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Presently, there is a growing concern about implementing sustainable practices among businesses worldwide. Risk management is observed to contribute to the promotion of exercised business sustainability significantly. The study aims to examine published articles focusing on the role of risk management in promoting business sustainability practices and its advancement in the Cambridge online database to determine the current trend direction of this field. The paper's conducted analysis is based on bibliographic co-word clustering analysis of the collected studies from the database. The research's output disclosed four keyword clusters in the gathered articles' titles and identified the most interested journals, countries, authors, subject areas, and organizations in the said topic and its popular research period. Based on the research output, recommendations regarding future research were provided, including expanding the list of databases for the data collection phase and utilizing the bibliographic coupling relations approach in the bibliometric analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper arises from the authors' preparation of the Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Stone Sculpture volume on Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire. As in previous volumes, we have looked hard at the manner in which the middle- and late-Saxon tradition of erecting 'high crosses' at significant locations, or to mark significant graves, was continued beyond the Norman Conquest in what we have called a 'continuing tradition' of monument type and design. Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire's Anglo-Scandinavian stone sculpture is well known for its quantity, and this prolific local tradition of monument-making continued after the Norman Conquest. We focus here on five elaborately decorated Huntingdonshire 'high crosses' in the pre-Conquest tradition. They belong to two interrelated groups: two have a monastic context, three a secular one. Monuments at Fletton and Kings Ripton each marked significant points in the landscape. Whilst the monument at Hilton had an analogous function in perhaps marking a place of congregation, its date and use of architectural details also connects it with the pair of major monuments from Godmanchester and Tilbrook/Kimbolton, for which we suggest an additional political significance within the early cult of St Thomas of Canterbury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While Austrian economists and their models were only indirectly involved in the Cambridge capital theory controversies that came to a dramatic head in 1966, certain ideas argued for by the Cambridge, UK side were prefigured in some work by Austrian economists, especially F.A. Hayek in his 1941, The Pure Theory of Capital, which he wote largely as a result of earlier debates with both Sraffa and Keynes. This paper recounts the roots of the capital theory debates coming out of the nineteenth century, the arguments among Keynes, Sraffa, and Hayek, Hayek's analysis that undermined traditional Austrian views of capital, the Cambridge controversies themselves, and then how various groups followed up in the aftermath, including neoclassicals, neo-Ricardians and Post Keynesians, and various groups of Austrians, who were themselves slow to recognize the full implications of Hayek's work and its relation to the Cambridge capital theory controversies. A final point is that among both those following Sraffa and Joan Robinson more as well as those following Hayek more, some have seen the issues leading to broader complexity approaches to capital theory and economic dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving a just transition to a low carbon economy and society, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, is arguably one of the greatest policy challenges facing governments. It is also of deep concern to businesses, employees and the organisations that represent them. Much of the focus, particularly at policy level, has been on the potential of this transition to create new jobs especially through the growth of renewable energy and clean technology. In this paper, we argue that this focus on 'green jobs', and in particular new green jobs, grossly underestimates the skills needs of a future workforce able to deliver a transition to a more sustainable low-carbon economy. The focus of this study is to gain an understanding of what skills are required to support the transition beyond these sectors. It critically reports on the results of a series of in-depth interviews with senior managers in key organisations within Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK. It sheds a light on the significant employment transitions taking place in organisations who are not specifically focused on delivering 'green' products or services. It finds widespread acknowledgement of the importance of a green recovery, albeit predicated by economic growth. The key skills needs reported, at all levels were likely to be 'soft' transferrable skills rather than 'hard' technical skills. COVID-19 was recognised as both a disrupter and as a catalyst for a green transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To simulate turbulent flames with high accuracy at low computational cost, Rieth et al. ["A hybrid flamelet finite-rate chemistry approach for efficient LES with a transported FDF," Combust. Flame 199, 183–193 (2019)] have developed a hybrid method combining a combustion sub-grid model with assumed filtered density function (FDF) with a transported FDF approach. The present paper extends the hybrid approach to a stratified flame from the Cambridge stratified flame series. In contrast to the conventional Lagrangian FDF transport approach, the hybrid model applies Lagrangian particles to solve FDF transport only in selected regions, while an assumed FDF is applied in the remaining domain. With the hybrid model, the overall number of particles is strongly reduced compared to the conventional Lagrangian FDF transport model, promising great savings in computational cost. To provide a basis for the comparisons, simulations with assumed FDF or transported FDF only have also been performed. The present work aims to show the