in this paper the magnetic reconstruction of a rigorously carrier homogeneous monocell SrMnO3 film on a BaTiO3 substrate. Stoichiometric SrMnO3 is used to further prevent the film from structural defects and associated Anderson's localization. Our study showed that magnetic reconstruction takes place between nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic structures during polarization reversal of the substrate even if the ground state of bulk SrMnO3 is far away from the magnetic phase boundary. Furthermore, the estimated effective magnetoelectric coupling coefficient is 6.1 × 10−2 Oe cm V−1. It is more than doubled than those values obtained for thick magnetic films. Our detailed analysis suggested that the magnetic reconstruction is dictated by the modulated double-exchange ferromagnetic coupling mediated by Mn-d(eg)-orbitals against the superexchange antiferromagnetic coupling mediated by d(t2g)-orbitals. The nearest-chain antiferromagnetic structure also appears during the polarization reversal process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the following fractional parabolic‐elliptic Keller–Segel system with time‐space dependent logistic source on the whole space 0.1ut+(−Δ)su+χ∇·(u∇v)=u(a(t,x)−b(t,x)u),t>0,x∈ℝN,0=Δv−λv+μu,t>0,x∈ℝN,$$ \left\{\begin{array}{cc}{u}_t&amp;#x0002B;{\left(-\Delta \right)}&amp;#x0005E;su&amp;#x0002B;\chi \nabla \cdotp \left(u\nabla v\right)&amp;#x0003D;u\left(a\left(t,x\right)-b\left(t,x\right)u\right),\kern0.30em &amp; t&gt;0,x\in {\mathbb{R}}&amp;#x0005E;N,\\ {}0&amp;#x0003D;\Delta v-\lambda v&amp;#x0002B;\mu u,\kern0.30em &amp; t&gt;0,x\in {\mathbb{R}}&amp;#x0005E;N,\end{array}\right. $$where s∈(0,1),χ,λ$$ s\in \left(0,1\right),\chi, \lambda $$ and μ$$ \mu $$ are positive constants and the functions a(t,x)$$ a\left(t,x\right) $$ and b(t,x)$$ b\left(t,x\right) $$ are positive and bounded. When the order of fractional diffusion s∈1/2,1$$ s\in \left(1/2,1\right) $$ and the functions a(t,x)$$ a\left(t,x\right) $$ and b(t,x)$$ b\left(t,x\right) $$ satisfy some conditions, we first prove the local existence and uniqueness of nonnegative classical solutions (u(t,x;t0,u0),v(t,x;t0,u0))$$ \left(u\left(t,x;{t}_0,{u}_0\right),v\left(t,x;{t}_0,{u}_0\right)\right) $$ with u(t0,x;t0,u0)=u0$$ u\left({t}_0,x;{t}_0,{u}_0\right)&amp;#x0003D;{u}_0 $$ for every t0∈ℝ$$ {t}_0\in \mathbb{R} $$ and every nonnegative bounded and uniformly continuous initial function u0$$ {u}_0 $$. Next, under some parameter conditions, we prove the global existence and boundedness of classical solutions (u(t,x;t0,u0),v(t,x;t0,u0))$$ \left(u\left(t,x;{t}_0,{u}_0\right),v\left(t,x;{t}_0,{u}_0\right)\right) $$ for given initial function u0$$ {u}_0 $$. Finally, we obtain the pointwise persistence phenomena of solutions; that is, for any strictly positive initial function u0$$ {u}_0 $$, there are 00$$ T\left({u}_0\right)&gt;0 $$ such that m≤u(t,x;t0,u0)≤M,∀t≥T(u0),x∈ℝN.$$ m\le u\left(t,x;{t}_0,{u}_0\right)\le M,\forall t\ge T\left({u}_0\right),x\in {\mathbb{R}}&amp;#x0005E;N. $$In summary, these results are extension to the case of fractional parabolic‐elliptic Keller–Segel system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a prevalent malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Although surgical resection, adjuvant radiotherapy/chemotherapy, and targeted molecular therapy are the cornerstones of NSCLC treatment, NSCLC is associated with high recurrence rates and drug resistance. This study analyzed the potential targets and pathways of 6-Shogaol (6-SH) in NSCLC, showing that 6-SH binds to heat-shock 60 kDa protein (HSP60) in A549 cells, induces cell apoptosis, and arrests the cell cycle possibly by disrupting the mitochondrial function. HSP60 was identified as the target of 6-SH and 6-SH-induced HSP60 degradation which was mediated by the proteasome. The binding of 6-SH with HSP60 altered its stability, inhibited the ERK, Stat3, PI3K, Akt, and mTOR signaling pathways, and Tax acted synergistically with 6-SH, indicating that 6-SH could be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for an NSCLC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a W band (75–110 GHz) phase shifter based on the liquid crystal of continuous tunability and the three-electrode bias network of excellent electrical manipulation is designed. Taking Rexolite 1422 as the transmission dielectric, in which slots are dug and filled with liquid crystal. The voltage is regulated by the electrode bias network, and then the liquid crystal dielectric constant is changed to realize phase shift. The measured results show that the phase shift of the liquid crystal dielectric phase shifter can be up to 440° through the electrical control of the bias electrode network, which surpasses many designed phase shifters. In the whole W band, the insert loss is about 3 dB and the return loss is almost over 10 dB, emerging excellent matching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]