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This study intended to analyze the effects of body weight control by the diet, training adaptation, and gut microbiota metabolites of wrestlers in the week leading up to competition. According to the weight difference of wrestlers from the target weight 1 wk before the competition, those whose weight control effectiveness is less than 2 kg were classified as the CW group, whereas more than 2 kg were classified as the CnW group. The body weight, body composition, and diet of wrestlers were recorded; urine samples were taken for standard urine testing, and stool samples were collected for the analysis of gut microbiota and metabolites. The data showed that the relative values of carbohydrate and fat energy in the CnW group were significantly higher than those of the CW group, but the relative values of protein energy were significantly lower. The white blood cells, occult blood, and protein appeared in urine in the CnW group. The microbiota with higher abundance values in the CnW group were positively correlated with the relative value of carbohydrate energy, while the abundance value of Streptococcus was negatively correlated, and the functional prediction of differential bacteria was related to riboflavin and selencompound metabolism. The differential metabolites of CW/CnW group were functionally enriched in the processes of lipid and amino acid metabolism. Overall, the extent of weight control in wrestlers was correlated with sensible dietary patterns, adaptability to training load, and distinct gut microbiota and metabolites. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The purpose of this study is to observe the differences in precompetition diet structure, adaptability to training, gut microbiota, and metabolites of wrestlers with different weight control effects and analyze the correlation between them, aiming to provide scientific guidance and advice on weight control for wrestlers.

Abstract Aim This study examined the effects of a 12‐week school‐based “We Fit” weight control programme. Design A nonequivalent control group was used, with a non‐synchronized pretest–posttest design. Methods In total, 109 Korean high school adolescents participated. The programme comprised exergaming, diet diary and counselling, health education, and social networking service‐based group discussions. Anthropometric factors, physiological factors and physical activity (daily steps and sitting time) were measured in the intervention and the control groups before and after the intervention. Programme satisfaction was assessed post‐intervention. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics; the chi‐square, Mann–Whitney U and t tests; and generalized estimating equations. Results The intervention group showed a significantly decreased waist circumference, increased skeletal muscle mass, increased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, decreased low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and reduced weekend sitting time. Conclusion This study adds to the evidence for the applicability and effectiveness of healthy weight control programmes using exergames for adolescents in school settings.

Background: Body image perceptions and satisfaction are known to influence health behaviors; however, data on body image concerns in medical students, especially in the Middle East, are scarce, with no studies on the differences in body image perceptions and satisfaction across the years of medical training. Objectives: The objective was to study the body image concerns and weight control behaviors among medical students in a private medical college in Oman and analyze differences among various groups of medical students (premedical, preclinical, and clinical). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among students of a private medical college in Oman. Information regarding their body image perceptions, image satisfaction, and attempts to control weight was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire. Students' responses on self-reported body mass index (BMI), perceived body image, body image satisfaction, and weight control measures were collected, tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted. Results: A total of 351 medical students participated in the study (mean age of 21.56 ± 2.2 years, mean BMI of 22.7 ± 4.3 kg/m2, 87.7% females), of these 129 (36.8%), 112 (31.9%), and 110 (31.3%) students belonged to the premedical, preclinical, and clinical years, respectively. There were 226 (64.4%) students with normal BMI, 43 (12.3%) were underweight, and 82 (23.3%) overweight/obese. Incorrect image perceptions were observed in 204 (58.1%). One hundred and nine students (31.1%) were dissatisfied with their body image and 245 (69.5%) attempted to lose weight (earlier/currently). Perceived body image and body image satisfaction were significantly associated (P < 0.001); however, there was no association of body image perceptions/image dissatisfaction with self-reported BMI. Weight control measures such as exercise, calorie restriction, fasting, crash diet, and liquid diet were noted. Attempts to change weight were significantly related to students' perceived image (P < 0.001) and body image satisfaction (P = 0.011) but not to their self-reported BMI. No differences were found between students belonging to premedical, preclinical, and clinical years with respect to their body image perceptions, image satisfaction, BMI, attempts to change weight, and weight control methods (except fasting). Conclusions: Results indicate that body image misperceptions (58.1%) and image dissatisfaction (31.1%) exist among our medical students from Oman. Exposure to the knowledge of body image issues and eating disorders during their medical training did not positively impact their image perceptions/image satisfaction and weight control attempts across the years of study. This underlines the need to revise the medical curriculum through the introduction of awareness modules and psychoeducation sessions focusing on body image issues and healthy weight control behaviors.