advantage of the Lagrangian transported FDF and the hybrid approach for a highly stratified flame, one of the most challenging members of the well-known Cambridge stratified flame series. Different criteria are tested for triggering the switch-over between the methods to maximize the efficiency of the hybrid approach, where basic flame quantities such as mixture fraction were predicted well with the assumed FDF model, and the temperature and mass fraction of carbon monoxide were predicted better by the hybrid method, featuring the transported FDF technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - With the introduction of the personalisation agenda (Department of Health, 2008) within social care (and health), this paper aims to discursively explore two themes: improving the lives of people with acquired brain injury through the introduction of more personalised services and support; and the impact of the culture shift on Headway Cambridgeshire as a service provider.Design/methodology/approach - The paper presents examples to illustrate how it is possible to plan in a way that is broad enough to meet the needs of the majority whilst being flexible enough to deal with differing individualised circumstances.Findings - The paper highlights the challenges faced by individuals and service provider organisations when introducing personalised services and suggests some approaches that can be taken to overcome them.Practical implications - Recommendations for good practice in personalised services.Originality/value - This paper sets out a framework for organisations working with people with acquired brain injury in a social care setting in the community and how the principles embodied by the personalisation agenda can be introduced into existing service provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assesses business investment appraisal techniques and expectations formation. The paper begins with a comparative analysis of the links between fixed asset investment theories and real world investment appraisal techniques, focusing on the underlying assumptions about rationality and expectations. In the empirical sections, these ideas are tested via an analysis of business behaviour based upon survey evidence from a sample of Cambridgeshire manufacturing firms. The statistical analysis focuses on hypothesis testing, ordered probit estimations and simulations. The evidence presented reveals that whilst conventional production function analysis does provide some explanatory power in describing the objective determinants of firm investment activity, subjective and behavioural factors are also important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The standardisation of English spelling is widely assumed to have happened, or at least started, during the fifteenth century, with a variety of theories about the location and spread of the process. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of a single spelling feature: the vowel in the word said. It demonstrates that there were four main variants used across the country during the fifteenth and early sixteenth century, with preference for the modern standard form 〈ai〉 in Cambridgeshire, Middlesex and the Northern counties but for 〈ei〉 elsewhere. The analysis further raises serious questions about the claim that standardisation of the spelling system was well underway by the end of the fifteenth century, clearly showing that there was no reduction in either intra- or inter-document variation during the period covered by the MELD corpus, 1399–1525. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The past and present status of Grapholita pallifrontana in Cambridgeshire has been investigated. The species was discovered in Cambridgeshire by William Warren, most likely in 1887; the next published record was in 2021. Its sole larval foodplant, Wild Liquorice Astragalus glycyphyllos has been well-documented by botanists since 1660. We visited the 15 monads with post-1985 records and relocated plants in 11 of them, plus one new adjacent monad. We subsequently revisited these 12 monads during the season when larvae are detectable within the seedpods, and found G. pallifrontana in six of the monads, concentrated in the southeast and southwest of VC29. The botanical history of these sites suggests that Wild Liquorice has probably only been present in these locations for the last half-century, and that both foodplant and moth must therefore be quite mobile. Records from adjacent vicecounties demonstrate an overall L-shaped G. pallifrontana distribution, with the Cambridgeshire colonies at its eastern extremity, and raise the question of whether most may belong to a single meta-population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dementia is a common and progressive condition whose prevalence is growing worldwide. It is challenging for healthcare systems to provide continuity in clinical services for all patients from diagnosis to death. Aims: To test whether individuals who are most likely to need enhanced care later in the disease course can be identified at the point of diagnosis, thus allowing the targeted intervention. Method: We used clinical information collected routinely in de-identified electronic patient records from two UK National Health Service (NHS) trusts to identify at diagnosis which individuals were at increased risk of needing enhanced care (psychiatric in-patient or intensive (crisis) community care). Results: We examined the records of a total of 25 326 patients with dementia. A minority (16% in the Cambridgeshire trust and 2.4% in the London trust) needed enhanced care. Patients who needed enhanced care differed from those who did not in age, cognitive test scores and Health of the Nation Outcome Scale scores. Logistic regression discriminated risk, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of up to 0.78 after 1 year and 0.74 after 4 years. We were able to confirm the validity of the approach in two trusts that differed widely in the populations they serve. Conclusions: It is possible to identify, at the time of diagnosis of dementia, individuals most likely to need enhanced care later in the disease course. This permits the development of targeted clinical interventions for this high-risk group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will