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This book determines adjustable parameters in mathematical models that describe steady state or dynamic systems, presenting the most important optimization methods used for parameter estimation. It focuses on the Gauss-Newton method and its modifications for systems and processes represented by algebraic or differential equation models.

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'Second Edition expands and updates information on the technological aspects of refining heavy oils, residua, bitumen, and other high-sulfur feedstocks. Focuses on the range of next-generation refining processes.'

Offers state-of-the-art information on all the major synthetic fluids, describing established products as well as highly promising experimental fluids with commercial potential. This second edition contains chapters on polyinternalolefins, polymer esters, refrigeration lubes, polyphenyl ethers, highly refined mineral oils, automotive gear oils and industrial gear oils. The book also assesses automotive, industrial, aerospace, environmental, and commercial trends in Europe, Asia, South America, and the US.

The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum, Third Edition fully covers the subject, from the underground formation of petroleum to recovery of refined products. The third edition contains additional chapters on the structure of petroleum, refining heavy feedstocks, instability and incompatibility in petroleum products, environmental aspects of refin

This reference offers an overview of the bulk and surface properties of perovskite-like structures, and provides the latest discussions on the applications of these materials and processes. It also introduces ceramic methods for the processing of perovskite-derived high Tc cuprates.;Examining every available procedure for synthesizing high-surface-area perovskite oxides, this book: delineates processing techniques for preparing perovskite-derived high-critical-temperature superconductors; illustrates the relevance of physiochemical methods to investigate bulk and surface structures of perovskite compounds; explicates the importance of surface composition in the context of catalytic behaviour; summarizes methods of changing stoichiometry; shows how to design perovskite oxides for a given purpose; reviews key solid-state properties; and presents the major applications.

'Examines all known industrial processes using shape selective zeolites. Second Edition contains new, up-to-date information on the specific features that make zeolites shape selective, the role shape selective catalysis can play providing environmentally clean fuels, 12-membered oxygen ring systems, mesopore systems, and more.'

Provides insights into the composition of petroleum, especially its heavy ends, and presents a review of modern methods for the analysis of heavy petroleum fractions, which are viewed as refinery feedstocks. The concept of an atmospheric equivalent boiling point (AEBP) scale increasing the boiling range almost threefold and allowing for the description of all crude oil fractions is introduced.

Striking a balance between basic chemistry and chemical engineering, this up-to-date reference discusses important aspects of acetic acid and its major derivatives, including chemistry, methods of preparation and manufacture, and synthesis, as well as current and emerging downstream technologies.;The book provides comprehensive physical property da

This work presents a compilation of technical papers and poster synopses delivered at the 14th Conference on Catalysis of Organic Reactions. The book investigates current developments in the study of catalysis as it relates to organic synthesis, detailing industrial applications. It suggests cost-effective routes for the synthesis of valuable industrial and pharmaceutical chemicals.

Presents advances in the field of hydrocracking. The volume includes catalytic materials, reaction mechanisms and pathways, as well as hydrocracking processes and applications. It discusses hydrocracking processes and hydrocracking technology in catalytic dewaxing, resid upgrading, and fluid catalytic cracking feedstock improvement

'Covers the chemistry, process chemistry, technology, engineering, and economics of methane conversion, including its environmental impact and commercial exploitation. Begins with methane's availability and increasing importance as an environmentally acceptable natural resource alternative and feedstock.'

This work provides a practical, step-by-step guide to the preparation, production and operation of all commercially used catalysts, taking into account general safety considerations and up-to-date regulations from the Occupational Health Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency. This second edition contains updated and expanded material on the regeneration, reactivity and recovery of used catalysts; problems related to environmental catalysis; a unique CO oxidation catalyst; and more.;This work is intended for chemical, plant, automotive, petroleum, fuel and design engineers; and upper-level graduate and graduate students in these disciplines.

This handbook provides the theoretical and practical information necessary to explore new applications for Grignard reagents on a day-to-day basis, presenting a comprehensive overview of current research activities in Grignard chemistry. This book surveys specific reactions and applications of Grignard reagents, organized by type of substrate and t

The chemistry of platinum group metals is a rapidly expanding commercially important field. It is dominated by the catalytic properties of the metals. They are useful in petrochemical and general chemical plants and are becoming increasingly important as autocatalysts for pollution control. The book covers recent developments in the chemistry of the six platinum group metals, namely, platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and osmium. The material falls into three broad areas. Firstly, the occurrence, extraction and use of the metals, especially in catalysis, electrochemistry, energy and electronics. Secondly, organometallic and homogeneous catalytic chemistry and last but not least coordination chemistry including biochemistry and cancer therapy. The work is aimed at scientists in universities and in industry using any of the six platinum group metals in research. It will be useful for those studying the compounds of the metals themselves, and those considering to use either the metals or their complexes and catalysts in their experimental work.

Based on the papers and posters presented at the 15th Conference on Catalysis of Organic Reactions, this work covers developments in the study of catalysis as it relates to organic synthesis, emphasizing applications in industrial processes. Over 1000 bibliographic citations and over 250 tables, drawings, and photographs are provided. Theoretical and practical aspects of the field are highlighted.

'This useful reference offers in-depth coverage of current techniques for converting heavy oils and residues into more valuable distillates.Examines the chemistry of heavy hydrocarbon feeds and their properties important to engineering design, including phase behavior, reaction kinetics, and thermodynamic and transport characteristics!'

'Based on the American Chemical Society's Second Symposium on Advances in Hydrotreating Catalysts, held in Washington, D.C. Offers comprehensive coverage of the most recent progress in catalysis by transition metal sulfides for the creation of more environmentally safe catalysts and processes. Written by over 70 acclaimed experts from various field

This work is based on the proceedings of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers'Spring National Meeting in Houston, Texas, March 28 to April 1, 1993. It details various facets of residue upgrading and distillate hydrotreating, stressing the importance of selective catalysts in aromatics reduction. New aromatics saturation processes for the production of very low-aromatic distillates are introduced.

This volume provides an overview of the applications of modern solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to the study of catalysts, catalytic processes, species adsorbed on catalysts and systems relevant to heterogeneous catalysis. It characterizes the structure of catalytic materials and surfaces.

Offers detailed coverage of the perochemical applications of large-volume industrial gases. The text examines the factors that influence the cost of producing and delivering gases and the economic reasons for choosing specific manufacturing methods. It emphasizes the commercial areas that employ industrial gases as feedstocks.

This work details the technical, environmental and business aspects of current methanol production processes and presents recent developments concerning the use of methanol in transportation fuel and in agriculture. It is written by internationally renowned methanol experts from academia and industry.

Provides state-of-the-art information on all processes currently used to manufacture lubricant base oils and waxes-offering practical, timesaving solutions for specific on-the-job problems. Furnishes helpful lists of conversion factors, construction cost data, and process licensors, as well as a glossary of essential petroleum processing terms.