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The General Medical Council hearing into events at the Bristol Royal Infirmary resulted in verdicts of serious professional misconduct against three senior doctors. After the longest-running hearing in the GMC’s history the press response was fierce. This paper reviews the reporting of the Bristol case (and issues arising from it) in the main broadsheet and tabloid national newspapers (dailies and Sundays) in the 5-week period around the GMC’s delivery of the verdicts and subsequent sentencing. The aim was to describe the main themes emerging from the press coverage and to assess the implications for future debates over clinical performance and accountability. Media interest in the Bristol case was intense (184 published items in 5 weeks). The reporting was emotive and largely hostile, raising doubts about not just isolated lapses of care but also the possibility of more systematic failings. Diminished trust and reduced public confidence were recurrent themes, powerfully expressed. Professional self-regulation received scathing criticism, with calls for more public access to individual performance data. Future debates about clinical governance will need to take account of the new public context in the wake of Bristol. Arguments about the relative merits of self-regulation or data-driven performance management systems now need to be played out for a knowing and openly sceptical print media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comments on an article on populist journalism, in relation to a court hearing in Bristol, England in 1998. Excerpt from an editorial on professional self-regulation; Issue surrounding the revalidation of doctors by Great Britain's General Medical Council; Criticism against the practice of journalism.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to report on a research day on the theme of diversity, held at the Centre for Employment Studies Research - formerly the Employment Studies Research Unit at the University of the West of England, Bristol, UK. Design/methodology/approach - The report is based upon observations, notes and discussions of the papers presented that represented work in progress on a range of diversity issues, specifically ethnicity, gender, age and disability. Findings - The presentations highlighted the mixed outcomes of anti-discrimination legislation in the context of organisational objectives and practices and individual worker attitudes. Originality/value - This report brings together a number of important themes, highlighting and synthesising the complex relationship between anti-discrimination legislation and the role of organisations and employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid the normalisation of xenophobic narratives surrounding migration, and an overarching 'hostile environment' regulating asylum in Britain, this paper explores music-making as a unique lens to highlight the negotiation of belonging, uncertainty and marginality amongst a group of fifty forced migrants in Bristol. Through a focus addressing the nexus between power, affect and the everyday, this paper discusses how the dehumanising processes that characterise the British asylum regime operate in and through the spaces, bodies and objects constituting its 'ordinary' materiality. Concurrently, this paper addresses how the entanglement of bodies, 'things' and sounds emerging from the co-creation of weekly music groups enabled the group participants to negotiate pleasure, expression and sociality in a context of enforced marginality and uncertainty. Consequently, this paper discusses the music-making sessions as affective practices of diasporic belonging: relationalities arising from multiple forms of displacement that enabled momentary, but productive domains of sociability, co-presence and solidarity beyond ethnic, national, gendered and religious lines. The conclusions consider the contributions of theoretical approaches enabling researchers (and potentially advocates and community organisers) to recognise the stakes and significance of forced migrants' (in)visible forms of sociality that take place beside the discursive and institutional frames of State and humanitarian interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents summaries of papers presented at the BAD Investigative Group Meeting, held in Bristol, England in January 1982. Some of the topics are: raised arachidonic acid and prostaglandin levels in dithranol erythema, the effect of benzoyl peroxide on cutaneous micro-organisms in vitro, vascular changes in urticaria and urticarial vasculitis; a light and electron microscopic study, definition of a critical period in the MSH control of coat colour in the agouti mouse, irritant reactions to dithranol in normal subjects and psoriatic patients, and others.