BACKGROUND: Eating disorders (EDs) are associated with a risk of premature death, as well as suicidal and self-injurious behavior. A low or high body mass index (BMI) and weight control behavior can also have an impact on self-injurious and suicidal behavior. While some studies show that interpersonal sensitivity is a risk factor for EDs, affective disorders, and self-injurious behavior, in-depth studies of these issues have not been done. AIM: The present study investigates how self-injurious and suicidal behavior relate to weight control behavior, BMI, and interpersonal sensitivity in adolescent girls from a clinical population with diagnosed EDs compared with adolescent girls from the general population. METHODS: The main group was comprised of 31 girls with a diagnosis of ED (as the main diagnosis or co-occurring with affective disorders, M=15±1.13 years), being treated in in the Eating Disorder Clinic of the Scientific and Practical Center for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents named after G.E. Sukhareva. The comparison group consisted of 27 adolescent girls recruited from Proton Educational Center (M=15.51±1.09 years). The measures included a qualitative survey that yielded data on weight control behavior, and self-injurious behavior, a Blitz questionnaire probing the suicide risk (used only in the main group), and the Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure. Height and weight data were also recorded for BMI calculation. RESULTS: The qualitative analysis of weight control behavior yielded the following results: purging behavior, restrictive behavior, and corrective behavior. Participants in the main group used purging and restrictive behavior more often, whereas participants in the comparison group used strategies associated with a healthy lifestyle. The main group and participants who practiced purging and restrictive weight control in the overall sample had the smallest BMI. Self-injurious behavior was approximately evenly distributed both amongst the main and comparison groups. Self-cutting was the most prevalent type of self-injury. In the main group, self-injury was associated with a smaller BMI, while in the comparison group it was associated with an increase in the fear of rejection and overall interpersonal sensitivity. Based on the assessment of the suicide risk, six participants in the main group were deemed high-risk; they also displayed increased fear of rejection, dependence on the assessments of others, and overall interpersonal sensitivity. All girls in the suicide risk subgroup had non-suicidal self-injuries. CONCLUSION: The results of our study broaden our understanding of the risk factors of suicidal and self-injurious behavior in adolescent girls with EDs and reveal the characteristics of the type of weight control behavior used by this group in comparison with adolescent girls in the general population. Girls with EDs who were considered at the risk of committing suicide demonstrated high interpersonal sensitivity, which provides a rationale for further studying the general interpersonal mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of EDs, as well as that of self-injurious and suicidal behavior.

Abstract Background People with physical disabilities (PWD) have an increased risk of obesity and related comorbidities compared with people without physical disabilities (PWoD). Previously identified contributors to weight loss maintenance pose challenges to PWD. However, it is not known if PWD experience less success in weight management. Methods Six hundred and nine participants in the International Weight Control Registry (IWCR) were eligible for this analysis (PWD, n = 174; PWoD, n = 435). Self‐reported weight history metrics were compared using general linear models. Perceived weight history category was compared using Chi‐squared tests. Importance of diet and physical activity strategies for weight management were compared using Wilcoxon rank‐signed tests. Results PWD reported higher current body mass index (BMI) (36.1 ± 0.7 vs. 31.0 ± 0.5; p

Abstract Background Parents are increasingly pursuing weight loss in medical weight management programs, yet little is known about the presenting behaviors and practices of children who have parents initiating these programs. Objective To describe congruence in weight control practices, sedentary and screen time behaviors, and family functioning and communication between parents initiating a medical weight management program and their children (ages 7–18). Methods Twenty‐three dyads were enrolled and had measured height/weight and research packets completed including perceived weight status, weight control practices, sedentary and screen‐time behaviors, and family functioning and communication. Paired t‐tests and intraclass correlations assessed congruence; independent t‐tests determined differences based on child demographics (age, sex, and weight status). Results Parents underestimated children's use of weight control practices compared to child reports. Children with overweight, males, and older in age had increased weight control practices and sedentary and screen‐time behaviors. Children who perceived themselves to have overweight reported more impaired family communication than children perceived to be a healthy weight. Conclusions This study highlights the discrepancy between dyads' reports of children's behaviors, and identifies that specific child populations with overweight, older in age, and males are at‐risk of experiencing less healthy behaviors and impaired family communication. Future research should monitor changes over time in parental weight management programs to determine effects based on parental weight loss.

