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Class teachers in China have to take care of many student issues, such as academic achievement, morality cultivation, and class management. Drawing upon Margaret Archer's social morphogenesis approach, this study scrutinizes the dimensions of class teacher's professionalism and the general trajectories of class teacher's professional growth. The findings reveal that subject teaching skills work as the foundational competence for credibility, whereas communication and class management are higher-level competences. Empathy and guidance are the necessary abilities at the highest level. Self-reflexivity and the ability to seek institutional support, are crucial drivers for class teacher's growth across levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused extensive influence on the world's economy and society. Many industries suffer from enormous losses in China, while the construction industry achieves a "V' shape revival in performance. Based on an online survey of 283 Chinese civil engineers, this study reveals that the construction industry encountered difficulties of lack of workers, blocked transportation, shortage of materials, and inadequate funds, which led to common problems of schedule delay and cost overrun during the pandemic. Key measures to mitigate the impact of the pandemic and help the construction industry transit from survival to revival include efficient epidemic control, various government support, usage of digital technologies, and flexible management and communication schemes. These responding strategies imply that the government, the construction industry, and construction enterprises should improve information technology intelligence to meet the challenges of a global pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid advancement of the informatization process of China's construction industry, the requirements for the integration of engineering design and construction are getting higher and higher. The quality of engineering design and the level of design management directly affect the quality of construction. The emergence of the EPC (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction) model overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional contracting model, but it is still not ideal in terms of work integration and information transmission. BIM (building information modeling) is a collaborative process of creating, managing and exchanging information throughout the construction project. BIM has revolutionized the construction, engineering and construction (AEC) industry. This paper examines the problems related to current project design management in China and their causes. On the basis of summarizing the existing research on design management, it introduces a form of BIM integrating design BIM and construction BIM, so as to better depict the leading role of design in the construction process. By analyzing the changes in organizational management and communication methods brought about by BIM, this paper optimizes and innovates upon the traditional project design process in view of the problems in project practice. It advances BIM design work, increases detailed BIM design work and enables the downstream participants to intervene in the design stage, so as to develop a more smooth and efficient design workflow, which provides operable work detail guidance for BIM-based design management in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationships between consumer data vulnerability, peer privacy concerns and consumers' continued usage intention of sharing accommodation platforms, as well as the moderating effects of the various benefits perceived by consumers. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 327 consumers of sharing accommodation platforms in China. Partial least squares (PLS)-structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to test the research hypotheses. Findings: The results suggest that both consumer data vulnerability and peer privacy concerns have negative effects on consumer's continued usage intention of sharing accommodation platforms, which can be further mitigated by consumer perceived economic, social and emotional benefits. This study also finds that consumer data vulnerability has a positive effect on consumer's peer privacy concerns. Practical implications: This study gives that managers of sharing accommodation platforms a better understanding of how consumers respond to their data vulnerability on sharing accommodation platforms. In addition, this study also highlights the measures that platforms may employ to mitigate the negative influence of consumer data vulnerability and consumers' peer privacy concerns, as well as the measures to reduce consumers' peer privacy concerns. Originality/value: While previous studies mainly examined the driving forces of consumers' engagement in sharing accommodation, this study focuses on the impediment. With communication privacy management theory to explore the relationships between consumer data vulnerability, peer privacy concerns and continued usage intention of sharing accommodation platforms, as well as the moderating effects of consumers' perceived benefits, this study facilitates a more comprehensive understanding of consumers' engagement in sharing accommodation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study provides real-world evidence for the relationship between strategic communication from a global/multinational perspective and the effectiveness of corporate message strategies in the context of environment risk communication. Among sustainability issues, particulate matter (PM) air pollution has threatened the health and social wellbeing of citizens in many countries. The purpose of this paper is to apply the message framing and attribution theories in the context of sustainability communication to determine the effects of risk message characteristics on publics' risk responses. Design/methodology/approach: Using a 2 (message frame: gain vs loss) × 2 (attribution type: internal vs external) × 2 (country: China vs South Korea) between-subjects experimental design, the study examines the message framing strategies' on publics' risk responses (i.e. risk perception, risk responsibility attribution held toward another country and sustainable behavioral intention for risk prevention). Findings: Findings include (1) main effects of message characteristics on participants' risk responses; (2) the impact of country difference on participants' differential risk responses and (3) three-way interactions