outline the approach taken for monitoring of two waterlogged areas in England: the multi-period deposits beneath the historic town of Nantwich, Cheshire, and the Bronze Age timber platform at Whittlesey, Cambridgeshire. These two examples allow contrast and comparison between urban and rural contexts, and between multiple ownerships and single development. The projects also illustrate how English planning guidance can be variously interpreted dependent on conflicting aims and objectives. The paper will describe the characteristics of the sites, their past history and present threats, and the suggested management strategies for each. The duration, spatial interval, and methods of monitoring (including use of In Situ redox probes, Time Domain Reflectometry, sediment geochemistry, and water-level measurement) will be discussed, and how short-term data-gathering is actually what influences decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lawton Smith H. and Waters R. Scientific labour markets, networks and regional innovation systems, Regional Studies. While quality of the labour force in a locality is the single most important component of local competitiveness, the regional innovation systems literature has relatively neglected processes of labour force development. This paper addresses two questions: What is the role of labour markets in the making of regions as innovative systems? and What is the role of labour markets in regional innovation systems? The labour market and specifically the networks that exist between highly skilled workers are positioned at the centre of the analysis, using evidence from the UK high-technology economies of Cambridgeshire and Oxfordshire. Lawton Smith H. and Waters R. 高技术劳动力市场、网络以及区域创新系统，区域研究。 一个地区劳动力质量高低是决定地方竞争力的唯一重要因素，区域创新系统的相关文献却忽略了劳动力的发展过程。本文强调两个问题：劳动力市场在促使区域成为创新系统的过程中起到什么作用？劳动力市场在区域创新系统中起到什么作用？研究分析的核心定位在劳动力市场，尤其是存在于高技术劳动力之间的网络关系；相关证据来自英国剑桥郡以及牛津郡高技术经济体。高技术劳动力市场 区域创新系统 牛津郡与剑桥郡 Lawton Smith H. et Waters R. Les marches du travail, les reseaux et les systemes regionaux d'innovation scientifiques, Regional Studies. Tandis que la qualite de la main d'oeuvre au sein d'une region constitue le facteur sine qua non de la competitivite locale, la documentation a propos des sytemes regionaux d'innovation n'a pas tenu compte toutes proportions gardees du processus du developpement de la main-d'oeuvre. Cet article cherche a aborder deux questions: primo, Qu'est-ce que c'est le role des marches du travail pour ce qui concerne la construction des regions en tant que systemes d'innovation? et secundo, Qu'est-ce que c'est le role des marches du travail dans les systemes regionaux d'innovation? Employant des donnees provenant des economies a la pointe de la technologie situees dans le Cambridgeshire et dans l'Oxfordshire, au Royaume-Uni, on positionne au coeur de l'analyse le marche du travail et, plus particulierement, les reseaux de travailleurs hautement qualifies. Marches du travail scientifiques Systemes regionaux d'innovation Oxfordshire et Cambridgeshire Lawton Smith H. und Waters R. Wissenschaftliche Arbeitsmarkte, Netzwerke und regionale Innovationssysteme, Regional Studies. Die Qualitat der Arbeitskrafte an einem Ort ist die wichtigste Einzelkomponente der lokalen Wettbewerbsfahigkeit, doch die Prozesse bei der Weiterbildung von Arbeitskraften wurden in der Literatur uber regionale Innovationssysteme bisher eher vernachlassigt. In diesem Beitrag werden zwei Fragen untersucht: (i) welche Rolle spielen die Arbeitsmarkte bei der Gestaltung von Regionen als innovativen Systemen und (ii) welche Rolle spielen die Arbeitsmarkte in regionalen Innovationssystemen. Im Mittelpunkt der Analyse stehen der Arbeitsmarkt und insbesondere die Netzwerke zwischen hochqualifizierten Arbeitnehmern; hierfur nutzen wir Belege aus den britischen Hochtechnologie-Wirtschaften von Cambridgeshire und Oxfordshire. Wissenschaftliche Arbeitsmarkte Regionale Innovationssysteme Oxfordshire und Cambridgeshire Lawton Smith H. y Waters R. Mercados laborales en el campo cientifico, redes y sistemas de innovacion regional, Regional Studies. Aunque la calidad de la poblacion activa en una comunidad es el componente unico y mas importante de la competitividad local, la literatura sobre los sistemas de innovacion regional tiende a ignorar los procesos del desarrollo de la fuerza de trabajo. En este articulo planteamos dos cuestiones: ¿Cual es la funcion de los mercados laborales en convertir a las regiones en sistemas innovadores? y ¿cual es la funcion de los mercados laborales en los sistemas de innovacion regional? La base de este analisis son el mercado laboral y en concreto las redes que existen entre trabajadores altamente cualificados con ayuda de ejemplos de las economias britanicas de alta tecnologia en los condados de Cambridge y Oxford. Mercados laborales cientificos Sistemas de innovacion regional Condados de Oxford y Cambridge [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women with learning disabilities: risk behaviours and experiences of the cervical smear test This paper reports the findings of a study on the views and experiences of women with learning disabilities regarding the cervical smear test. The experience and opinions of the carers were also taken into account. The study was carried out between 1997 and 1999 in Cambridgeshire. The factors that influenced whether women with a learning disability had a smear test included: sexual activity; number of sexual partners; pregnancy; and a past history of smoking. Women with a learning disability who had a cervical smear test most often experienced pain and difficulty with the procedure. Factors that enable women with a learning disability to undergo a cervical smear test, according to their experiences, will be discussed in this paper. These include: the importance of prolonged preparation; issues surrounding communication; the giving of information; and support from the carers. The implications of these findings for collaborative working between learning disability nurses and primary healthcare professionals in clinical practice are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The intermittent heating is considered to be able to achieve a high energy saving rate compared with the continuous heating. This paper builds a