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Purpose: Our study aimed to make a bibliometric analysis on Sjögren's syndrome-related dry eye disease (SS-DED), explore its potential research hotspots, and provide critical information for future research interest and undeveloped topics in this field, which can benefit clinicians and researchers., Methods: We extracted all publications relating to SS-DED from 2003 to 2022 from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Original articles and reviews in English were included. The contributions of different countries, institutions, journals, and authors were compared, and the research hotspots were visualized for network analysis through GraphPad Prism, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer., Results: We enrolled a total of 987 publications. The United States contributed the most publications (281, 28.5%), followed by China (157, 15.9%) and Japan (80, 8.11%). Publications from the United States were cited more frequently (13,060 citations), with the highest H-index of 57. China ranked second in the total number of publications, the papers were not cited frequently (3790 citations), and the H-index ranked second (H-index = 31). PLoS One (32, 3.24%) published the most papers, and the University of California system had the highest number of publications (45, 4.56%). Bootsma H from the Netherlands published the most papers. The trend of research hotspots evolved mainly from the basic manifestation to pathogenesis and treatment of SS-DED and paid more attention to distinguishing SS-DED from that dry eye disease without SS., Conclusions: Based on the bibliometric, co-citation, and network analyses in this study, we obtained the annual publications and citations, the growth trends of publications, the productivity of countries, organizations, journals, and authors, high-quality publications, and the emerging hotspots of SS-DED, which may open new doors for promising research directions., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

To study the direct economic burden of dry eye diseases (DED) on Chinese residents and analyze the influencing factors of the direct economic burden of patients with DED. Two hundred and twenty-one Chinese adults with DED who underwent treatment in Wuhan Aier Hankou Eye Hospital were enrolled in this health economics research from January 2018 to August 2018 and followed for at least 1 year. Examination, pharmacological therapy, and nonpharmacological therapy costs were collected to calculate the annual direct economic burden of DED on patients through the outpatient medical record system. Annual direct economic burden caused by DED on each patient was $465.54 ± 303.08. The direct economic burden of female patients in the 40–49 years group was significantly higher than that of male patients (P <.05). Age, number of hospital visits and severity of DED were showed a significant influence on the direct economic burden both in univariate linear regression analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Subtype of DED was showed a significant influence on the direct economic burden in multiple linear regression analysis after eliminating confounding factors. This study preliminarily analyzed the direct economic burden of Chinese DED patients. Age, number of hospital visits, severity of DED, mixed and evaporative dry eye (EDE) subtypes are shown to be the significant influencing factors of the direct economic burden and sex is a potential influencing factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To characterize the clinical features and outcomes of childhood-onset primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Methods: Patients less than 18 years old who were diagnosed with pSS by paediatric rheumatologists were included, and all patients were applied the 2002 American-European Consensus Group (ACEG) criteria, the 2016 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) criteria for pSS, or the 1999 proposed juvenile pSS criteria. The electronic medical records of patients with pSS from 2013 to 2020 were collected and analysed. Results: Thirty-nine patients were included. Of them, 27 (69.2%), 38 (97.4%) and 35 (89.7%) patients fulfilled the AECG criteria, ACR/EULAR criteria and proposed juvenile pSS criteria, respectively. The female:male ratio was 3.9:1. The median ages at first signs or symptoms and at diagnosis were 9.2 (4.7, 14.5) years and 10.9 (6.3, 15.0) years, respectively. The main clinical manifestations were rash or purpura (20, 51.3%), followed by fever (12, 30.8%), glandular enlargement/recurrent parotitis (10, 25.6%), and dry mouth and/or dry eyes (9, 23.1%). Twenty-eight (56.4%) patients had systemic damage, the most common of which was haematological involvement (14, 35.9%), followed by hepatic (13, 33.3%) and renal involvement (8, 20.5%). Thirty-eight (97.4%) patients underwent labial minor salivary gland biopsy, and all exhibited focal lymphocytic sialadenitis. All patients had a global ESSDAI score ≥ 1 at diagnosis, and the median total score at diagnosis was 8 (2, 31). Thirty-six (92.3%) patients were followed up for a median time of 23.6 (7.9, 79.5) months, and three patients developed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) at follow-up times of 13.3, 38.8 and 63.8 months. Conclusions: The presentation of childhood-onset pSS is atypical, and extraglandular manifestations and systemic involvement are more common than in adult-onset pSS. Labial salivary gland biopsy is vital for patients with probable pSS. Some patients may develop SLE over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of symptomatic dry eye disease (DED) in Chinese coal workers. Methods: The prevalence of symptomatic DED in coal workers was investigated by using the questionnaire of Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and the influencing factors were explored. Results: The prevalence of symptomatic DED was 50.7% in coal workers. Of the influencing factors of symptomatic DED, the level of dust exposure had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.26, the time of dust exposure had an OR of 1.02, and the age had an OR of 1.03. Conclusion: There was a high morbidity of symptomatic DED among coal workers and the level and the time of dust exposure and the age of coal workers had important effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to assess the testing methods used to detect fungal pathogens as well as the pathogenic profiles and drug susceptibility among fungal isolates from ocular sources collected in a tertiary eye hospital. Methods: The laboratory test records of patients with suspected ocular fungal infection from January 2010 to December 2019 at a tertiary eye care center in southern China