on how risk message framing, risk threats type and country difference jointly affect not only participants' risk perception and risk responsibility attribution but also their sustainable behavioral intention to prevent PM. Research limitations/implications: Although this study used young–adult samples in China and South Korea, the study advances the theory building in strategic environmental risk communication by emphasizing a global/multinational perspective in investigating differences among at-risk publics threatened by large-scale environmental risks. Practical implications: The study's findings provide evidence-based implications such as how government agencies can enhance the environmental risk message strategy so that it induces more desired risk communication outcomes among at-risk publics. Insights from our study offer practical recommendations on which message feature is relatively more impactful in increasing intention for prosocial behavioral changes. Social implications: This study on all measured risk responses reveals important differences between at-risk young publics in China and South Korea and how they respond differently to a shared environmental risk such as PM. The study's findings provide new evidence that media coverage of global environmental issues needs to be studied at the national level, and cross-cultural comparisons are imperative to understand publics' responses to different news strategies. Thus, this study offers implications for practitioners to understand and apply appropriate strategies to publics in a social way across different countries so as to tailor risk communication messaging. Originality/value: This study offers new insights to help connect message framing effects with communication management practice at the multi-national level, providing recommendations for government communication practitioners regarding which PM message features are more likely to be effective in forming proper risk perception and motivate sustainable actions among at-risk publics in different countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of Knowledge Management Capability (KMC), Workforce Diversity (WD), and Organisational Commitment(OC) on the Organisational Performance (OP) of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in China that are owned by German companies. The researcher employed a mixed-methods approach to addressthe lack of existing theory and current knowledge, particularly in the context of knowledge management and communication (KMC) practices in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Germany. During the initial phase, a quantitative survey was conducted by the researcher. A selfadministered questionnaire, utilising a 5-point Likert Scale, was distributed to a total of 620 respondents. Out of these, 435 questionnaires were deemed usable for analysis. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was utilised to validate the conceptual model and its associated hypotheses. In the second phase of the study, a qualitative survey was conducted. The researcher employed the purposive sampling technique to select a sample of 32 informants. These informants were approached to provide insights on the model through focus group discussions and oneto-one interviews. The objective of this study is to enhance the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Germany by placing greater emphasis on knowledge management capabilities (KMC), organisational culture (OC), and workplace diversity (WD). Three additional professors from the University were extended invitations to provide their insights and elucidate the model. The results suggest that Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC), Water Disinfection (WD), and Oral Contraceptives (OC) have a direct and significant impact on Osteoporosis (OP). The role of OC has been empirically demonstrated to act as a mediator between KMC and OP. The consideration of KMCas a factor of lesser concern isimportant in the context of daily operational activities. The findings of this study have implications for the decision-making processes of German small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in overseas branches. Additionally, they provide guidance for host countries on strategiesto attract foreign investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performance management is critical to the performance of individuals and organizations. We conduct a longitudinal study on a listed enterprise (i.e. Neusoft) in China as basis in first identifying the four stages of its growth process: initial start-up, growth, mature, and sustainable development stages. The evolution path of performance management system (PMS) in Neusoft can be described as 'point', 'line', 'surface', and strategic 'surface' evaluation systems in the initial start-up, growth, mature, and sustainable development stages, respectively. We find that the critical influencing factors of PMS include the good professional background and personal traits of line managers, clear communication on performance management goals between leaders and their subordinates, professional knowledge of performance management specialists, and broad participation of senior leaders in performance management processes. The four factors emerge gradually with the evolution of PMS. This paper contributes to building a comprehensive and dynamic construct for PMS and generates a systematic understanding of the critical influencing factors of this system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous enterprises rely on cross-functional teams (CFT) to integrate multi-disciplinary knowledge. However, unexpected results occur in many CFT projects. This exploratory research attempts to illustrate how knowledge integration (KI) is influenced by combining and bonding capabilities in CFT. After a qualitative investigation into a Chinese mobile application company, we found that if a team's performance was poor, team members tended to work separately, which led to less communication among one another. We defined this type of KI as "modular knowledge integration (MKI)". In contrast, teams that performed well tended to communicate sufficiently with team members and cooperate well. We called this kind of KI "integral knowledge integration (IKI)". We propose that enterprises should include IKI rather than MKI in CFT. Additionally, if an enterprise expects to avoid MKI, "combining capability" and "bonding capability" should be improved accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study examined relationship cultivation and public relations practices in start-up companies in Mainland China. Findings from 28 in-depth interviews with entrepreneurs in China1 suggest that employees and customers are the most important strategic publics for start-ups, followed by investors, the media, and the government. Symmetrical relationship cultivation strategies suggested in previous literature apply to the start-up context in China with specific variations. New strategies such as vision and value communication, empowerment, authentic communication, and proactive reporting were identified for start-ups to build quality relationships with various strategic publics. Compared with large established corporations, start-ups have unique public relations purposes, needs, and scope of practice. