Search

Through qualitative interviews and overt non‐participant observation with 15 former steelworkers and their sons, changes in perceptions of masculinity are explored across a generation in a deindustrialized community in Sheffield, UK. Despite some policing of their behavior by the fathers, heterogeneity in both options and choices regarding employment and life outside of work resulted in the sons conceptualizing masculinity in different and often complex ways. The younger men are found to orientate to, modify, or reject tenets of traditional masculinity depending upon what best aligns with their personal circumstance, which naturally changes over time. The evidence does not point to a crisis of masculinity, more plausibly a crisis in masculinity as what constitutes acceptable masculine behavior—in a community characterized as having relatively homogenous views—changes, but the gender binary, importance of masculinity to young men's identity, and the patriarchal dividend remain intact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A socially patterned epidemic of deaths of despair is a signal feature of American society in the twenty-first century, involving rising mortality from substance use disorders and self-harm at the bottom of the class structure. In the present review, we compare this population health crisis to that which ravaged Eastern Europe at the tail end of the previous century. We chart their common upstream causes: violent social dislocations wrought by rapid economic change and attendant public policies. By reviewing the extant social scientific and epidemiological literature, we probe a collection of dominant yet competing explanatory frameworks and spotlight avenues for future sociological contributions to this growing but underdeveloped domain of research. Deaths of despair are deeply rooted in socioeconomic dislocations that shape health behavior and other proximate causes of health inequality; therefore, sociology has great untapped potential in analyzing the social causes of deaths of despair. Comparative sociological research could significantly extend the extant public health and economics scholarship on deaths of despair by exploring the variegated lived experience of socioeconomic change in different institutional contexts, relying on sociological concepts such as fundamental causes, social reproduction, social disintegration, alienation, or anomie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the risk of premature deindustrialization in latecomer developing countries in Asia, focusing on their manufacturing output ratio. Diverging from the literature that treats Asian economies as a group with comparative advantages in manufacturing, this empirical analysis adopts the latecomer index to demonstrate downward shifts in the latecomers' manufacturing–income relationship, implying a premature deindustrialization risk. Furthermore, it shows that the risk is higher for manufacturing trade-deficit countries (compared with trade-surplus countries) and for South Asian countries (compared with Southeast Asian countries). Therefore, Asian economies should improve their logistics performance for greater global value chain participation to avoid premature deindustrialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: - Coal mining areas in the UK continue to suffer worse health outcomes despite the industry disappearing by the early 1990s. Unemployment and deprivation are cited as key explanations. However, as the health effects of hazardous working environments continue after the industry's closure, it is unclear to what extent this ongoing health deficit is due to the legacy health effect of coal mining versus socioeconomic factors, including unemployment and deprivation., Methods: - I isolate the legacy health effect of coal mining using a matching research design. Coal mining areas are paired with non-mining areas using propensity score matching. This creates a sample of socioeconomically similar local authority districts in England and Wales. I estimate the effect of coal mining on male and female age-standardised period mortality rates for 1981-2019, analysing temporal dynamics and testing for convergence., Results: - I find an initial coal mining effect in 1981 on male (female) mortality rates of 122.6 (66.5) deaths per 100,000. This effect decreases by 91% (70%) during this period, indicating convergence in mortality rates. The timing of this convergence is consistent with that of the industry's closure, with higher convergence rates observed during the 1990s., Conclusions: - These results provide evidence for a legacy health effect on mortality from coal mining and convergence in mortality rates between 1981 and 2019. This effect is important when explaining the health deficit experienced by coal mining areas. Furthermore, as coal mining areas tend to be more deprived, these results also shed light on relevant mechanisms driving recent health inequality in the UK., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Author.)