were retrospectively evaluated. The isolated pathogens identified by smear examination and culture combined with microscopy were analyzed. For 2017– 2019 fungal isolates, their antifungal susceptibilities to four antifungal agents were evaluated. Results: A total of 22,233 specimens (16,315 for culture and 5918 for direct smear examination) from 16,209 individuals were assessed, and 3317 specimens (2169 for culture and 1148 for smear examination) from 2395 patients had confirmed fungal infection. The mean age of patients was 50.6± 14.2 years and 63.4% were male. The positive rate of smear examination was 19.4% and significantly higher than 13.3% of fungal culture (p< 0.001). Of 5812 patients who were simultaneously examined for culture and smear staining, 897 (15.43%) had positive findings for fungi. Among the 2420 positive findings, 2138 (88.3%) were from the cornea, and 133 (5.5%) were from intraocular samples. Fusarium spp. (40.5%) and Aspergillus spp. (22.0%) were the major fungal genera among the molds, whereas Candida spp. (4.6%) constituted the major yeast. Fusarium spp. had a lower antifungal susceptibility than Aspergillus spp. against voriconazole and amphotericin. And yeast spp. had the highest susceptibility to caspofungin. Conclusion: This study provided a 10-year assessment of fungi in ocular infections in southern China, giving support to epidemiological understanding and guiding empiric antimicrobial therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sensitive eyes are commonly reported by patients, but there are very few epidemiological studies on this disorder. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the self-reported frequency of sensitive eyes and the association with sensitive skin. Methods: A survey was performed on a representative sample of the population aged more than 18 years in five different countries (Brazil, China, France, Russia, and the USA). All participants answered a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics; skin phototype; eye color; tobacco consumption; exposure to sunlight, air pollution, or having pets; and sleep disorders. The presence of sensitive eyes, eyelids, or skin and their triggering factors were assessed with specific questions. Results: A total of 10,743 individuals (5,285 men and 5,458 women) were included in the study. Among them, 48.2% reported having sensitive skin and 46.0% reported having sensitive eyes. Sensitive eyes were more frequently reported by women (46.5%) than men (39.4%) in all countries, with the exception of China. The presence of sensitive eyes was more frequent if skin was very sensitive. More than half of subjects with sensitive eyes declared that their triggering factors were exposure to sunlight, dust, touch pad screens, or computer screens or dry air. They were more exposed to pollution and tobacco. Their phototype (including eye color) was lighter. Discussion/Conclusion: This large study shows that self-declared sensitive eyes are very frequent and commonly associated with sensitive skin. Triggering factors of sensitive eyes are more specific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate awareness, prevalence, and knowledge of dry eye among Internet professionals in China., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,265 randomly selected Internet professionals aged ≥18 years. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess dry eye awareness, dry eye symptoms, and knowledge about dry eye risk factors. Data on demographics and complete medical history were also collected. The primary outcome was the rate of dry eye awareness determined by the answer to the question "Have you seen or heard anything about dry eye recently?", Results: Of the 1,265 included individuals aged 20 to 49 years, 519 (41.0%) were women. 54.4% (688 of 1,265) of participants had seen or heard something about dry eye recently and most had obtained information through Internet. 50.8% (643 of 1,265) of participants were identified as subjects with symptoms of dry eye. Dry eye awareness was greater in contact lens wearers (odds ratio [OR], 6.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.70-11.38; P <0.001), those with a refractive surgical history (OR, 5.09; 95% CI, 2.34-11.08; P <0.001), relatives and/or friends of ophthalmologists (OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.39-5.49; P =0.004), those with symptoms of dry eye (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.47-2.38; P <0.001) and female subjects (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.13-1.86; P =0.004). Knowledge of nonmodifiable and modifiable risk factors for dry eye was poor in substantial numbers of the participants., Conclusions: The level of dry eye awareness and knowledge of its risk factors is suboptimal in Internet professionals, although the Internet professionals are at high risk of the disease., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding or conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2023 Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists.)

Objective: To evaluate the 2-year incidence and associated factors of dry eye (DE) among community residents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)., Methods: For confirmed type 2 DM residents in the Xinjing community of Shanghai in China, 2 surveys on DE and related factors were performed in 2016 and 2018. The survey content included general information, subjective symptom questionnaires, tear-film break-up time test, Schirmer I test, corneal fluorescence staining (FL), slit-lamp examination, and examination of blood and urine samples. Symptoms of depression were evaluated using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Dry eye was diagnosed based on the diagnostic standards developed by the Asia Dry Eye Society in 2016., Results: The 2-year incidence of DE among 460 type 2 DM residents was 33.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]=29.6%-38.3%). The incidence of DE significantly increased with increasing age (P<0.01). The incidence among women (35.7%) was not statistically significant compared with that of men (31.0%). In the multivariate logistic regression model, age (odds ratio [OR]=1.03, 95% CI=1.01-1.06, P=0.04), corneal sensitivity (OR=0.97, 95% CI=0.94-0.99, P=0.03), and depressive symptom score (OR=1.04, 95% CI = 1.00-1.08, P=0.04) were associated factors for the incidence of DE. In the CES-D scale, two items, "I felt that everything I did was an effort" and "I felt sad," were significantly correlated with DE onset., Conclusion: The incidence of DE among community residents with type 2 DM was high. Screening for DE among DM residents, especially residents with advanced age, corneal hypoesthesia, and depression, should be strengthened.