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Applying in-depth interviews with 22 Chinese executives, this study intends to interpret their perceptions of the four aspects of crises: causes, consequences, caution and coping. Findings suggest that the informants tend to blame external constituencies for frequent adverse events experienced by Chinese enterprises and equate crisis management with quick problem solving in which technical protection of corporate image via effective leadership is the top priority. Nonetheless, prescriptive lessons as presented in Western literature do occupy a position in the minds of Chinese executives. These lessons serve both as a counterpoint against which a desirable mode of crisis management in China is articulated and as a representation of personal aspiration that will remain an ambition as long as the Chinese economy has not passed certain hurdles in development. Based on the insights gained, we put forward an alternative way of thinking about crisis management, i.e., a manager''s self-positioning within the larger socio-economic context rather than managerial competence defines what constitutes perceived meaningful forms and processes in which unfavourable circumstances are contained or handled. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

China is undergoing rapid economic and political change, accompanied by developments in e-government, with radical implications for citizens. The article considers the modernisation of government organisation, and challenges of technology management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although considerable previous research has focused on Chinese students' expectations and experiences while studying in English-speaking cultures, little research to date has focused on how the instructor's cultural background affects the learning process within a managerial communication classroom. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, this exploratory case study involves two U.S. instructors teaching a managerial communication course to 106 Chinese students in Hong Kong. The findings from this study provide implications for managerial communication pedagogy and further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China, the same as her Western counterpart countries, has been experiencing educational decentralization over the last two decades. Such a policy shift, however, brings with it issues of “managerialism”, “accountability” and “competition”, all of which are becoming part of the common language in the educational lexicon. These newly imposed strictures have been theorized to influence teachers' daily practice in certain ways and also their views about their roles and responsibilities. It is said teachers have had to redefine their professionalism due to the invasion of this “audit culture” in education. However, research on this particular area has not devoted significant attention to the voices of teachers. This paper uses interview data from 75 teachers in Guangdong Province of China to find out whether policy changes have necessitated teachers to develop strategies to cope with new educational demands and challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper Chinese foreign invested enterprises (FIEs) are employed as prototypes to generate a model of how transnationals can transfer both tacit and explicit knowledge between their units as well as between FIEs and the parent organization. We propose that successful intra-organization knowledge transfer depends upon: (1) collective creation of knowledge as intellectual and social capital available throughout the organization; (2) trust-based collaboration among geographically dispersed entities that form the transnational organization; and (3) the willingness and ability of organizational units to use that knowledge. The paper further proposes that organizational knowledge should ideally flow in multiple directions, providing learning opportunities for both investing and host organizations. Implications for transfer of best practices, a specific form of tacit knowledge, are also offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on innovation management and technology transfer in China is in its early stages and growing rapidly, as technology is transferred to Chinese organizations and the organizations themselves create innovations. The studies to date provide promising theoretical ideas, but specific findings should be regarded as tentative, due to the research designs and methods employed. As with early research on innovation in the West, it is likely that these early studies of innovation in China will have significant impact on innovation research and practice in the future, both in China and throughout the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The paper aims to analyse the nature of business communication and its influence on relationships development between Hong Kong Chinese intermediaries sourcing from Mainland Chinese sellers involved in manufacturing for sale to Western buyer finns. Design/methodology/approach - A case study-driven methodology with purposeful sampling is applied to yield maximum variation in the sampling to elicit underlying tendencies and generative mechanisms that exist within and across the multiple cases of relationships. Findings - The paper finds that Mainland Chinese sellers and Hong Kong Chinese intermediaries tend not to have the close ties that might be expected. Mainland Chinese sellers constrained their use of social information, requiring Hong Kong Chinese intermediaries to use commercial information transfers to evaluate the trustworthiness of their Mainland Chinese partners. An ingroup/outgroup bias exacerbates the modesty bias of the Mainland Chinese and also hinders learning through the transfer of technical information within these Chinese