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Abstract Individuals' gender attitudes influence their behaviors, and adherence to traditional gender ideology is an important mechanism contributing to the (re)production of gender inequalities. In developed nations, the 'gender revolution' was accompanied by marked societal shifts towards gender-egalitarian attitudes, but these trends have recently stalled. In this paper, we re-examine the role of birth cohort and ageing in influencing gender ideology through the lens of life-course theory and leveraging British panel data. We contribute to the field by considering cohort-differences in ageing effects on gender ideology and documenting within-cohort variability in such effects. We find that (i) people from older cohorts hold comparatively more traditional gender attitudes, (ii) the effect of ageing on gender ideology is positive, (iii) there are cohort-differences in these ageing effects, (iv) gender-attitude trajectories are less predictable in younger than older cohorts, and (v) factors capturing life-course experience explain little of the cohort differences. Our findings highlight important avenues for future research on gender ideology change, and offer insights into the likely pace and direction of social movements towards gender egalitarianism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Residential relocations of couple households are associated with increases in objective gender inequality within families in paid and unpaid work. Little is known about how couples' relocations affect subjective outcomes such as attitudes. OBJECTIVE We examine whether gender role attitudes change when families move residentially in Britain, empirically addressing potential explanations. We also assess heterogeneity in outcomes by relocation distance and relocation motive. METHOD We use linear fixed-effects regression on a representative sample of 6,415 partnered women and 6,220 partnered men from the British Household Panel Survey (1991-2007). RESULTS Our results show that, on average, an individual's gender role attitudes were not significantly altered following a couple's relocation. As an exception, we find that when couples exclusively relocated for the female partner's job, men's gender role attitudes became more egalitarian post-relocation. Preliminary evidence also suggests that women's gender role attitudes are potentially affected by their exposure to residential contexts. CONTRIBUTION Despite widespread evidence regarding increases in objective gender inequality following couple relocations in Britain, our findings suggest that this does not permeate into subjective outcomes such as attitudes. Beyond expanding the knowledge on subjective sources of gender inequality that follow couples' relocations, our results also contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of change in gender role attitudes over the life course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The finding that homeowners own more non-housing wealth than tenants is well known. We examine whether the higher financial wealth of owners can be partly explained with increases in saving when becoming a homeowner in two distinct institutional contexts. Using longitudinal data for the UK (British Household Panel Survey) and Germany (Socio-Economic Panel Study), we find that homeowners save more and are financially wealthier than tenants. However, when controlling for time-constant selection into homeownership, upon entering homeownership households reduce their probability to save in Germany and reduce their average saving rate in Germany and the UK. For Germany, there is some evidence that processes of homemaking (family formation and home improvement) lead to less saving. For the UK, we find no evidence that increasing home equity over time discourages saving. Finally, tenants do not compensate for their lack of housing wealth by accumulating more non-housing wealth over time. This disadvantage for tenants seems more pronounced in the UK compared to Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND It is mostly assumed that both partners in couples own their homes jointly. We challenge this assumption and examine the individual ownership configurations within couples in Britain. We argue that the individual legal status as an owner will determine to what degree individuals can benefit from home ownership. OBJECTIVE Two research questions are addressed: (1) How frequent is home ownership by only one partner in a couple, i.e., sole home ownership, in Britain? (2) Which factors are associated with the transition into sole home ownership for partnered individuals?. METHODS Using longitudinal data from the British Household Panel Survey (1992-2008) and the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2010-2011), we apply logistic regression and discrete-time event history analyses. RESULTS We find that 8% of partnered individuals in owner-occupancy are sole homeowners. Many individuals become sole homeowners at union formation by remaining the owner of a pre-union home. A substantial share of partnered individuals become sole homeowners during their unions. Overall, transitions into sole home ownership are more likely after divorce, with more economic resources, with stepchildren living in the home, for cohabitants, and with shorter union durations. CONCLUSIONS Sole home ownership is partly an outcome of demographic processes such as increased union instability and more frequent cohabitation. In turn, sole home ownership may also impinge on these processes. For instance, sole home ownership may increase the risk of union dissolution compared to joint home ownership. This is one avenue for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A substantial body of evidence shows gender asymmetry in family migration, with women more likely to leave employment following migration than men. Gender ideologies, although yet not tested directly, have been proposed as one determinant for these asymmetries. Analyzing longitudinal data from the British Household Panel Survey (1991-2008) on 3,333 dual-earner couples with dyadic multilevel regression models, the author examined whether the association of family migration with subsequent employment is moderated by the gender ideologies of both partners. The existing literature is enriched by illustrating that women's gender ideologies do not moderate the association, but women with egalitarian partners are less likely to leave employment after family migration than those with traditional partners. No significant effects for men were found. Even after controlling for both partners' gender ideologies and relevant control variables, a substantial gender difference in the risk of leaving employment after family migration remains, meriting further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chances are high that not both partners in dual-earner couples stay in employment after long-distance moves, because jobs are distributed heterogeneously in space. Previous research shows that women are more likely to leave employment than men. I extend this literature by adding evidence from Germany and by comparing the effects of moves in Britain, West and East Germany with data from the BHPS and the SOEP. My results show that women in dual-earner couples are more likely to leave employment after moves in Britain and West Germany compared to stayers, while women in East Germany are not adversely affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]