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of productivity in developed countries, including EU countries and Ukraine. Hypotheses about the identity of the deindustrialization factor as the main cause for productivity decrease for both the Ukrainian economy and the economic systems of developed countries are verified. Purpose of the article: To develop a comprehensive methodological approach to strategizing and state regulation of the business environment based on guidelines developed according to the results of a comparative analysis of the productivity of entrepreneurial activities and focused on maximizing the creation of added value, which is a criterion for increasing the productivity of entrepreneurial activities. Methods used: A review of the scientific literature, a comparative analysis of the productivity of entrepreneurial activity in developed countries and Ukraine, including time series analysis, calculating growth rates of per capita value-added, and factor analysis of key obstacles that hinder the growth of the productivity of innovative entrepreneurial activity. The contribution made to the theory and methodology of productivity includes the proposed definition of the economic category “productivity of entrepreneurial activity”; general methodological principles of forming a strategy for improving the productivity of entrepreneurial activities are established; taking into account the best international experience, the main principles of state regulation of the entrepreneurial environment are laid down; it is established that the purpose of the strategy for improving the productivity of entrepreneurial activity is to provide the state with favorable business conditions, i.e., to create a favorable entrepreneurial environment and make it possible to identify and use hidden assets of entrepreneurial structures to develop value-added chains, the growth of which is a criterion for increasing productivity.

Although coalmining and Scotland (and indeed the Scottish coal industry) have long been core case studies utilized by historians of deindustrialization, Ewan Gibbs' I Coal Country: The meaning and memory of deindustrialization in postwar Scotland i pushes our understanding of deindustrialization in a bold new direction making it both an exciting and ambitious contribution to this growing literature. In his exploration of the nature of Scottish nationalism as it developed in the Scottish coalfields over the long-term, Gibbs cautious against interpretating the politics of deindustrialization as exclusively - or necessarily - a '"Rust Belt" rebellion' (p. 226) that takes a right-wing populist form; the Scottish coalfields show that a more progressive manifestation of the politics of deindustrialization is possible. Overall, I Coal Country i persuasively makes the case for deindustrialization as a long-term process that should have important ramifications beyond the confines of its own case study. [Extracted from the article]

• Deindustrialization may emerge in both developed and developing countries. One dimension of the industrialization trend is regional deindustrialization in a country. • Analyzes inter-state deindustrialization trends in the U.S. by dividing states into three income level groups (high, middle, and low). • Determines the turning points of inter-state deindustrialization in the U.S. and the difference in the rate of deindustrialization. • Conducts both time-series and panel data methodology. • Results show that the phenomenon of premature deindustrialization, which is historically observed in developing countries at a very lower GDP per capita income levels than developed countries, might exist at the regional level even in a developed country. The phenomenon of deindustrialization may emerge in both developed and developing countries. Besides deindustrialization is observable in different regions of a country. This study analyzes inter-state deindustrialization trends in the United States (the U.S.) from 1977 to 2017 by dividing states into three income level groups (high, middle, and low). Instead of specifying the factors, we determine the turning points of inter-state deindustrialization and the difference in the rate of deindustrialization by applying both time-series and panel data methodology. The results suggest that the deindustrialization hypothesis is valid in 38 out of 50 states, DC, and the U.S. at the country level. Furthermore, our results show that deindustrialization curves in lower-income states reach a turning point at lower per capita income levels and at an earlier time-span compared to higher-income state groups. Our findings indicate that premature/early deindustrialization, which is commonly stated for developing countries in the literature is also valid for different regions in a developed country, the U.S. in our case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The pandemic-crisis effects on Brazilian manufacturing industries are investigated. • An input-output model is employed to address its sectorial composition and linkages. • The pandemic-crisis has further harmful effects on knowledge-intensive industries. • EIHC promotes high-tech industries, while it showed higher degree of import dependence. • COVID-19 may be crucial to rethink industrial policy space within societal purposes. The COVID-19 crisis represents a turning point to rethink industrial policy spaces and countries' productive autonomy, especially for developing economies, such as Brazil, that call for new ways of thinking about manufacturing within societal purposes. Using an input-output model, the paper explores the pandemic-crisis-effects in the case of the Brazilian manufacturing sector. We find that the pandemic-crisis has harmful effects on the Brazilian productive