two-stage lumped parameter model to study the thermal dynamic process of the intermittent heating. Meanwhile, the on-site measurement was carried out on a residence in Cambridgeshire to verify the correctness of the model. On-site measurement validates the model we build and shows that the intermittent heating system we measured is able to provide comfort indoor thermal environment. However, the associated energy saving rate is only about 5% compared with the continuous heating system, which is not significant. Both the model and the on-site measurement show that the temperature change of the indoor air after the heating was recovered follows the exponent law and accordingly the thermal dynamic process of intermittent heating can be characterized by the thermal time constant. The thermal time constant is found to be a key index of intermittent heating. Low thermal capacity and high heat transfer coefficient lead to a small thermal time constant. The intermittent heating system with small thermal constant time is able to elevate indoor temperature quickly and has large energy saving potential. The thermal time constant of the intermittent heating system we surveyed has been calculated. Lastly, suggestions for improving the energy saving rate of intermittent heating systems have been provided in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The UK's Cambridgeshire guided busway, the longest in the world, opened in the UK in August 2011, providing high-quality bus services in the corridor connecting Huntingdon, St Ives, Cambridge and Addenbrooke's/Trumpington. The opening of the busway resulted in an immediate near doubling of bus patronage being reported by the main operator in the corridor, with busway patronage at a level not expected until 2 years after opening. Atkins and Cambridgeshire County Council have jointly funded a programme of surveys and research to develop an understanding of who is using the busway and why they are using it. Detailed user surveys were undertaken in April/May 2012, with more than 800 completed interviews at stops across the busway system. The analysis shows some unexpected results, including very high numbers of users who had a car available and also a high proportion of new users with free parking available in Cambridge. This paper provides an overview of the research results with comparison to other data sets where available. The paper concludes by considering the implications of this research for patronage forecasting and scheme design for future high-quality bus systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper focuses on critical issues related to the identification of mathematically gifted children with learning difficulties (LDs). One purpose of the study is to broaden teachers' and educators' insight into the identification of gifted students with LD s, sometimes referred to as dual-exceptional children. A multiple case study approach was adopted and 5 case study profiles of mathematically gifted students with LDs in Years 4-6, ages 9 to 11 years and 5 months, were developed. An assessment plan was used to combine aspects of LDs and giftedness in an attempt to provide a multidimensional evaluation. The students received a multidimensional assessment, which indicates that psychometric test scores need to be supplemented with dynamic and informal assessments; historical data; task analysis of permanent products; and information from parents, teachers, and students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of excavations at an Upper Palaeolithic site that was discovered at Rookery Farm, Great Wilbraham, Cambridgeshire in 2002. Diagnostic lithic material - three penknife points - indicates that the site was probably occupied between 12,000 and 11,000 BP, a time of deteriorating climatic conditions. Excavations discovered a small task site, located to take advantage of water and a lithic raw material source. The paper discusses Rookery Farm in relation to other sites of this date and patterns of mobility and settlement across north-west Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sets out the results of the last phase of the hydrological monitoring programme conducted at the Hanson Over quarry in Cambridgeshire, during the first full year (March 2004 to March 2005) in which the area of the first phase of gravel extraction was reinstated as reed beds under the management of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. It follows on from the studies of the pre-extraction and extraction phases, both published previously in Environmental Archaeology (French et al. 1999; French 2004). It is reassuring to report that the groundwater table in the formerly quarried area and the landscape immediately upstream and downstream has ostensibly been restored to pre-extraction levels, along with a return to previous pH, conductivity, redox and dissolved oxygen values in the groundwater system. Significantly, the continuing gradual fall in groundwater levels observed beyond 500 m from the quarry face for a distance of at least 1·5 km was seen to be arrested, although these had not quite recovered to pre-extraction levels downstream to the northeast. In addition, the soil moisture within the alluvial overburden and the buried palaeosol has also almost returned to pre-extraction levels. This indicates that the clay bunding of the formerly quarried areas acts as an effective barrier against further water abstraction, both inside and outside the sealed area, and allows the natural aquifer to begin to return to its previous levels of influence. The study dramatically indicates that both the mineral operator, drainage authority and archaeological curator need to collaborate from the outset of any quarrying operation to ensure the continuing maintenance of the groundwater and soil moisture system regardless of how well the combined gravel and water abstraction processes are conducted, and how successful the post-quarry conservation is. As every site's landscape dynamics contribute to its individual hydrological setting, each case is different and requires tailored monitoring programmes to protect the archaeological and palaeo-environmental record from the adverse effects of water abstraction associated with development schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We