interactions. On the other hand, Western buyers tend not to prefer social information interactions with their Hong Kong Chinese intermediaries, requiring these intermediaries to emphasise commercial information interactions to evaluate the trustworthiness of their Western buyers. Research limitations/implications - This research uses a restricted sample of case study respondents. Representative sampling across multiple contexts will assist in testing the generality of the findings. Practical implications - For the West to source increasingly attractive manufactures from Mainland China, Hong Kong intermediaries will remain fundamentally important even though this creates further interactions. The aggregate of these multiple exchange arrangements is less problematic than would be the case if Western business were to deal directly with the Mainland Chinese. Originality/value - This article sheds light on the nature of business communication interactions in a group of relationships between Hong Kong Chinese intermediaries and Mainland sellers, and buyers from the West. Implications for relationships development among the Chinese and Western actors are identified with propositions framed to guide further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes that when top management team members are convinced that their leader is committed to people and productivity, they conclude that their leader is effective and contribute to making their organization innovative. Cooperative goals among top management team members may be credible evidence that their leader has people and production values. Executives from over 100 organizations in China completed measures of their cooperative, competitive, and independent goals, their leader's people and production values, and their leader's effectiveness. CEOs from these firms rated their organization's innovativeness. Structural equation analysis suggested that cooperative goals among top management teams convince them that their leader values people and production and that these values in turn result in leader effectiveness and organizational innovation. Results, coupled with previous research, were interpreted as suggesting that cooperative goals and leader people and production values are foundations for leader and top management team effectiveness in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Purpose--The purpose of this paper is to test the existence of direct and moderating effects of task interdependence and culture on supervisory views of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Design/methodology/approach--To analyze these effects, an experiment was conducted in the USA and The People's Republic of China. A total of 304 management supervisors participated. Participants were exposed to an interdependence manipulation and then rated the importance of ERP in the case contexts described by experimental treatments. Findings--Results support the moderating effects of culture on the extent to which task interdependence impacts managerial views of the communicative capabilities of ERP systems. Task interdependence effects are much less severe among the views of Chinese managers. Research limitations/implications--Main limitations potentially stem from our specific operationalizations of the factors studied as well as selectivity of the subject pool. As with many empirical comparisons of culture, these limitations may confine the application of the findings to the two national contexts studied. Practical implications--If managers in China (as compared to their U.S. counterparts) are more enthusiastic of the communication capabilities provided by ERP systems regardless of the extent to which internal processes are interdependent, then the business cases that support ERP adoption and extension should be expected to emphasize the benefits of such capabilities. This may foster a strategic distinction in the use of these architectures in the two settings. Originality/value--This study specifically examines the interactive effects of task interdependency and culture on managerial perceptions regarding ERP communicative capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case study of one general contracting construction organization in Hong Kong was undertaken. The study illustrates the current state of corporate ethics management in the implementation of a corporate code of ethics. The overall process of developing the corporate code of ethics from planning to implementation was investigated. It was found that the corporate management of the organization that was studied adopted a laissez-faire approach in implementing its code at the project level. This means that there was no formal and unified cross-organizational plan for implementing the code at the project level. The methods of communicating the corporate code of ethics to the members of the project team were left to the discretion of the individual project manager. The research findings also showed that different project managers adopted different methods of communication to disseminate the corporate code of ethics to members of their project team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oh china's current path toward modernization , information sharing and effective communication become major learning challenges. This article explores how the change and emerging tensions are managed. Data collected from a Sino-foreign joint venture and a Chinese joint-stock company, analyzed within the framework of cultural-historical activity theory, indicate that Confucian authority chains and guanxi should be viewed as two complementary and interactive principles. The communication organization generated by these two principles is in transition in Chinese organizations. The zone of proximal development emerging for communication in Chinese companies takes the shape of two-way movement: toward an increasingly personal character of the Confucian authority principle on one of hand and toward an increasingly production-oriented character of the principle of guanxi on the other hand. The successful design and implementation of communication systems in Chinese companies will largely depend management's ability to understand and shape this historical change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes and contrasts the business communication behavior of Hong Kong Chinese bilingual speakers as they took part in first-and second-language decision-making meetings. Second-language proficiency in Hong Kong business; Effects of the language and cultural context on communication participation and effectiveness.