structure, revealing the dependence on imports of the Brazilian Health System. Reductions in manufacturing gross output and value-added are mainly seen in knowledge-intensive subsectors, followed by job losses and tax revenue reduction. We suggest that the pandemic points to some roads to reindustrialization and resilience, given the reorganization of international production networks and the growing dependence on imports in key manufacturing sectors. Thus, the potential role of the manufacturing sector to achieve inclusive and sustainable growth reveals the importance of building productive capacity beyond the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the political history of the failed struggle to require companies to justify their plant closing decisions in Canada's industrial heartland of Ontario. Demands for the public review of plant closing decisions began, locally, in the auto town of Windsor in the 1950s and 1960s and reached Toronto with the closure of Dunlop Tire in 1970. Another wave of closures struck in 1980, this time reaching deep into rural and small-town Ontario as well as larger industrial towns and cities, generalizing concern. The resulting Select Committee on Plant Shutdowns and Employee Adjustment, created by the Ontario legislature, took it upon itself to conduct the kind of public review of recent closures that was long demanded. Due to the strength of the political opposition to any interference with management rights, it was essential that proponents could point to precedents in Western Europe. Trade unionists also grounded their argument in favour of government regulation in the moral economy idea that long-service workers accrued a proprietary right to their jobs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four decades on from the onset of deindustrialisation in the UK and other late-capitalist societies, industrial places are again emerging as key objects of policy discourse. Under the dual pressures of decarbonisation, and the recognition of 'left behind' regions as potential hotspots for feelings of political marginalisation, new strategies for clean growth are emerging, aiming to boost local economic and environmental performance. Presenting data produced via biographical interviews and deliberative workshops in Port Talbot, South Wales, we explore how experiences of life in one of the UK's most significant manufacturing towns has shaped local feelings towards four place-based scenarios for industrial and energy systems decarbonisation. Drawing on the rich literatures detailing the cultural and emotional impacts of deindustrialisation, we illustrate how situated experiences of industrial dependence and decline shaped how Port Talbot residents made sense of visions for the town's future. In so doing we show how, in the face of industrial decline, alternative aspects of place emerged as locus points of emotional and cultural identification, 'public things' (Honig, 2017) in which alternative hopes for the future are invested. As emergent policies for clean growth become enacted in concrete projects, we argue for a clearer focus on experiences of and relationships embedded in industrial places, to ensure such strategies meet the desires of local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Factory occupations are rare and sporadic events which shed light on the processes associated with the collective mobilization of workers' power. This article utilizes Kelly's agential and Atzeni's structural explanations of worker mobilization to examine two disputes which took place during Britain's long experience of deindustrialization: the occupations of Caterpillar's tractor factory in Uddingston, Scotland, during 1987 and Vestas' wind turbine plant on the Isle of Wight during 2009. Each occupation shared the context of multinational divestment and collective workforce grievance based on a common perception that their plant was economically viable and vital to the local economy. However, contrasting sources of leadership mobilized this sentiment in each case: union stewards from within Caterpillar, socialist activists from outside at Vestas. The article concludes that an effective explanation of occupations must synthesize structural and agential factors, emphasizing the coalescing role of activist networks and workers' perceptions of their labour's social utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decarbonizing the energy system is critical for addressing climate change. Given the dominance of fossil fuels in the energy system, decarbonization requires rapid and significant industrial transition of the energy supply at scale. This includes explicit and coordinated plans not only for zero carbon phase‐in, but for fossil carbon phase‐out. Even very rapid decarbonization will likely take decades, leading to a medium‐term future where the conventional, fossil‐based energy system coexists with a new, zero‐carbon energy system. Each imposes operational constraints on the other: what we call the mid‐transition. Notably, this coexistence means that the new, zero‐carbon system will develop under fossil carbon system constraints. The mid‐transition will therefore likely require specific analytical metrics designed to support decision making under dynamic and uncertain conditions. Many aspects of transition will be felt, and shaped, directly by individuals because of our direct interactions with energy systems. Even rare missteps are likely to have significant and potentially system design‐relevant impacts on perception, political support, and implementation. Comparisons of the new system to the old system are likely to rest on experience of a world less affected by climate change, such that concerns about lower reliability, higher costs, and other challenges might