know remarkably little about the archaeology of the great fenland abbeys. Ramsey stands with Peterborough, Crowland, Thorney and Ely as one of the principal late-Saxon, post- Regularis Concordia monasteries of eastern England and shares their significance. It ranked among the most important ecclesiastical institutions in England and prospered until the Dissolution. This paper presents new interpretations of the layout of the Benedictine abbey, linked to the recent discovery of possible late-Saxon monastic buildings. It includes rare evidence for a later medieval artificial waterway (or 'lode'), with an adjacent crane and possible storehouse: their implications for monastic trade and economy are set within the wider fenland context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the utility of different parameters from polarimetric interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data for the identification of ground pixels in a woodland area to enable accurate digital terrain model (DTM) generation from the InSAR height of the selected ground hit pixels. The parameters assessed include radar backscatter, interferometric coherence, surface scattering proportion (based on Freeman-Durden decomposition), and standard deviation of the interferometric height. The method is applied to Monks Wood, a small seminatural deciduous woodland in Cambridgeshire, U.K., using airborne E-SAR data collected in June 2000. The 1428 variations of SAR-derived terrain models are validated with theodolite data and a light detection and ranging-derived DTM. The results show that increasing the amount of data used in the DTM creation does not necessarily increase the accuracy of the final DTM. The most accurate method, for the whole wood, was a fixed-window minimum-filtering algorithm, followed by a mean filter. However, for a spatial subset of the area using the v3 backscattering coefficient to identify ground pixels outperforms the minimum filtering method. The findings suggest that backscatter information may often be undervalued in estimating terrain height under forest canopies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a summary of a pupil voice research project conducted to investigate the influence that teacher−pupil relationships have on pupils’ feelings of engagement with their school. The study involved two year groups (12−13 and 14−15 year olds) in a rural secondary school in Cambridgeshire. Data sources were collected through a questionnaire and follow-up focus groups and pupil interviews to explore pupils’ opinions and experiences of learning relationships and their impact. Findings include pupils’ identification of the features of effective teacher−pupil relationships and their perspectives on how these have a positive influence on their levels of motivation and engagement at school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The retention of 2.6 metric tonnes of building material from three rural masonry buildings from Bottisham, south-east Cambridgeshire, provided a rare opportunity for a thorough investigation into their fabric, form, construction style and function. A double-apsidal building may have been a bath-house and another building had evidence for an extensive box-flue tile heating system. Both buildings showed signs of either being unfinished or the heating element having never been used. A third building was a later construction that used rare red-slipped tegulae and imbrices. This article goes beyond suggesting the existence of a villa or villa-type complex at Bottisham to offer a detailed case study of the use of ceramic building materials [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In rabbits, a white-spotted liver can be indicative of one of several disease processes, frequently caused by parasites. To date, the prevalence of white-spotted liver in wild rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the United Kingdom is undetermined. We evaluated the prevalence and main parasitic etiologies of this entity in a U.K. population of wild rabbits. Wild rabbits (n = 87) were shot in Cambridgeshire for population control, and cadavers were donated for research. Postmortem examination was undertaken, including gross and histologic hepatic examination. Macroscopic lesions consistent with white-spotted liver were found in 46 of 87 (53%) rabbits examined; most of these lesions were considered to be mild. For 28 of 46 (59%) rabbits with gross hepatic lesions, an etiologic agent was apparent histologically. Eimeria stiedae was detected in 21 of 87 (24%) rabbits, and Calodium hepaticum (syn. Capillaria hepatica) was detected in 7 of 87 (8%). In the subset of rabbits killed in the summer, there was a significant association between white-spotted liver and juvenile age class. There was also an association between white-spotted liver caused by E. stiedae and juvenile age class. When restricting analysis to rabbits with white-spotted liver caused by E. stiedae and submitted in the summer, both juvenile age class and female had significant effects. E. stiedae and C. hepaticum can be transmitted to pet lagomorphs via contaminated vegetation, and to humans in the case of the latter, which demonstrates the importance of monitoring the prevalence of these parasitic diseases in wild rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human teeth are storytellers, in that, through analysis of their size and shape osteoarchaeologists are able to 'talk' to the dead and translate biological data into social meaning. This concept has been explored in parts of the world through investigations of biological similarity and kinship, but few have focused in depth on early medieval populations who emphasized the importance of family and kinship. This paper presents the results from four early Anglo-Saxon cemeteries which highlight the utility of dental metrics in identifying biological similarity within the skeletal assemblages. 