Background: Noncombustible nicotine or tobacco product (NNTP) use, and cigarette smoking are associated with a high likelihood of unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCBs) among adolescents. However, no study has addressed the differences in UWCBs among non-users, single users of combustible cigarettes (CCs) or NNTPs and dual users. This study compared the frequencies of weight control behaviors according to the status of CC and NNTP use among Korean adolescents., Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 25,094 adolescents who had attempted to reduce or maintain their body weight during the past 30 days, using data from the 15th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2019. Data on the status of CC and NNTP use, weight status, and weight control behaviors were obtained using self-report questionnaires. Subjects were categorized into four groups: non-users, cigarette-only users, NNTP-only users, and dual users., Results: Among boys and girls, current smokers and NNTP users were 8.9%±0.3% and 5.5%±0.3%, and 4.2%±0.2% and 1.7%±0.1%, respectively. Among boys, NNTP-only users were more likely to engage in extreme weight control behaviors than non-users. Among girls, users of either CCs or NNTPs were more likely to engage in extreme weight control behaviors and less extreme weight control behaviors than non-users., Conclusion: This study shows that users of either CCs or NNTPs are more likely to engage in UWCBs, and NNTP-only users are the most likely to do so.

Hypothalamic obesity does not respond well to conventional interventions for obesity. GLP-1 receptor agonists have mechanisms independent of the hypothalamus which may be potentially beneficial for managing hypothalamic obesity. This systematic review summarizes the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists use in hypothalamic obesity. A PRISMA-compliant systematic review was performed. Data was extracted from included studies and analysed based on change in weight, body mass index, glycaemic control, satiety, and safety profile with GLP-1 receptor agonist use. Ten studies comprising 5 case reports, 4 case series and 1 randomized-controlled trial included 54 patients (24 males, 30 females) with mean age of 25.2 (range 13-71) years with hypothalamic obesity who had received GLP-1 receptor agonists (exenatide = 48, liraglutide = 5 and dulaglutide = 1) over a mean duration of treatment of 12 (range 3-51) months. Mean weight reduction of 7.4 (SD 7.92) kg was observed in patients in whom weight was reported, with 85.7% of patients experiencing weight loss. All patients on liraglutide had weight reduction post-therapy. The sole trial had reported a non-significant reduction in BMI post-exenatide. Glycaemic control had either improved/maintained in all patients in whom this was measured. The main side effects of GLP-1 receptor agonist in individuals with hypothalamic obesity were nausea and vomiting; there were no major safety concerns. Based on limited published experience, GLP-1RA may be effective and safe for weight control in hypothalamic obesity, with the added benefit of improved glycaemic control in those with concurrent diabetes mellitus., (© 2024 World Obesity Federation.)

Abstract Background Holidays are challenging for weight control and are consistently associated with weight gain. Managing holiday weight gain may be especially difficult for individuals with higher body weight or a history of overweight/obesity. The current study evaluated how individuals with a history of successful weight loss plan for the holiday season and how the use of weight control strategies was associated with weight change. Methods A subgroup of participants in the National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) were asked to complete a survey before (November) and after the holidays (January). At pre‐holiday, participants reported height, weight, and weight goals for the holiday season (lose, maintain, minimize gains, or gain), and selected the top three weight control strategies they planned to use (from a list of 18). Post‐holiday, participants reported weight and how often (frequently, infrequently, or not at all) they used each of the 18 strategies throughout the holidays. Results Individuals who completed both surveys were included in the analysis (n = 683; 69% female, 93% white, 54.6 years [SD: 13.2], 26.9 kg/m2 [SD: 5.5]). Pre‐holiday, 64% of participants were currently trying to lose weight. Only 35% of the sample wanted to continue losing weight during the holiday season. The most common strategies individuals planned to use during the holiday season were evidence based (maintaining exercise, monitoring portions, tracking foods, and self‐weighing). Participants gained 0.66 kg (SD: 1.85) from pre‐ to post‐holiday and reported using an average of 12/18 strategies. A greater number of strategies were associated with less weight gain (F[1, 670] = 4.28, p = 0.04). Daily self‐weighing (p = 0.03) and prioritizing food choices (p = 0.02) were individually associated with less weight gain. Discussion Participants in the NWCR entered the holiday season with a variety of goals for their weight and used many different strategies to control their weight. Having a wider range of strategies may be helpful to navigate the challenges to weight control during the holidays.

