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Lipid oxidation often accompanies the processing and storage of peanuts, which causes a serious waste of peanut resources. To solve the problem of being prone to oxidation in peanut processing, a ternary complex antioxidant based on rosemary extract (RE) was constructed to investigate its effect on the oxidative and thermal stability of peanuts, and the inhibition of peanut oxidation by compound antioxidants was revealed by dynamic Arrhenius formula and complexation theory. The results showed that there was a synergistic effect between RE and Tert‐butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), and the antioxidant effects of RE and TBHQ were 4.86 and 1.45 times higher when used in combination than when used alone, respectively. In addition, RE‐TBHQ‐CA (citric acid) effectively inhibited primary and secondary oxidation of peanuts with a shelf life 8.7 times longer than that of control peanuts. This study provides a novel antioxidant compounding idea, which has a positive effect on improving the quality of peanut and other nut products, prolonging the shelf life and reducing the waste of resources. Practical Application: Compounding a complex antioxidant that permits its use in peanuts. It was found that rosemary and TBHQ might have synergistic antioxidant effects. Meanwhile, this combination of RE‐TBHQ‐CA effectively inhibited the oxidation of peanut oils and prolonged the shelf life of peanuts. RE‐TBHQ‐CA is a highly efficient complex antioxidant that can reduce the amounts of antioxidants added while maintaining high antioxidant efficiency, which may be useful for the future preservation and storage of nut products as it positively affects the quality and shelf life of the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Reconstruction of large lower lip defects remains challenging in terms of aesthetics, function and safety. The aim of this study is to explore a modified nasolabial flap to repair large lower lip defects. Methods: The full‐thickness nasolabial facial artery flap was used for reconstruction of defects in lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients after tumor ablation. The postoperative recovery of patients was obtained through clinical review and follow‐up in the first and sixth month. Results: There were four LSCC patients who received tumor ablation at the Beijing Stomatological Hospital of Capital Medical University from November 2022 to March 2023, were included in our study. All patients did not suffer from postoperative infection, orocutaneous fistula, flap necrosis, and flap loss. One patient had the trapdoor deformity. These patients achieved better lip closure function. One patient developed cervical lymph node metastasis 2 months after surgery. Conclusions: The modified nasolabial flap could achieve good outcomes in terms of aesthetics, function, and safety. It provided a supplementary strategy for the using of nasolabial flap in larger defects of lower lip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has garnered international concern due to its significant antibiotic resistance. Notably, children exhibit distinct resistance mechanisms compared to adults, necessitating a differential approach to antibiotic selection. A thorough analysis of CRKP's epidemiology and drug resistance mechanisms is essential for establishing a robust foundation for clinical anti-infection strategies and precise prevention and control measures. Methods: This study involved the collection of 31 non-repetitive strains from pediatric and adult patients at a tertiary hospital in China, spanning from July 2016 to July 2022, testing for resistance genes, antimicrobial susceptibility, and homology analysis. Results: Infants (0– 1 year) were the largest pediatric CRKP group, with 61.3% of cases. The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and pediatrics were the main departments affected. Adults with CRKP had a mean age of 67 years, with the highest prevalence in neurology and emergency ICU. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that adult CRKP strains exhibited higher resistance to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, and aztreonam compared to pediatric strains. Conversely, pediatric strains showed a higher rate of resistance to ceftazidime/avibactam. The predominant resistance genes identified were blaNDM-5 in children (58.1%) and blaKPC-2 in adults (87.1%), with over 93% of both groups testing positive for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes. Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) indicated ST2735 and ST11 as the predominant types in children and adults, respectively. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) identified clonal transmission patterns of ST11 blaKPC-2 and ST15 blaOXA-232 across both age groups. Notably, this study reports the first instance of ST1114-type CRKP co-producing blaNDM-5 and blaOXA-181 in the NICU. Conclusion: This study reveals distinct resistance mechanisms and epidemiology in CRKP from children and adults. The identified clonal transmission patterns emphasize the need for improved infection control to prevent the spread of resistant strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automatic medical image segmentation has shown great potential in recent years. Howerver, magnetic resonance images (MRI) usually have the characteristics of noise and artifacts, existing methods cannot accurately segment the boundaries. In addition, most existing algorithms are unable to effectively capture the global dependencies to offset the local inductive bias. In this work, we present a novel denoising diffusion model based on 3D Swin Transformer for brain tumor segmentation, called DiffSwinTr. Furthermore, a conditional encoder module is designed to extract multi‐scale features and enhance the ability of local feature perception. We extensively evaluate our model on three BraTS datasets. The proposed DiffSwinTr can achieve average Dice Scores of 79.91%, 83.07%, and 85.38%, as well as the average Hausdorff Distances (95%) of 3.361, 3.334, and 2.975mm, respectively. The experimental results illuminate that DiffSwinTr outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art segmentation methods. Besides, our proposed model is robust to segmenting images with noise and artifacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time series forecasting has a wide range of applications in various fields. To eliminate the need for time series data volume, a meta-learning-based few-shot time series forecasting method is proposed. This method uses a residual stack module as its backbone and connects the residuals forward and backward through a multilayer fully connected network so that the model and the meta-learning framework can be seamlessly combined. The Empirical knowledge of different time-sequence tasks is obtained through