be perceived as inherent to zero‐carbon systems, versus energy systems facing consequences of climate change and long‐term underinvestment. This review assesses and evaluates medium‐term challenges associated with the mid‐transition in the United States, emphasizing the need for explicit planning for joint and coordinated phase‐in and phase‐out. This article is categorized under: The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Decarbonizing Energy and/or Reducing Demand [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This postscript to the Special Feature describes the explicit and implicit temporalities of gentrification in gentrification theory. It asks whether the papers in this collection affirm or disrupt the accepted understanding of gentrification as a phenomenon that emerged in the postwar years in the context of urban deindustrialization. It argues that a robust definition of gentrification, which identifies the historicity of the phenomenon and its temporal boundaries, is required in order to avoid the co-optation of gentrification definitions and theories and the 'naturalization' of gentrification. And, lastly, it suggests that critical history writing and historiography can contribute to gentrification studies' project of denaturalizing the process by grounding it in long-term processes with a historical dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on 52 qualitative interviews with working-class individuals, this paper explores the social and economic decline of a coastal locale referred to as High Town in Teesside in the North East of England. First, the paper outlines how the locality expanded as a popular seaside resort under capitalism's post-war period. It then assesses how the seaside existed together with industrial work, offering stable employment opportunities, economic security and a sense of community. Next, the article documents the shift to neoliberalism in the 1980s, specifically the decline of High Town's seaside resort, the deindustrialization process and therefore the 2015 closure of High Town's steelworks. It explicates how this exacerbated the locale's economic decline through the loss of industrial work's 'job for life', its diminishing popularity as a coastal area and the further deterioration of the town centre. The paper concludes by suggesting that High Town has lost its raison d'être under neoliberalism and faces difficulties in revival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decline of manufacturing employment is frequently invoked as a key cause of worsening U.S. population health trends, including rising mortality due to "deaths of despair." Increasing automation-- the use of industrial robots to perform tasks previously done by human workers-- is one structural force driving the decline of manufacturing jobs and wages. In this study, we examine the impact of automation on age- and sex-specific mortality. Using exogenous variation in automation to support causal inference, we find that increases in automation over the period 1993-2007 led to substantive increases in all- cause mortality for both men and women aged 45-54. Disaggregating by cause, we find evidence that automation is associated with increases in drug overdose deaths, suicide, homicide, and cardiovascular mortality, although patterns differ by age and sex. We further examine heterogeneity in effects by safety net program generosity, labor market policies, and the supply of prescription opioids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Core to his inquiry is understanding the continued experience of organised labour as an influential player in American capitalism. This recent book centres firmly on the era of shareholder capitalism and how organised labour sought to engage with it to shore up its influence and reinvent how it delivers on its historical objectives. Now, I Labor in the Age of Finance i extends that story through to the present period, exploring how pension funds and financialisation reconfigured forces that drive employment choices, reshaped the capacity of unions to influence employment practices, and continue to play a defining role in protecting labour's interests in the corporation. [Extracted from the article]

Union presidents leaned on pension funds to fight for proxy access firm by firm over the course of the 2000s, and corporate America became convinced that a coup was in the offing. Organized labor was caught up in this transformation in important ways, as Sanford M. Jacoby demonstrates in I Labor in the Age of Finance: Pensions, Politics, and Corporations from Deindustrialization to Dodd-Frank i . In one of the most interesting chapters, Jacoby documents a campaign led by organized labor for "proxy access", the right of shareholders to nominate directors for corporate boards. [Extracted from the article]

The article summarizes the theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of industrial restructuring as a necessary condition for sustainable development and inclusive economic growth. The irrationality of the approach of the "reformers" to the application of the recommendations of the "Washington Consensus", which led to the deindustrialization of the Ukrainian economy, is analyzed. The main reasons for the low efficiency of the implementation of nationwide targeted economic programs for the development of industry have been identified. The need for effective interaction in the industrial structure of large, medium and small businesses is indicated. The level of innovative development of the national economy is assessed. An analysis of the export potential was carried out; its predominantly raw material character was noted. Measures are proposed to improve the organizational mechanism for managing the state industrial policy.