IntroductionObesity is recognized as a chronic low-grade inflammation associated with intestinal flora imbalance, leading to dyslipidemia and inflammation. Modern research has found that polyphenols have anti-obesity effects. However, the mechanism of action of raspberry leaf extract (RLE) with high polyphenols in regulating obesity is still unknown. This study investigated the improvement effect of supplementing RLE on high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity in mice.MethodsRLE was used to intervene in HFD induced C57BL/6J male mice during prevention stage (1-16 weeks) and treatment stage (17-20 weeks). Their weight changes and obesity-related biochemical indicators were measured. The changes in intestinal flora were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing, and finally the targets and pathways of the 7 typical polyphenols (quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, ellagic acid, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, chlorogenic acid, brevifolin carboxylic acid, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, and quercetin) of RLE in the regulation of obesity were predicted by network pharmacology approach.Results and discussionThe results showed that RLE effectively prevented and treated weight gain in obese mice induced by HFD, alleviated adipocyte hypertrophy, reduced Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha levels, and improved intestinal flora, especially Muriaculaceae, Alistipes and Alloprevotella, and decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio. Network pharmacology analysis selected 60 common targets for 7 RLE polyphenols and obesity. Combined with protein-protein interaction network, enrichment analysis and experimental results, TNF, IL-6, AKT1, and PPAR were predicted as potential key targets for RLE polyphenols.ConclusionThe potential mechanism by which polyphenol-rich RLE regulates obesity may be attributed to the specific polyphenols of RLE and their synergistic effects, therefore RLE has a great anti-obesity potential and may be used as a means to alleviate obesity and related diseases.

Dietary intake is known to impact athletic performance. The factors that influence dietary intake have been investigated widely, but their collective effect has not been examined. The primary aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between dietary intake and nutrition knowledge, body image, weight control, macronutrient balance, and hedonic hunger. Forty-two student athletes or active individuals were recruited through contact with sporting organisations and course coordinators, advertising via twitter, and flyers posted within university buildings. Nutrition knowledge, body image, weight control, macronutrient balance, and hedonic hunger were measured using the Abridged Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire, Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire and Contour Drawing Rating Scale, a Weight Fluctuation Measure, Australian Eating Score, and Power of Food Scale, respectively. Hierarchical regression analysis, correlation testing, and mean difference testing were applied. Carbohydrate intake, body image disturbance scores, weight fluctuation, and hedonic hunger for food tasted had a significant relationship (R2 = 64.6%, Adj R2 = 0.608%, p < 0.001) with dietary energy intake. Student athletes’ dietary intakes are influenced by multiple potentially modifiable factors. Future studies should use larger sample sizes, with interventions focusing on individual modifiable factors to determine how dietary intake can be most significantly impacted.

This scoping review assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of general practitioners (GPs) regarding dietary advice for weight management. A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and MEDLINE was conducted for any qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies published in the past five years that informed GPs’ dietary advice for weight control. Thirteen studies were included in the analysis after screening 881 papers. These studies tended to focus mostly on GPs’ practices rather than their knowledge and attitudes. The most frequently mentioned dietary advice was to reduce calorie intake; however, 32 different types of dietary advice were identified in the literature, including approaches such as intermittent fasting and a ketogenic diet that are not recommended in current guidelines. GPs showed varying levels of knowledge and attitudes regarding the best dietary advice for patients. Further research is needed to better understand GP perspectives, with efforts to assist GPs in providing tailored advice based on the latest evidence to improve patient outcomes required.

The purpose of this study was to test a mediating model whereby competitiveness among females for mates affects body dissatisfaction and dysfunctional diet and exercise through its influence on social comparison and fear of being negatively evaluated by others. The hypothesized model draws from several empirical models, including the sexual competition hypothesis and the tripartite influence model. Approximately 218 female college students completed an online survey. Most participants were heterosexual, White, and between the ages of 19 and 20. The proposed model was tested with MPlus 8.0 using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). The hypothesized model was a good fit to the data, revealing both direct and indirect paths that were positive and statistically significant. The results suggest that body dissatisfaction may be intensified in environments such as schools wherein peer competition for mates is high and where adolescent females may feel that they cannot successfully compete. They may experience feelings of inadequacy about their bodies, which may result in the adoption of dysfunctional diets, exercise, or other practices that may be unhealthy and potentially life threatening in an effort to change their physical appearance.

