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Background Current guidelines to predicting 'poor' neurological outcome in post-arrest unconscious adults have not previously been analysed in detail and, authoritative guidance to prediction of 'good' neuroprognosis does not exist. Methods A narrative appraisal of guideline statements and presented clinical indices of 'poor' neuroprognosis and, a systematic review of reported bedside indicators of 'good' outcome. Results The overall quality of neuroprognostication studies is low. Current neuroprognostication guidelines focus exclusively on predicting 'poor' outcome of post-CA unconsciousness by static clinical and/or paraclinical tests 3-5 days after ROSC and yield indirect evidence only. The approach is weakened also because acknowledged 'poor' outcome signs can be indistinguishable from features of natural brain revival towards intact neurological survival. Guidelines do not address 'good' outcome indicators. Twenty-one studies on 'good' outcome parameters were identified. Eleven were of low or very low quality of evidence and ten studies poorer. Inclusion of individuals about-to or already-awake presumably biased 12 studies. However, the order, recovery rate and linkage of clinical features seem essential for monitoring and predicting the brain resuscitation course after cardiopulmonary arrest. Unconscious patients likely to make 'good' recoveries can be discerned from those with 'poor' neuro-perspectives by cranial nerve reflex findings during BLS and within 60 min from ROSC or by the results of cranial nerve reflex-, motor responses to 'pain'- and EEG investigations within the first few hours from ROSC. Patient's neurological performances or quality of life scores at best after awakening seem rational prognostication endpoints. Conclusion Serial bedside investigations deployed within minutes to a few hours during unconsciousness and longitudinal surveillance of patient's neurological faculties and quality of life scores after awakening are suggested to improve neuroprognostication in adults resuscitated from cardiopulmonary arrest.

The LifeWind project analyzed the inputs of several stakeholders and formulated procedures for extending the operational life of wind turbines. The following definitions for life extension were formulated:• Design lifetime: The time period used in the strength verification of the turbine during its design process as per IEC 61400-1 (IEC 61400-1, 2019).• Lifetime extension: Additional period beyond the original design lifetime that the turbine is operational.• Remaining Useful Life: Additional period from the present for which the turbine may be operated within an acceptable reliability.• Operating life: Lifetime from commissioning to decommissioning of the wind turbine or wind farm.• Safety: Prevention of failure which can result in risk of human injury or social or economic consequences or is in violation of local regulations.Inspections on several operating wind turbines were made both offshore and onshore and included Vestas V80, V52, V67, Bonus 1 MW and Nordtank turbines. The main inspections points were focused on bolts, blade erosion and effective repair of faults found in past inspection reports. Based on the findings made from the inspected 8 wind turbines, it was concluded that the design-lifetime of 20 years can be extended. Specific tools for the determination of tension in tower bolts were tested and found to be effective in measuring remaining tension of bolts as conducive for life extension.Operational measurements as obtained from SCADA for several wind farms were analyzed along with the aeroelastic design basis of the turbines to predict life consumption within a wind farm. The prediction of damage consumption is based on training neural networks with input SCADA based measurements.The neural networks reproduce time series of loads wind turbine structures within a wind farm. The predicted loads using the measured mean SCADA signals is validated both with measured loads on a single turbine and with measured power standard deviation as a proxy for loads within large wind farms in complex terrain. The ability to use generic aeroelastic design basis to scale existing turbine design data to different turbine capacities and thereby simulate the damage consumption on those turbines is also shown.The existing standards (ISO, Eurocode etc.) relevant for the extension of life of wind turbines were examined and a sufficient list of applicable standards and key procedures therein were identified. For decisions on life extension for wind turbines, it is proposed that they be based on a cost-benefit approach, as this will result in economically responsible decisions for the interest of both the owners of the wind turbines and for the society. This might lead to lower target reliability levels than was used in the original design.Based on the above a detailed list of recommendations was formulated as input to the IEC 61400-28 standard that is presently under development for life extension of wind turbines. The LifeWind project analyzed the inputs of several stakeholders and formulated procedures for extending the operational life of wind turbines. The following definitions for life extension were formulated:• Design lifetime: The time period used in the strength verification of the turbine during its design process as per IEC 61400-1 (IEC 61400-1, 2019).• Lifetime extension: Additional period beyond the original design lifetime that the turbine is operational.• Remaining Useful Life: Additional period from the present for which the turbine may be operated within an acceptable reliability.• Operating life: Lifetime from commissioning to decommissioning of the wind turbine or wind farm.