We investigate the scale, causes and timing of significant episodes of industrialization and deindustrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa. Recent studies have argued that the turning point of manufacturing output and employment shares tends to occur "prematurely" in this region (Rodrik, 2016). We perform our analysis using panel data methods for fractional responses and data from a variety of sources for a panel of 45 African countries. Our results overwhelmingly do not support the common finding that Sub-Saharan Africa countries have begun to deindustrialize prematurely. Moreover, we document meaningful heterogeneity across subregions of Sub-Saharan Africa with the Southern region being the only subregion that witnessed limited deindustrialization. However, this deindustrialization of the southern subregion does not appear to be occurring prematurely. The study also explores the potential role of Dutch disease and resource-curse hypotheses in understanding Sub-Saharan Africa's manufacturing experience in resource rich countries. We conclude that manufacturing remains a viable and reliable path towards structural transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa. • The scale, causes and timing of industrialization and deindustrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa are investigated with a panel of 45 countries. • The share of manufacturing in economy-wide employment is rising, while the manufacturing value added share seems to be more or less stagnating. • Using manufacturing value added share as a measure of industrialization, we find no evidence of deindustrialization in sub-Saharan Africa. • Industrialization through manufacturing remains a leading and reliable path towards structural transformation in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent historiographical trends have ensured the continued relevance of the strike at the Mansfield Mills' hosiery factory in Loughborough in 1972. How this dispute, one of three in the East Midlands in two years dubbed 'race strikes' by the press, gained notoriety and were interpreted as an exemplar of British working-class racism requires re-evaluation. The article uses sources underutilized in previous studies, including the archive of the National Union of Hosiery and Knitwear Workers (NUHKW), to better understand the industry, the traditions of the hosiery craft, and how its processes of training and promotion differed from other industries that experienced 'race strikes'. This article relocates the dispute within the processes of deindustrialization, demographic and social change, workplace culture, and the importance of press reportage in shaping interpretations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the constraints to growth derived from the balance of payments and the external sector as the area in which the dependency of Latin American countries is most clearly expressed, application of the contributions of dependency theorists concerning external restrictions to growth in Argentina shows that the fate of surplus value in this economy is a key factor in the explanation of its dependent nature. Considerando las restricciones al crecimiento derivadas del balance de pagos y el sector externo como el ámbito donde se expresa más nítidamente la relación de dependencia, la aplicación de los aportes de la teoría de la dependencia referentes al problema de la restricción externa al crecimiento en la Argentina muestra que el destino que se le da al plusvalor en esta economía es un elemento clave para explicar su situación de dependencia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws on data collected from a multimethod ethnographic study to contribute to debates on the production of territorial stigmatisation through the analysis of Shirebrook, UK: a small post-industrial mining town in Derbyshire, which now houses the distribution centre and warehouse of Sports Direct, recently the subject of high-profile scrutiny in the UK over working conditions. Combining semi-structured interviews, participant observation and the analysis of documentary sources, I argue that the territorial stigmatisation of Shirebrook does not emanate from a single source. Rather, multiple institutions and agents converge in the co-production of stigma. The analysis draws attention to local antagonisms and hierarchies in the production of stigma, demonstrating how relatively powerful actors 'below' do not simply resist or deflect stigma onto less powerful others, but influence the way that territorial stigma operates, problematising Wacquant's top-down conceptualisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a case study of a street workout community in post-Soviet Dagestan, I show how young underclass men construct and negotiate their masculinities in a transitional society. Processes of deindustrialization and urbanization destabilize the gender order and problematize the legitimate ways of 'achieving' masculinity. Street workout athletes use the global cultural (post-sports) practice to articulate, prove and perform their masculinity styles and scenarios, which correspond both to the norms of the local and global hegemonic models. They pursue 'leisure careers' of professionally successful men and represent a strong, but not aggressive corporeality distancing themselves from marginalizing practices of street violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russia's rapid transition from a closed to an open economy occurred at the beginning of the post-Soviet period and within the Soviet framework of production. This resulted in the deindustrialization of the Russian economy, which has had many negative effects, including capital flight, the loss of manufacturing, and an increase in the import of manufactured products. This article considers the primary challenges to the reindustrialization of the Russian economy, and argues that this process must involve government subsidies, especially for the creation of