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The current research is aimed to study the indicators of post reform growth in insurance and its impact on economic development in India. Insurance penetration, insurance density, and gross domestic savings are the dominant measures to study the growth of insurance. Economic development is studied through Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The annual data of 22 years (year 2001 to 2022) from IRDA annual reports and economic surveys have been used. To analyse the data, ARDL technique has been employed. The findings of the study revealed that there is an existence of co-integration (both long-run and short-run) amongst the dependent (GDP) as well as independent variables (indicators of insurance). The findings of the current study have come up with the view that still in insurance, there is an ample scope to tap by creating more awareness and providing more benefits to the policyholders as the intention to purchase the policies may be enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is the foundation of Odisha's economy and it continues to be the backbone of the state. The state was recognized for its commendable agricultural production and abundant natural resources. Extensive water reservoirs, forests, substantial rainfall, and a sufficient surplus of labor were pivotal elements that play a significant role in fostering agricultural growth and development. The present research concentrates on the agricultural sector which plays a crucial role in shaping overall Gross Value Added (GVA) of the state and also highlights the study of agricultural sub sectors namely crop, livestock, forestry & logging, fishing & aqua culture. The principle of Pareto's 80/20 rule is used to identify the 20% Vital few agricultural sub sectors (VFS) which contribute 80% to total GVA. Thus by promoting the GVA of these VFS sectors the remaining 80% of agricultural sub sectors contributing 20% to the total GVA will automatically be benefited. The objective is to scrutinize, compare, and forecast data pertaining to the contributions of the agricultural sub sectors to Odisha's GVA spanning from 2011-12 to 2021-22. The GVA data were extracted from the Odisha Economic Survey 2021-22. Additionally, various statistical tools and tests, including analysis of variance, F-test, trend analysis, linear regression analysis, were adopted to derive meaningful insights and to formulate various policy measures for the development of the vital few agricultural sub sectors. Despite a 27% contribution to the Gross Value Added (GVA), significant disparities among sub-sectors were identified, necessitating targeted interventions. Recommendations include investing in irrigation infrastructure, promoting crop diversification, providing modern training, supporting small-scale farmers, improving market connections, and embracing sustainable practices. Addressing these disparities could unleash the sector's full potential, fostering sustainable development and empowering farming communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We combine two dominant approaches to studying how issues influence elections: one that emphasizes parties' issue positions, and the other parties' issue ownership. Research from the latter approach shows that voters ascribe greater economic competence to right-wing parties. Based on this finding, we argue that parties enhance their economic issue ownership when voters perceive them shifting to the right. In the following step, we show that perceived rightward shifts of parties also lead to subsequent increases in electoral support. We analyze economic ownership survey data and election outcomes in 15 democracies over the period 1986–2015 that supports the expectations that parties' perceived rightward shifts result in increases in economic ownership and subsequent vote shares. We also show that the right-shift vote gains are strongest during recessions when voters prioritize parties' economic competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We identify internal migration flows between Chilean regions and analyse migrants' economic mobility. A data pool from National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey (CASEN) surveys was used to determine migrants' economic position according to their income quintile. Internal migrants were matched with non-migrants of similar status from their region of origin to compare their economic mobility. Results show that the majority of internal migrants did not achieve economic advancement in the short and medium terms, which challenges the neoclassical and functionalist assumptions of a positive relationship between migration and social mobility. Finally, we identify three interregional elevators in Chile: the Austral, Norte Grande and Metropolitan macro-regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The IMPACT survey aimed to elucidate the humanistic, clinical and economic burden of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) on individuals with OI, their families, caregivers and wider society. Research methodology, demographics and initial insights from the survey have been previously reported. The cost of illness (healthcare resource use, productivity loss, out-of-pocket spending) and drivers of the economic impact of OI are reported here. Methods: IMPACT was an international mixed-methods online survey in eight languages (fielded July–September 2021) targeting adults (aged ≥ 18 years) or adolescents (aged ≥ 12–17 years) with OI, caregivers with or without OI and other close relatives. Survey domains included demographics, socioeconomic factors, clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, quality of life and health economics. The health economic domain for adults, which included questions on healthcare resource use, productivity loss and out-of-pocket spending, was summarised. Regression and pairwise analyses were conducted to identify independent drivers and associations with respondent characteristics. Results: Overall, 1,440 adults with OI responded to the survey. Respondents were mostly female (70%) and from Europe (63%) with a median age of 43 years. Within a 12-month period, adults with OI reported visiting a wide range of healthcare professionals. Two-thirds (66%) of adults visited a hospital, and one-third (33%) visited the emergency