5988 mesiodistal and buccolingual measurements were recorded from the identifiable permanent dentition of adult individuals from early Anglo-Saxon cemeteries in the UK counties of Cambridgeshire and Kent. Results from statistical hierarchical cluster analysis of dental metric data revealed that it was possible to identify individuals within the cemetery sites that were more similar to one another according to their dental metrics. This similarity was not attributed statistically to biological sex or shared familial environment, as similarity between individuals could be found between males and females and few significant differences were found across the sites sampled. It was found that tooth metrics provided a meaningful biological dataset from which current theories regarding the identity of Anglo-Saxon individuals and families could be refined and improved. These types of data are useful as building blocks which help to bridge the gap between social constructs and human skeletal remains in order to substantiate interpretations about past populations in more significant ways. This work supports the need for multidisciplinary approaches to bioarchaeological investigations of past people while highlighting the utility of human dentition to enhance such areas of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). They are therefore recommended to follow a healthy diet and be physically active in order to reduce that risk. However, achieving and maintaining these behaviours in the postpartum period is challenging. This study sought to explore women's views on suggested practical approaches to achieve and maintain a healthy diet and physical activity to reduce T2DM risk. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with 20 participants in Cambridgeshire, UK were conducted at three to 48 months after GDM. The participants' current diet and physical activity, intentions for any changes, and views on potential interventions to help manage T2DM risk through these behaviours were discussed. Framework analysis was used to analyse the transcripts. The interview schedule, suggested interventions, and thematic framework were based on a recent systematic review. Results: Most of the participants wanted to eat more healthily and be more active. A third of the participants considered that postpartum support for these behaviours would be transformative, a third thought it would be beneficial, and a third did not want additional support. The majority agreed that more information about the impact of diet and physical activity on diabetes risk, support to exercise with others, and advice about eating healthily, exercising with a busy schedule, monitoring progress and sustaining changes would facilitate a healthy diet and physical activity. Four other suggested interventions received mixed responses. It would be acceptable for this support to be delivered throughout pregnancy and postpartum through a range of formats. Clinicians were seen to have important roles in giving or signposting to support. Conclusions: Many women would appreciate more support to reduce their T2DM risk after GDM and believe that a variety of interventions to integrate changes into their daily lives would help them to sustain healthier lifestyles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on a unique resurvey of the composition of a species rich ancient hedgerow in Cambridgeshire, UK, 27 years after the original study. The hedge contained sections that were unmanaged and unaffected by agrochemicals, as well as sections which were cut annually, adjacent to an intensively managed arable field. Between the two surveys there was a general decline in species richness in all sections of the hedge, particularly in ground flora normally associated with ancient woodland. A mean of 0.42 woody species per 30-m length of hedgerow was lost in 27 years. Contrary to a priori expectation, there was no suggestion that damage was greater in the farmed section. These results highlight that zero management is not an appropriate option for maintaining the floral diversity of species rich and ancient hedgerows. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Excavations at Knobb's Farm, Somersham, Cambridgeshire, uncovered three small late Roman cemeteries, positioned at the edge of a farming settlement. The 52 burials found included 17 decapitated bodies and 13 prone burials – far higher than the British average. In two cases, cut marks show decapitation to have been the mechanism of death, and cuts on two other bodies indicate they experienced extreme violence. We conclude that the decapitations were the result of judicial execution. The significance of the prone burials is less clear, but it is demonstrably related to decapitation. Supplementary material is available online (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X21000064) and comprises a detailed osteological report and skeleton catalogue, specialist reports, DNA and isotopic analyses, and a complete description of the settlement's development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Populations of Reeves' muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) have become well established in central, southern and eastern England as a result of introduction and colonisation. Although it is widely acknowledged as a species capable of damaging conservation woodland, information on its impacts has often been difficult to unravel because of the presence of other species of deer. In the county of Cambridgeshire, however, it is the most abundant and widespread species, allowing the nature and extent of its impacts to be described in woods where other deer are absent or rare. This article reviews published information and presents new analysis of data. The muntjac has significantly impacted a substantial proportion of conservation woodlands in the county, forming especially high densities in larger woods which are often designated as Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Management by means of fencing and particularly by culling has proved effective in reducing impacts by muntjac in individual woods and in the county as a whole. Timescales of colonisation leading up to causing impacts are also discussed to provide information to assist decision making in other regions or countries where muntjac are currently colonising or may colonise in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies the effects of eleven cutting treatments on roadside vegetation at two sites in Cambridgeshire, England. Vascular plant species-richness of the vegetation; Effects of cutting frequency on the frequency of coarse growing species; Frequencies of individual species.