vertically integrated interindustry corporations (VIICs). VIICs have long production-technology chains that begin with the extractive industries and end with process manufacturing enterprises. The creation of VIICs and the introduction of new technology will make Russian manufactured products more competitive both domestically and internationally. The problems facing Russian manufacturing and the ways in which VIICs can help address these problems are analyzed on the basis of five groups of producers: 1) the key producers of investment mechanical engineering; 2) the industry producers of investment mechanical engineering; 3) producers of manufactured products intended for industrial consumption; 4) producers of consumer goods; and 5) the producers of high-tech durable goods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the backdrop of deindustrialization and the rise of the service economy, small artisan businesses have been promoted as a liberatory alternative to large-scale enterprise and mass production in the wake of the 2007 global financial crisis. We analyze advice manuals for aspiring artisan entrepreneurs by adapting Boltanski and Chiapello's (2005) framework and analysis of management textbooks to investigate books for would-be artisan business owners. These texts are "manuals of moral instruction" (58) that offer the reader the promise of a more fulfilling and ethical life through self-employment. We reveal that the artisan economy promoted by these advice manuals represents a further evolution in capitalism's co-optation of the artistic critique via the oppositional strata of punk and indie youth subcultures—and their style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article theorizes a link between contemporary masculinity in post‐industrial spaces and 'hardcore' gym culture. Over the last three decades the health and fitness industry has grown exponentially, with bodily modification and the proliferation of gymnasia, health supplements and wearable fitness trackers now a dominant means by which many construct their identities. Simultaneously, the onset of wholesale neoliberalism, which has caused large‐scale de‐industrialization and the global outsourcing of labor, has resulted in a macro‐economic shift from production to consumption in the West. Set against this backdrop, this article draws upon two ethnographic studies in 'hardcore' gyms to examine the significance of bodywork in the lives of men in two working‐class, post‐industrial locales in England. First, gym work is conceptualized as a form of both graft and craft within our samples, and the role of the male body as a post‐industrial project is considered. Following this, the gym is presented as a site of fraternity which, following the loss of collectivizing industry in both areas, allows men to bond over a shared endeavor and build genuine kinship. Ultimately, we conclude that the gym is a space of production within consumption, furnishing our sample with a means of performing their embodied masculinity and repurposing formative notions of graft, craft, and fraternity in a new adaptive space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After 1990, rapid deindustrialization generated economic difficulties and a negative demographic evolution that was more strongly felt at the level of small towns in Romania. The purpose of the work is to analyze the effects generated by the deindustrialization process at the level of the municipality of OrȘOva in demographic and economic terms. Special attention was paid to the impact generated on the development of tourism as a result of the fact that Orşova presents an extraordinary tourist potential. In order to highlight these changes, the analysis was focused on establishing the importance and implications of the population structure (in this case the share of the young and adult population) and economic activities (especially tourism) on the local economy. The authors used a series of indicators (economic, demographic and tourist), based on which they tried to determine the degree of adaptability of the locality to the changes that occurred in the context of deindustrialization, as well as the impact produced on tourist activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Economia Contemporânea is the property of Revista de Economia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Gelişmekte olan ülkeler grubu içinde yer alan Türkiye’de, hizmetler, sanayi ve tarım sektörlerinin yarattığı istihdam ve katma değerde, 2001 yılı sonrası dönemde önemli değişimler meydana gelmiştir. Meydana gelen bu değişimler, gelir dağılımı üzerinde de önemli etkiler yaratmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2006 ve 2018 arasındaki dönemde, Türkiye’de gerçekleşen bu yapısal dönüşüm sürecini bölgesel düzeyde analiz etmek ve bu yapısal dönüşüm süreci ile gelir eşitsizliği arasında bulunan ilişkileri incelemektedir. Bu amaçla, ilk olarak, 2006 ile 2018 yılları arasındaki dönemde, Türkiye’de gerçekleşen istihdam değişiminin NUTS-1 düzeyinde sektörel bazlı analizi, shifts share (pay değişim analizi) yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. İkinci aşamada ise, panel veri yöntemi yardımıyla, gelir eşitsizliği ile sanayi ve hizmet istihdamı arasındaki ilişkiler araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın ulaştığı ilk önemli sonuç, 2006 ile 2018 döneminde, Türkiye bölgelerinin sanayisizleşme sürecine eşlik eden hizmetleşme sürecine doğru bir yapısal dönüşüm geçirdiğidir. En fazla istihdam artışının hizmetler sektöründe yaşandığı bu dönemde, sanayi sektörü ikinci planda kalmıştır. Çalışmanın ulaştığı ikinci önemli sonuç, Türkiye’nin ilgili dönemde geçirdiği bu yapısal dönüşüm süreci ile gelir eşitsizliği arasında bulunan ilişki ile ilgilidir. 2006 ile 2018 yılları arasında, sanayi istihdamının gelir eşitsizliği verilerini belirleme gücünün zayıflamış, hizmet istihdamının ise kuvvetlenmiştir. Hizmet istihdamı, gelir eşitsizliğini artıran sonuçlara neden olmaktadır.