department. The mean total number of diagnostic tests undergone by adults within these 12 months was 8.0. Adults had undergone a mean total of 11.8 surgeries up to the time point of the survey. The proportions of adults using queried consumables or services over 12 months ranged from 18–82%, depending on the type of consumable or service. Most adults (58%) were in paid employment, of which nearly one-third (29%) reported missing a workday. Of the queried expenses, the mean total out-of-pocket spending in 4 weeks was €191. Respondent characteristics such as female sex, more severe self-reported OI and the experience of fractures were often associated with increased economic burden. Conclusion: IMPACT provides novel insights into the substantial cost of illness associated with OI on individuals, healthcare systems and society at large. Future analyses will provide insights into country-specific economic impact, humanistic impact and the healthcare journey of individuals with OI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study takes a comprehensive approach to the issue of Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEET), delving into the often overlooked role of social class disparities. By using a multilevel mixed-effects logistic model and data from the 2022 National Social Economic Survey (SUSENAS), it provides a robust exploration of the complex socioeconomic factors that shape the transition to adulthood among youth. This study contributes to understanding social stratification and its impact on NEET youth. The main finding underscores the protective role of social class against youth being NEET, revealing that adolescents from higher social class households are less likely to disengage from study or work compared to those from lower social classes. The analysis uncovers determinants of NEET youth, including, among others, being female, married, having higher education, and having a female-headed household. Meanwhile, protective factors of NEET youth include, among others, age, disability, residing in a household whose head is working, and residing in urban areas. Comparing estimation results across social classes reveals that individuals from the low social class have a significantly higher propensity to be NEET than those from the high social class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article surveys the economic policies pursued over the first decade of the Irish Free State. The Cumann na nGaedheal governments of W. T. Cosgrave are argued to have been more pragmatic than ideological in their approach and to have been more successful in their management of the economy than is generally realised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analysed gender disparities in Pakistan focusing on access to primary education and women's education in light of National Education policies from 1947 to 2017 to achieve universal primary education. This study aimed to trace the evolution of National Education policies (1947–2017) in the attainment of universal primary education and gender disparities in Primary education in Pakistan. A qualitative document analysis technique was employed to extract relevant data related to policy objectives, strategies, and targets of primary education, gender disparities, and women's education. The quantitative data was extracted from the Pakistan Economic Survey 2022–2023, Pakistan Education Statistics 2020–2021, and all National Census 1951, 1961, 1972, 1981, 1998, and 2017. The study found that education policies highlighted the importance of primary education but did not dedicate larger sections to women's education in the first 40 years. The recent education policies addressed the importance of women's education for achieving gender parity. These findings, which stem from a review of national education policies' documents, are in line with the findings drawn from the quantitative data extracted from authoritative reports which stated that significant gender disparities existed in the numbers of primary schools, access to primary education, and students' enrolments throughout the history of Pakistan. The study also found significant gender disparities in the number of primary schools per 100,000 children, with male students comparatively attending schools more than female students. The study found consistent gender disparities in primary education enrolment in Pakistan with notable progress in recent years but have not been able to eliminate these disparities. Gender disparity is evident in literacy rate, gross enrolment rate (GER), and net enrolment rate (NER). The study recommended that the revision of existing policies and formulation of new education policies should be based on comprehensive documentation on women's education and its impact on the economy, literacy rate, and universal primary education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent global financial crisis has also been widely characterized as a massive crisis of confidence. This article examines how economic surveys of well-being are deployed to maintain confidence in market institutions and activities. It argues that these economic surveys, which are ostensibly designed to measure confidence, happiness and other states of subjective well-being, are in fact responsible for enacting confidence among its respondents and the general public. The article employs a framework of ‘marketization’, connecting this framework to broader cultural studies of economics and economies that focus on the ways in which markets and the context in which they are received are ‘made’. Economic surveys work to create confidence in the current economic system by positing that positive social and cultural attitudes toward market activity are not merely related to but are actually responsible for market growth. As such, these surveys accomplish a double objective: they maintain economic expertise, infrastructures and devices as legitimate and necessary; and they maintain the notion that economic growth is central to the maintenance of social welfare and progress. The article concludes that the inculcation of confidence among individuals and institutions precludes the task of reflecting on and recognizing the inadequacy of the current economic situation and diminishes the seeming necessity for political action and reform. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]