ObjectiveLong-term acupoint stimulation (LAS), also called embedding acupuncture, is a modified acupuncture technique. The preliminary results have demonstrated its efficacy in body-weight control. However, the low quality of available trials limited its application. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LAS in body-weight control by using a randomized, parallel, sham-controlled clinical trial design.MethodsThis was a randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial including 84 adult participants (18–60 years) with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 24 kg/m2 conducted in three general hospitals in Shanghai, China. Participants were equally assigned to receive LAS or sham LAS (SLAS) once per 10 days, eight times in total. After completion, an additional intervention with a 3-month follow-up period was set to examine the continued effect of LAS. The primary outcome was the change in body weight from baseline to treatment endpoint within the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Secondary outcomes contained changes in waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), lipid metabolism, and visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues.ResultsFrom 14 May 2018 to 03 November 2019, 84 participants out of 201 screened individuals met the eligibility criteria, were randomized, and were analyzed (42 participants in each group). From baseline to treatment endpoint, the body-weight reduction in the LAS group was significantly larger than in the sham control (net difference: 1.57 kg, 95% CI: 0.29–2.86, p = 0.012). The superior weight reduction effect persisted in the follow-up period (net difference: 3.20 kg, 95% CI: 1.17–5.21, p = 0.001). LAS therapy also showed improvement in triglyceride and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) compared with sham control. One participant in the LAS group reported a slightly uncomfortable and tingling sensation after the additional intervention. No other adverse events (AEs) were documented.ConclusionLAS, a modified acupuncture technique, is safe and effective in body-weight control. It could be used as an alternative choice to classical acupuncture for obesity management.Clinical Trial Registration[www.chictr.org.cn], identifier [ChiCTR1800015498].

Abstract Background Overweight or obesity is common in endometrial cancer (EC). This study aimed to examine sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial characteristics associated with being discontent with current weight and use of weight control methods among long‐term EC survivors. Methods Women diagnosed with early‐stage EC who participated in the Laparoscopic Approach to Cancer of the Endometrium (LACE) trial (n = 516) were invited to complete a long‐term follow‐up survey at least 4.5 years after treatment. Chi‐square test and multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for time since surgery were used to determine factors associated with being discontent with current weight. Results On average 9 years after surgery, 190/259 (73%) of participants were currently discontent with their weight, and 146 (56%) had used one or more weight loss methods during the past 12 months. Women who were discontent with their weight were more likely to be younger than 70 years (p

Abstract Obesity is the most common health concern all over the world. However, till now, there is no promising way to manage obesity or body‐weight control. The aim of the study is to develop an edible gel as a health supplement that temporarily attaches to the mucus of the intestines, forming an absorption barrier to block the nutrients. We modify the alginate with the thiol group as thiolated alginate (TA) that may stay on the mucosa layer for a much longer time to reduce nutrient absorption. In this study, the TA is synthesized successfully and proved a good mucosal adhesion to serve as a barrier for nutrient absorption both in vitro and in vivo. The results of in vivo imaging system (IVIS) show that the synthesized TA can be exiled from the gastrointestinal tract within 24 h. The animal study shows that the TA by daily oral administration can effectively reduce body weight and fat deposition. The biosafety is evaluated in vitro at the cellular level, based on ISO‐10993, and further checked by animal study. We do believe that the TA could have a greater potential to be developed into a safe health supplement to manage obesity and for body‐weight control.