The city is a frequent setting in various novels written in the last century and an important entity, almost a character in its own right, in many of them. This paper investigates the modes and techniques of narration in the representation of the city in selected novels of David Lodge and compares them with those of James Joyce in order to investigate the similarities and differences of the representation of the city at the beginning and the end of the 20th century, as well as to establish the ways in which the image of the city and its suburbs affects the representation of the novels' characters and their narratives in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deindustrialization wrought socio-economic and cultural change throughout the UK, Western Europe and the USA. Within some deindustrialized zones, multiple indices of deprivation rise significantly which presents complex and interrelated social problems including poverty, unemployment, poor quality private rented housing, complex physical and mental health problems, and crime. The austerity agenda further exacerbates these problems, cuts local support services, and further entrenches the myriad issues embedded in post-industrial communities. This paper draws on a funded research project in a deindustrialized town in the North East of England designed to measure the impact of migration on the settled community. The project found advantages to inward migration alongside increased community tension where poor neighbourhoods yet to recover from long-term deindustrialization saw a rapid increase of international migrants. These tensions represent competition for scarce resources amongst the fragmented multi-ethnic working class trying to get by in areas of "permanent recession". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the intergenerational effects of deindustrialisation on the processes and experiences of education at 'Lillydown Primary', a state primary school in a former mining community in the north of England. Complicating Avery Gordon's notion of 'haunting', and drawing on conceptualisations of affect and community 'being-ness', it highlights how contemporary experiences of education continue to be affected by historical and cultural relations and rhythms of everyday life, even though most of Britain's traditional industrial base is now gone. The paper draws on data from ethnographic research carried out at the School and explores the complex ways in which historical, class-based relations and modes of 'being' continue to haunt across time and space. Its findings suggest that by coming to know the fullness of a social haunting – the loss, injury and the 'goodness' of the past – schools may have the potential to engage working-class children in educational processes and experiences from which they might otherwise feel excluded, alienated or detached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In Von Thünen (1826) , manufacturing decentralization is refining raw products into final products. • In List (1841) , decentralization can only happen if: savings in transport cost covers the increase in fixed of a second plant. • We update this approach to recent trends of manufacture relocation, labeled as "deindustrialization". In the model of agricultural land use and rent of Von Thunen (1826), manufacturing decentralization is viewed as the refining (or "distilling") of an agricultural commodity near the cultivation site, which substitutes for its transport to an industrial mill located in the Town. As Friedrich List (1841) added, this substitution is economically feasible only if the savings in transport cost following from in site refining cover the increase in fixed costs associated with a second industrial plant. We update this approach aiming to rationalize some stylized trends of manufacture relocation nowadays, which are jointly labeled as "deindustrialization". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper examines the dynamics of deindustrialization in developed countries during the 1970–2015 period, investigating the patterns and factors underlying manufacturing employment growth in 12 developed economies. • The paper shows that deindustrialization is a persistent pattern that experienced a significant structural change in the post-1990 period, in which the acceleration of globalization with the rise of North-South trade appeared to have a significant effect. • Industries with higher relative labour productivity are significantly more resistant to deindustrialization, particularly in the post-1990 period, and this effect is stronger for low-tech industries. • Deindustrialization tends to be more severe in countries with larger populations and a deficit-prone trade balance, and these links have become more pronounced in the post-1990 period. This paper examines the dynamics of deindustrialization in developed countries during the 1970–2015 period, investigating the patterns and factors underlying manufacturing employment growth in 12 developed economies. The study discloses seven key findings with valuable policy insights. In particular, the paper shows that deindustrialization is a persistent pattern that experienced a significant structural change in the post-1990 period, in which the acceleration of globalization with the rise of North-South trade appeared to have a significant effect. Furthermore, industries with higher relative labour productivity are significantly more resistant to deindustrialization, particularly in the post-1990 period, and this effect is stronger for low-tech industries. In