meta-training. To enable fast adaptation to new prediction tasks, a small meta-network is introduced to adaptively and dynamically generate the learning rate and weight decay coefficient of each step in the network. This method can use sequences of different data distribution characteristics for cross-task learning, and each training task only needs a small number of time series to achieve sequence prediction for the target task. The results show that compared with the two baselines, the proposed method has improved performance on 67.07% and 58.53% of the evaluated tasks. Thus, this method can effectively alleviate the problems caused by insufficient data during training and has broad application prospects in the field of time series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the World Health Organization's guidelines for rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation [≤7 days after human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis], China implemented Treat-All in 2016 and has made significant efforts to provide timely ART since 2017. This study included newly diagnosed HIV adults from Tianjin, China, between 2016 and 2022. Our primary outcome was loss to follow-up (LTFU) at 12 months after enrollment. The secondary outcome was 12-month virological failure. The association between rapid ART and LTFU, as well as virological failure, was assessed via Cox regression and logistic regression. A total of 896 (19.1%) of 4688 participants received ART ≤7 days postdiagnosis. The rate of rapid ART has increased from 7.5% in 2016 to 33.3% by 2022. The rapid ART group had an LTFU rate of 3.3%, as opposed to 5.0% in the delayed group. The rapid ART group had a much reduced virological failure rate (0.6% vs. 1.8%). Rapid ART individuals had a reduced likelihood of LTFU [adjusted hazard ratio: 0.65, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.44–0.96] and virological failure (adjusted odds ratio: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.12–0.80). The real-world data indicated that rapid ART is practicable and beneficial for Chinese people with HIV, providing evidence for its widespread implementation and scaling up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of temperature (T) on stability of squeezed soybean oil (SSO) were studied by four characterization parameters (CPs, conductivity, peroxide value, isovolumetric combustion heat and acid value)similarities and differences of CPs characterization results were further compared.Under the fixed conditions of relative humidity was 40%, partial pressure of oxygen was 21 kPa, illumination was 800 lx and initial headspace rate was 50%, regulated and controled T to 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃ and 70 ℃ respectively,SSO test samples were oxidized continuously in airtight container for a long time, four CPs at different oxidation time (t) were multiple measured in the same time, curve of CP～t was plotted, kinetic equation was regressed, rate constant (k) and apparent activation energy were calculated, the prediction model of metamorphic time was established and coincidence rate was verified.The results show that CP changed significantly with the increase of T and the extension of t, the oxidative rancidity of SSO has characteristic of simple series reaction,the prediction model of metamorphic time has a good coincidence, CP was different, and there was a big difference in k.The stability of squeezed soybean oil of SSO should be described by multiple CPs.

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Background and Objectives: Transfusion of cold‐stored whole blood is the preferred resuscitation method for trauma patients but may cause transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease (TA‐GVHD). Standard clinical practice to prevent this is to irradiate blood components with gamma‐rays. X‐ray irradiations are also a safe and effective alternative to gamma‐ray irradiation. We established a visual mouse model of TA‐GVHD to compare the viability and function of lymphocytes exposed to gamma‐ and x‐ray irradiation. Materials and Methods: A haploidentical transplantation mouse model was established to simulate TA‐GVHD with Balb/c mice as donors and hybrid F1 CB6 mice (Balb/c × C57) as recipients. Spleen cells from Tg‐Fluc+ Balb/c mice were isolated and irradiated with gamma‐rays and x‐rays. Lymphocyte activation, apoptosis and proliferation post phorbol 1 2‐myristate 1 3‐acetate (PMA) stimulation were evaluated. After transfusion, we monitored Fluc+ lymphocytes daily by bioluminescence imaging. Recipients were euthanized on day 21, and tissues were examined pathologically and for inflammatory cytokines. Results: The viability of gamma‐ or x‐ray irradiated lymphocytes decreased significantly with slight changes in proliferation in vivo after transfusion. Compared with the non‐irradiated group, both the gamma‐ and x‐ray irradiated groups showed significantly decreased clinical scoring and inflammatory cytokine levels. The fluorescence intensity of the body and target organs was reduced after irradiation. Conclusion: No recipients acquired TA‐GVHD after lymphocyte transfusion subjected to gamma‐ or x‐rays, showing that x‐rays inactivate as well as gamma rays and are suitable for irradiating whole blood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life‐threatening disease characterised by elevated pulmonary pressure, right ventricular failure (RVF) and ultimately death. Aggressive treatment of RVF is considered an important therapeutic strategy to treat PAH. Previous studies have indicated that betaine may be may a promising therapeutic approach for PAH‐induced RVF. Therefore, in this study, betaine solution for injection was prepared and characterised using various techniques. The therapeutic efficacy of three different methods of administration (intragastric, nebulised inhalation and intravenous injection) were comprehensively evaluated in terms of pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and pharmacodynamics. The pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that betaine injection administered via nebulised inhalation significantly prolonged betaine's half‐life and increased its internal circulation time compared to the intragastric and intravenous routes. Biodistribution experiments verified that the betaine formulation accumulated in the lung tissue when administered via inhalation. The results of the pharmacodynamic analysis further confirmed that right ventricular systolic pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy index increased in the model group and that inhaled betaine suppressed these pathological changes to a level comparable to those observed in the control group. Taken together, these results indicate that betaine administered by inhalation is a promising strategy for the treatment of PAH‐induced RVF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]