summary For a number of species, population biologists have estimated the age of apparent clones. In studying a colony of naturalized Aster novi-belgii L. (first recorded as Aster salignus Willd.) growing at Wicken Fen Nature Reserve, Cambridgeshire, England, we have attempted to determine from a considerable body of historic records, its age, structure and development. While it is highly likely that the records refer to the colony in its present position on the Fen, there is uncertainty about its age and conflicting information about its position. A. novi-belgii is a self-incompatible species. Plants of the Wicken colony exhibit little variation and preliminary tests show that their achenes are sterile. As a working hypothesis, for further testing, we suggest that all the plants may be of a single clone. Population biologists, who are interested in determining the age and development of clones of plants, are likely to be disappointed both by the extent and the vagueness of historic records. This situation is understandable as the information was recorded for taxonomic purposes. The hope is expressed that the intensive studies now being made of populations of plants will result in the long-term survival in the public domain of detailed records and maps, which will enable future generations to study the age and development of clones of herbaceous species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article cites a study which seeks to measure the effects of copper on the Lumbricid Aporrectodea rosea using combined non-invasive cell isolation and neutral-red retention assay (NRR). It also described the combination of an analogous extraction technique combined with a modified NRR assay to incorporate the advantages of non-destructiveness into a rapid cost bioassay. The study used samples of the earthworm from uncontaminated grassland site in Cambridgeshire, Great Britain. Coelomocytes showed minimal trauma and possessed a viability of more than 90 percent that was assessed using the Eosin Y test using cell survivorship. The NRR time for coelomocytes was exposed to soil copper levels showing that the response of NRR was sensitive to low metal concentrations.

The article reports on the factors which affect the distribution of Mercurialis perennis specie in the woodlands of Cambridgeshire. The distribution of Mercurialis perennis is influenced by the annual occurrence of soil water logging. It is affected by well-drained and better-aerated soils of the woodlands. It is connected on the low oxygen concentrations and presence of toxic quantities of ferrous ions of soils. It also depends on the capacity of the Mercurialis perennis to produce an effective intercellular air-space system to protect its root's oxidation.

At the beginning of 2000 several clinics in Cambridgeshire and Suffolk, both in England, saw an increase in new cases of infectious syphilis. This cluster of cases was unusual in that unlike other clusters reported in Great Britain it involved transmission of syphilis locally by heterosexual sex among predominantly white middle aged individuals, some of whom had met their sexual contacts through Internet chat rooms. This cluster of cases was reported initially in the journal "Communicable Diseases Review." At least two other papers have been submitted for publication on this cluster. There are a number of lessons that can be learnt from the experience in Cambridgeshire.

This article aims to describe what makes a good psychologist from the perspective of a student at the beginning of her professional journey. It also describes the role and practices of psychologists based on her experience of participating in a mentoring programme in Cambridgeshire, England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the work of Henry Morris (1889–1961), in particular his ideas on the Cambridgeshire village colleges. It is now 90 years since the first of these was founded in Sawston in 1930, and the article aims to address the issue of whether Morris's views on education and democracy encapsulated in the village colleges still have relevancy in the early twenty‐first century. An overview of Morris's career and the creation of the village colleges is investigated, using the work of Paul Hirst and associative democracy as a theoretical lens. It is argued that the Cambridgeshire village colleges do have some attributes of associative democracy, particularly their original emphasis as sites of local democracy and participation from voluntary bodies and private individuals. However, Morris's role as Cambridgeshire's Chief Education Officer (1922–1954) meant that the local state (in the guise of the County Council) played a more significant role in the village colleges than Hirst advocates for his version of associative democracy. As English primary and secondary schools turn from local authority control to academy status, Morris's vision for local schools of and for local people is becoming increasingly compromised. The article ends with the work of Allen and Gann, both influenced by Morris, who argue for a revitalised form of comprehensive schooling and lifelong learning that again sees educational institutions as sites of grassroots democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article compares and contrasts two dictionaries: The American Heritage College Dictionary and the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. This review is written to provide English language learners – and others – who are taking undergraduate-level courses in linguistics, with in-depth advice on how to best support and augment their previously assigned textbooks. Specifically, the author seeks to make a case for how these two dictionaries are the most constructive for students taking courses that focus on semantics and pragmatics. Both of these texts contain extensive and detailed knowledge for students majoring in English. The reviewer examines key aspects of the two