addition, deindustrialization tends to be more severe in countries with larger populations and a deficit-prone trade balance, and these links have become more pronounced in the post-1990 period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines trade union decline in light of concurrent changes in the demographic and sectoral composition of labor markets. Drawing on classical sociology and contemporary scholarship on work and employment, the author theorizes that the emergence of post-industrial work settings coupled with more socially diverse workforces make labor organizing more difficult than prior research recognizes. Operating through various mechanisms, these factors are thought to hinder the development of solidarity among workers and direct employment growth toward previously unorganized parts of the economy. Using panel data on 18 countries from 1960 to 2015, these ideas are tested with regression models that capture labor market changes indicative of post-industrial capitalism—measured by changes in deindustrialization, foreign-born population, and female share of employment. The results support the theoretical argument, with counterfactual estimates suggesting that labor market changes occurring between 1960 and 2015 reduced union density by 9 to 13 points for the whole sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although present in Serbia, the phenomenon of urban shrinkage has not been identified as a problem by local decision-makers. The purpose of this study is to present this phenomenon and to show the causes and consequences of urban shrinkage in Serbia. The analysis covers a recent period, 2002-2011, when this process was the most intensive. This study employs the method of grouping towns affected by the shrinkage process. The multi-criteria evaluation method was used to determine the types of towns according to the cause of shrinking, the intensity of the shrinkage factors and the character of the process. In the study of urban shrinkage in the territory of Serbia, environmental factors were considered as one of the causes. Environmental problems are an important factor of urban shrinkage in the developed world. Nevertheless, in Serbia, the economic causes are so dominant that they overpower major environmental issues as potential factors of the shrinking process. Apart from the key factors in this process in most East European and South-East European countries, urban shrinkage in Serbia has its roots in other factors – namely, the political instability caused by inter-ethnic conflicts in the Western Balkans during the 1990s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most pressing development challenges confronting African nations is the phenomenon of premature deindustrialisation. Countries are shifting out of labour-absorptive manufacturing sooner (historically) and at lower levels of per capita income than their industrialised counterparts. The downside risk to a fast-growing youth population in this context is the likely lack of available future economic opportunity. While African countries have all attained independence from their former colonisers, the economic freedom and opportunity expected to accompany this political freedom has manifestly not materialised. This paper argues that the poor quality of institutions is largely to blame for the malaise, and problems like premature deindustrialisation are unlikely to be solved unless institutions can be built that enhance states' capacity to govern effectively. Incentives for better governance are simultaneously undermined by coterminous phenomena such as the resource curse. Building the right institutions, however, requires a shared conceptual understanding of how institutions are forged, and how to work with the elite bargains or political settlements that generate and sustain them. The paper concludes that some of the recent divergence between New Institutional Economics (NIE) and Political Settlements scholars may inadvertently defeat this end, and thus makes the case instead for convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented which discusses struggles to get political power in United Kingdom. Topics discussed including most significant changes in its socio-economic and cultural environment, Labour's factional dispute in the 1980s to understand and respond to Thatcherite deindustrialisation and the effective embourgeoisement of a significant part of the working class, and refining and applying a political-cultural analysis.

Scholars have recently shown renewed interest in the study of party‐interest group ties. According to previous studies, traditional ties between parties and organized interest are a matter of the past. Globalization, deindustrialization, and neoliberalism have posed serious challenges to their survival. Recent contributions suggest that, while these ties are indeed weaker than before, they have not disappeared. How do parties and groups protect their ties? This paper attempts to provide a partial, though often neglected, answer: their relationship survives when both actors work together to protect it. While previous literature identified regulatory policies, such as ethics and transparency regulations, as detrimental to party‐group ties, their introduction is erroneously treated as independent from these ties. Through a comparative case study of the introduction of lobbying laws in Austria, Australia, and Ireland, this paper suggests that parties and groups shape the content of lobbying regulations in such a way to protect their relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]