The article focuses on effect of ethnographic variables on concepts of Chinese business communication. Variables influence as political structures, governmental hierarchies, and educational emphases produce tenacious forces in China's society. Six assertions, as measured via data from 1,005 Chinese managers, give miniscule endorsement to training in business communication. In dealing with mainland China as an Asian socialist country there are research impediments absent in most western societies. In a centrally controlled state which oversees politics, government, and education, there is less opportunity for individual expression. Hence, Chinese managers, positioned lower in the hierarchy, give support to business communication. Surely interpersonal communication occurs, but extensive writing and oral communication training is pedagogically remote from concepts in the Western world.

A study of 436 Chinese (People's Republic of China) managers suggests two conclusions concerning managerial communication: (1) formality dominates Chinese managers' daily interchanges through prescribed channels; (2) oral and written communication courses are among the least important, in the opinion of Chinese managers, for their managerial preparation. Reasons for these communication perceptions include a continuing tradition of Chinese and British formality; a preponderance of Communist party and central government planning that diminishes time for managerial level discussion; a cultural heritage of being orally passive within the home, an attitude which is reflected in the classroom; and a reflection of all of these results in a degree of quiet acceptance within the world of work.
The core of this investigation seeks to offer an initial statement of selected Chinese managers' views of communication. Additionally, we hope to add to the cultural understanding of China so that when dealing with persons in managerial positions, U.S. managers, businesses, and scholars may improve their communication with and business in mainland China, similar to work for other countries completed by Everett, Krishnan, and Stening (1984); Singh (1981); Lira and Gosling (1983); and Hildebrandt and Edington (1987). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of how MNCs manage the organizational culture in their overseas subsidiaries is one of the central questions for managing overseas employees. The study explores how a Japanese MNC in Hong Kong manages its organizational culture across cultures. The results imply that a company will not be effective if it uses artifacts only, such as ceremonies to convey the desired culture to the local employees. The more important mechanism is the human resource management system which is considered as the statement of the company's values, beliefs and assumptions. Since the case company uses a dual human resource management system and a dual control practice for the Japanese and local employees, these practices send out mixed messages and signals to the local employees who cannot project the desired state culture. Furthermore, because local employees bring along with them their values derived from national culture, they tend to adhere to these values rather than those of the company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the power structure in business enterprises of China. The different states and cultures of the world are more and more in contact with each other because of better communication, traffic, and growing trade, and because of worldwide mutual dependence in important economic matters. The article presents a comparison between China as a socialist country that has a different cultural tradition and Western capitalist countries. The management of enterprises in capitalist and socialist countries differs especially in the relations between the macro- and the micro-structures, or in the extent to which the state controls enterprises. In capitalist and socialist systems, the power structure does not differ only with respect to the distribution of power: the kind of power used is also different. It is possible to find many different bases of power. When analyzing the behavior of individuals and organizations and taking into account their effects at both the macro- and the micro- level, it seems appropriate to divide them into basic and instrumental power, according to their basis. Basic power represents relatively enduring resources, whereas the kind of instrumental power used can be changed by a basic power to another kind of instrument for seeking a definite goal.

A correction to the article "External Knowledge Search Strategies in China's Technology Ventures: The Role of Managerial Interpretations and Ties" that was published in a 2013 issue is presented.