volumes in this comparison, including: front and back matter, range of contents and illustrations, and the organization of the entries. Other areas that are explored are how each dictionary deals with connotational meaning, collocational information, expressions related to the headword, and controversial usage issues. The findings of this author reveal that both texts are valuable additions to the library of any undergraduate student studying linguistics and the English language. Each volume has its strong points, making both dictionaries beneficial and essential to students of English. However, these particular texts are strongly recommended for the student for whom English is not the native language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines whether catchment‐scale natural flood management (NFM) interventions could help to manage water levels in downstream urban watercourses and promote free discharge from surface drainage outfalls. A coupled modelling approach consisting of Dynamic TOPMODEL, HEC‐RAS, and Infoworks ICM models is used to characterise the response from a small Cambridgeshire catchment. Four different NFM scenarios (consisting of in‐channel woody debris and wider catchment afforestation) are defined. The attenuation of catchment response created by these measures is evaluated for an historic event and six different design storms. The consequent moderation of water depths at two downstream drainage outfalls is investigated with respect to maintaining free discharge from a surface drainage system. The case study results show that greatest reductions in the time of outfall inundation from NFM occur during frequent storm events (e.g., up to 5.75 hr during a 5‐year event). These reductions diminish with increasing storm severity but, by slightly desynchronising rural and urban responses, upstream interventions continue to have modest benefit for downstream drainage performance (e.g., preventing system capacity being exceeded during a 100‐year event). These results may interest water companies (increasingly involved in catchment‐scale NFM projects) looking to improve performance of surface water drainage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Less than 20% of adolescents globally meet recommended levels of physical activity, and not meeting these recommended levels is associated with social disadvantage and rising disease risk. The determinants of physical activity in adolescents are multilevel and poorly understood, but the school's social environment likely plays an important role. We conducted a cluster randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of a school-based programme (GoActive) to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among adolescents.Methods and Findings: Non-fee-paying, co-educational schools including Year 9 students in the UK counties of Cambridgeshire and Essex were eligible for inclusion. Within participating schools (n = 16), all Year 9 students were eligible and invited to participate. Participants were 2,862 13- to 14-year-olds (84% of eligible students). After baseline assessment, schools were computer-randomised, stratified by school-level pupil premium funding (below/above county-specific median) and county (control: 8 schools, 1,319 participants, mean [SD] participants per school n = 165 [62]; intervention: 8 schools, 1,543 participants, n = 193 [43]). Measurement staff were blinded to allocation. The iteratively developed, feasibility-tested 12-week intervention, aligned with self-determination theory, trained older adolescent mentors and in-class peer-leaders to encourage classes to conduct 2 new weekly activities. Students and classes gained points and rewards for engaging in any activity in or out of school. The primary outcome was average daily minutes of accelerometer-assessed MVPA at 10-month follow-up; a mixed-methods process evaluation evaluated implementation. Of 2,862 recruited participants (52.1% male), 2,167 (76%) attended 10-month follow-up measurements; we analysed the primary outcome for 1,874 participants (65.5%). At 10 months, there was a mean (SD) decrease in MVPA of 8.3 (19.3) minutes in the control group and 10.4 (22.7) minutes in the intervention group (baseline-adjusted difference [95% confidence interval] -1.91 minutes [-5.53 to 1.70], p = 0.316). The programme cost £13 per student compared with control; it was not cost-effective. Overall, 62.9% of students and 87.3% of mentors reported that GoActive was fun. Teachers and mentors commented that their roles in programme delivery were unclear. Implementation fidelity was low. The main methodological limitation of this study was the relatively affluent and ethnically homogeneous sample.Conclusions: In this study, we observed that a rigorously developed school-based intervention was no more effective than standard school practice at preventing declines in adolescent physical activity. Interdisciplinary research is required to understand educational-setting-specific implementation challenges. School leaders and authorities should be realistic about expectations of the effect of school-based physical activity promotion strategies implemented at scale.Trial Registration: ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN31583496. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this essay are two-fold. Firstly, it seeks to provide a semantic analysis of the expository apposition marker þet is as it is employed in the Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 402 of Ancrene Wisse. This is in order to provide comparative data with the research of Pahta and Nevanlinna concerning the expository apposition marker that is. Secondly, it seeks to establish the relationship between the expository apposition marker that is and its accompanying punctus in order to reveal scribal attempts at the differentiating use of the punctus, depending on the first appositive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]