• Safety: Prevention of failure which can result in risk of human injury or social or economic consequences or is in violation of local regulations.Inspections on several operating wind turbines were made both offshore and onshore and included Vestas V80, V52, V67, Bonus 1 MW and Nordtank turbines. The main inspections points were focused on bolts, blade erosion and effective repair of faults found in past inspection reports. Based on the findings made from the inspected 8 wind turbines, it was concluded that the design-lifetime of 20 years can be extended. Specific tools for the determination of tension in tower bolts were tested and found to be effective in measuring remaining tension of bolts as conducive for life extension.Operational measurements as obtained from SCADA for several wind farms were analyzed along with the aeroelastic design basis of the turbines to predict life consumption within a wind farm. The prediction of damage consumption is based on training neural networks with input SCADA based measurements.The neural networks reproduce time series of loads wind turbine structures within a wind farm. The predicted loads using the measured mean SCADA signals is validated both with measured loads on a single turbine and with measured power standard deviation as a proxy for loads within large wind farms in complex terrain. The ability to use generic aeroelastic design basis to scale existing turbine design data to different turbine capacities and thereby simulate the damage consumption on those turbines is also shown.The existing standards (ISO, Eurocode etc.) relevant for the extension of life of wind turbines were examined and a sufficient list of applicable standards and key procedures therein were identified. For decisions on life extension for wind turbines, it is proposed that they be based on a cost-benefit approach, as this will result in economically responsible decisions for the interest of both the owners of the wind turbines and for the society. This might lead to lower target reliability levels than was used in the original design.Based on the above a detailed list of recommendations was formulated as input to the IEC 61400-28 standard that is presently under development for life extension of wind turbines.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fractional flow reserve (FFR)–guided revascularization compared with culprit-only percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) on infarct size, left ventricular (LV), function, LV remodeling, and the presence of nonculprit infarctions. Background: Patients with STEMI with multivessel disease might have improved clinical outcomes after complete revascularization compared with PCI of the infarct-related artery only, but the impact on infarct size, LV function, and remodeling as well as the risk for periprocedural infarction are unknown. Methods: In this substudy of the DANAMI-3 (Third Danish Trial in Acute Myocardial Infarction)–PRIMULTI (Primary PCI in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Multivessel Disease: Treatment of Culprit Lesion Only or Complete Revascularization) randomized trial, patients with STEMI with multivessel disease were randomized to receive either complete FFR-guided revascularization or PCI of the culprit vessel only. The patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging during index admission and at 3-month follow-up. Results: A total of 280 patients (136 patients with infarct-related and 144 with complete FFR-guided revascularization) were included. There were no differences in final infarct size (median 12% [interquartile range: 5% to 19%] vs. 11% [interquartile range: 4% to 18%]; p = 0.62), myocardial salvage index (median 0.71 [interquartile range: 0.54 to 0.89] vs. 0.66 [interquartile range: 0.55 to 0.87]; p = 0.49), LV ejection fraction (mean 58 ± 9% vs. 59 ± 9%; p = 0.39), and LV end-systolic volume remodeling (mean 7 ± 22 ml vs. 7 ± 19 ml; p = 0.63). New nonculprit infarction occurring after the nonculprit intervention was numerically more frequent among patients treated with complete revascularization (6 [4.5%] vs. 1 [0.8%]; p = 0.12). Conclusions: Complete FFR-guided revascularization in patients with STEMI and multivessel disease did not affect final infarct size, LV function, or remodeling compared with culprit-only PCI.

Dette prosjektet omhandler Fischer-Tropsch syntese over cobolt-baserte katalysatorer. Tolv eksperimenter ble utført i en to-reaktor rigg ved en rekke reaksjonsbetingelser, med formål om å innhente eksperimentell data til modellering og tilpasning av en mekanistisk modell for Fischer-Tropsch syntese. Totalt 3500 timer med eksperimenter ble gjennomført hvor effektene av syntesegassammensetning, temperatur, reaksjonstid, eksternt tilsatt vann og regenerering ble undersøkt. To katalysatorer ble testet, en syntetisert på laboratoriet ved våtimpregnering og en kommersiell type katalysator anskaffet fra Equinor – begge med formulering 20%Co0.5%Re/γ-Al2O3. Katalysatorene ble karakterisert ved røntgendiffraksjon, N2-fysisorpsjon, H2-kjemisorpsjon og temperaturprogrammert reduksjon, og siden resultatene for de separate katalysatorene kun viste små forskjeller i katalytiske egenskaper var det derfor forventet at de også ville vise omtrent lik ytelse i Fischer-Tropsch–sammenheng. Det ble imidlertid observert forskjeller i både selektivitet og robusthet overfor deaktivering. Gitt at de to katalysatorene hadde samme formulering ble det foreslått at de observerte forskjellene kunne tilegnes forskjellige forhold under katalysatorsyntese. Den kommersielle typen katalysator ble valgt for videre undersøkelse og eksperimenter ved forskjellige reaksjonsbetingelser ble utført. Disse forsøkene viste at kinetisk aktivitet, selektivitet og deaktiveringsgrad var avhengig av både temperaturen og fødegassammensetningen. Det ble også funnet at både temperatur og fødegassammensetning påvirket den kinetiske responsen til eksternt tilsatt vann, og derfor foreslått at reaksjonsbetingelsene i tillegg til poreegenskaper dikterer responsen. En lineær deaktiveringsfunksjon ble observert å være tilstrekkelig i korte eksperimenter (> 160 timer), mens deaktivering observert over lengre tidsrammer lignet en to-trinns deaktivering. Sintering ble foreslått som den viktigste deaktiveringsmekanismen i de tidlige stadier av operasjon, med en kombinasjon av reoksidasjon og karbonavleiring som de viktigste deaktiveringsmekanismene ved langsiktig drift. Et lineært forhold mellom temperaturen og deaktiveringsraten ble observert. Basert på den katalytiske aktiviteten i eksperimentene utført ved forskjellige temperaturer ble aktiveringsenergien for Fischer-Tropsch-syntese beregnet å være i området 90-95 kJ/mol. To regenereringsprosedyrer ble forsøkt på katalysatoren, men ingen nevneverdig forbedring av katalytisk aktivitet ble observert. Det beste resultatet ble oppnådd ved regenereringsprosedyren som innebar flushing av reaktorene ved driftstrykk- og temperatur før reduksjon, hvor en 15% økning i kinetisk aktivitet ble observert. På grunn av den dårlige effekten av regenerering ble det foreslått at en oksidativ regenereringsprosedyre hvor katalysatoren kalsineres før reduksjon ville gi et bedre resultat.