Background: Obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation, provoking many different diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is a chronic-degenerative disease characterized by increased blood glucose levels. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are currently considered public health problems, and their prevalence has increased over the last few years. Because of the high cost involved in the treatment of both diseases, different alternatives have been sought. However, the general population uses medicinal plants, in the form of tea or infusions, to treat different diseases. Therefore, traditional medicine using medicinal plants has been investigated as a possible treatment for type 2 diabetes and body weight control. Aim of the study: The purpose of this review is to find medicinal plants used in Mexico that could exert their beneficial effect by regulating insulin secretion and body weight control. Material and method: For the development of this review, Mexican plants used in traditional medicine to treat type 2 diabetes and body weight control were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria include plants that presented a significant reduction in blood glucose levels and/or an increase in insulin secretion. Results: We found 306 Mexican plants with hypoglycemic effects. However, plants that did not show evidence of an increase in insulin secretion were eliminated. Finally, only five plants were included in this review: Momordica charantia L. (melón amargo), Cucurbita ficifolia bouché (chilacayote), Coriandrum sativum L. (cilantro), Persea americana Mill. (aguacate) Bidens pilosa (amor seco), including 39 articles in total. Here, we summarized the plant extracts (aqueous and organic) that have previously been reported to present hypoglycemic effects, body weight control, increased secretion and sensitivity of insulin, improvement of pancreatic β cells, and glucose tolerance. Additionally, these effects may be due to different bioactive compounds present in the plants’ extracts. Conclusion: Both in vivo and in vitro studies are required to understand the mechanism of action of these plant extracts regarding insulin secretion to be used as a possible treatment for type 2 diabetes and body weight control in the future.

Weight control through dietary management is becoming increasingly common worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the dietary intake and diet quality between Chinese adults with and without weight-control behaviors. Data were collected from the China National Nutrition Survey 2002, 2012, and 2015. Dietary intake was assessed using a combination of 24 h dietary recall of three consecutive days and a weighing method. Diet quality was calculated based on China healthy diet index (CHDI). A total of 167,355 subjects were included, of which 11,906 (8.0%) adults reported attempting to control weight within the past 12 months. Participants with weight control had lower daily total energy intake, as well as lower percentages of energy from carbohydrates, low-quality carbohydrates, and plant protein, but higher percentages of energy from protein, fat, high-quality carbohydrates, animal protein, saturated fatty acids, and monounsaturated fatty acids than those without weight control. Additionally, the CHDI score in the weight-control group was higher than those without (53.40 vs. 48.79, p < 0.001). Fewer than 40% of participants in both groups met the requirement for all specific food groups. Chinese adults who reported weight-control behaviors had an energy-restricted diet characterized by reduced carbohydrate intake and overall higher diet quality compared with those without dietary-control behaviors. However, both groups had significant room for improvement in meeting dietary recommendations.

Abstract Background The pre-pregnancy weight and gestational weight gain (GWG) are closely related to perinatal maternal and infant complications, but the relationship between pre-pregnancy weight and GWG and the pattern of interaction have not been reported. This study investigated the influence of weight control during pregnancy on the perinatal maternal and infant outcomes. Methods A total of 835 singleton pregnant women who were hospitalized between January 2018 and December 2018 were retrospectively included in this study and divided into two groups: the diet guidance (DG) group (n = 167) and the control group (n = 668). The pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), GWG, and perinatal outcomes of the women and infants were determined in two groups. Results The dietary modification and reasonable exercise during pregnancy effectively reduced the GWG, and even some women with pre-pregnancy obesity achieved weight loss during pregnancy. The GWG in the DG group was significantly lower than in the control group, especially in the second and third trimesters. GWG was positively related to birth weight. The birth weight in the DG group was significantly lower than in the control group when their mothers had similar GWG. In women with pre-pregnancy obesity, GWG seemed to be negatively related to birth weight. However, after adjusting the mean BMI, the pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG were positively related to the birth weight. Compared with the control group, the incidences of dystocia, postpartum hemorrhage, macrosomia, small for gestational age infants and neonatal complications significantly reduced in the DG group, and the preterm birth rate was comparable between two groups. Some women with pre-pregnancy obesity lose weight during pregnancy, but there was no premature birth or small for gestational age infant. The incidences of macrosomia, postpartum hemorrhage, dystocia, cesarean section and gestational diabetes increased significantly with the increase of pre-pregnancy BMI. Conclusion For women with increased pre-pregnancy BMI, strict weight control is required to reduce obesity-related complications of the mother and infant. The weight control in the second and third trimesters is especially important and most likely to prevent GWG. Compared with GWG, pre-pregnancy BMI has greater influence on the birth weight and maternal and infant complications, and may even compromise the benefits of weight control during pregnancy. Thus, weight control is recommended before pregnancy.