The UN has stated its aim to eliminate 'Female Genital Mutilation' by 2030. In adherence to this, many countries have introduced or enhanced legislative and policy measures aimed at prevention through surveillance and punishment. In the European context, while protecting young girls from harm is the notional purpose of such measures, political and media debates have often been framed within nation-building rhetoric: across Europe 'FGM' has become the de rigour signifier of the vilified migrant/Muslim Other. This paper explores the impact of FGM-safeguarding measures in relation to citizenship and belonging for people of Somali heritage living in Bristol, England. It contributes to the incipient critical scholarship concerned with the powerful but blinkered hegemonic narrative pedalled by the UN and the policy turn within Europe towards prevention-through-criminalisation. Further, it advances debates on the conundrum of inclusive citizenship considering how a policy intervention which was initiated with widespread support among affected groups and undertaken on an anti-racist platform, resulted in stigmatisation and racism. Using Anderson's (Us and Them? The Dangerous Politics of Immigration Control. Oxford: OUP) framework of citizenship as a 'community of value', the paper also contributes to the growing body of work on how citizenship is experienced and the symbiotic and interdependent relationship between status, rights and identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What role does child psychotherapy have to play in addressing the mental health needs of children in areas of disadvantage? This paper will discuss an innovative programme of school-based mental health work, led by child psychotherapists in Bristol. Referencing child psychotherapy's early work with severely deprived children, and the pioneering work in schools by colleagues such as Youell and Jackson, the paper describes how the Bridge in Schools (BiS) has developed a local response to the high level of unmet mental health needs of children, especially in deprived areas of the city. We consider the challenges and opportunities to be found in building partnerships with school teams, and applying child psychotherapy in a school environment. We explore the relevance of child psychotherapy, both in developing therapeutic approaches to learning and behaviour management that provide containment for vulnerable children, and in offering effective and timely therapeutic interventions. We draw on evaluation data to show that this approach can significantly improve access and outcomes for families who currently do not reach CAMHS thresholds. Finally, we consider how these developments in child psychotherapy give us unique opportunities to contribute to the government's current re-design of child mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We know the policy of quarantining plague victims and their families together within their households entailed considerable costs and controversy in early modern Europe. Less clear is the extent to which the authorities implemented the policy in the face of this. This paper presents a novel approach to the measurement of enforcement which relies on linking deceased individuals listed in parish registers into household groups and then measuring changes in within‐household mortality between parishes and epidemics. This provides a more complete assessment of the scale of implementation than would be possible using documentary sources alone. Measuring within‐household mortality allows us to understand patterns of quarantine enforcement in settlements across early modern Europe. Here the focus is restricted to three epidemics that occurred in Bristol – one of England's most populous and prosperous cities. The analysis reveals household quarantine was enforced in 1603–4 with unprecedented vigour. The effects of quarantine are particularly pronounced in the affluent parishes where elite residence was highest. Greater evidence for enforcement is explained by greater elite oversight and control, as well as their desire to protect their own households. The scale of the impact is shocking. Household quarantine could double within household mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the highlights of 1st Radical British Screens symposium, which was held on September 3, 2010 at Bush House in Bristol, England. Clare Johnson discussed the feminist perspective of the Sam Taylor-Wood's film "David," in which she focused on impact of having a female film-maker in revealing the vulnerability of the protagonist. Kayla Parker dealt with the use of camera as a way to look at the radical language body. The symposium also featured a plenary discussion that was led by UWE Film Studies.

Provides information on the Annual General Meeting of the Applied Vision Association which was held in Bristol, England on March 31, 2004. Changes in the association; Topics discussed during the meeting; Papers presented during the conference.

This article presents information on the 1995 National Conference of the British Accounting Association that was held between April 5-7, 1995 in Bristol, England. Some 270 delegates gathered to present and listen to 130 papers, spread over as many as thirteen parallel sessions. Topics of papers ranged from accounting theory through financial reporting, management accounting and finance to accounting history and critical accounting, and adopted a very wide range of research approaches, from biographical history to statistical market-based analyses. The conference opened with a plenary session in which professor Cyril Tomkins discussed the relevance of research in accounting and finance to the everyday financial director. He noted that the British government intended that research in the natural and social sciences funded by public money should be directed at improving Great Britain's international economic position, effectiveness of public services and public policy, and quality of life, and challenged those attending the conference to think how relevant their own research might be on these criteria.

The past decade has seen many calls for the development of unified ‘world historical archaeologies’ of the past 500 years. While the field benefits from growing international exchanges and collaborations, retaining the diversity of regional traditions is a major and emerging challenge. As the field increasingly tests the temporal, geographical and interdisciplinary limits of archaeological perspectives, engaging with the diversity of modern material, these complexities remain little discussed, and the situations and contingencies of disciplinary narratives, priorities and interactions remain unproblematized. Exploring these matters, this paper considers transatlantic interactions between British and North American traditions of historical archaeology over the past two decades, journeying between two garden landscapes – in Annapolis and Bristol. After considering Mark Leone's 1984 study of the William Paca garden in Annapolis, Maryland, and its subsequent reinterpretations, the paper discusses an eighteenth-century ‘eclectic’ garden at Goldney in Bristol. The paper argues that situational and ‘symmetrical’, rather than interpretative, approaches to archaeological material would aid the development of multi-vocal and inclusive ‘world historical archaeologies’, acknowledging and celebrating the archaeological complexities that are encountered in the past and the disciplinary present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been much debate about the impact of recession and austerity on the voluntary and community sector over recent years. Using secondary data from the 2008 National Survey of Third Sector Organisations, Clifford et al. (2013), writing in this journal, have argued that voluntary sector organisations located in more deprived local authorities are likely to suffer most due to the combined effect of cuts in government funding in these areas and their greater dependency on statutory funding. This paper develops this argument by exploring the sector’s changing relationship with the state through an empirical analysis of the differential impact of recession and austerity on voluntary and community organisations involved in public service delivery in the two English core cities of Bristol and Liverpool. This paper highlights how the scale and unevenness of public spending cuts, the levels of voluntary sector dependency on statutory funding and the rising demands for the sector’s services in a period of recession and austerity are being experienced locally. It portrays a sector whose resilience is being severely tested and one that is being forced rapidly to restructure and reposition itself in an increasingly challenging funding environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Discussant paper provides a personal and largely favourable assessment of the Second International Conference on Social Psychology and Language held in Bristol, July 1983. It compares, impressionistically, the papers presented in 1983 with those delivered at the First Bristol Conference in 1979 by means of 15 evaluatively-loaded dimensions and appraises the contents of the 10 symposia convened on particular themes according to six of these judgmental criteria. This critique suggests that while few advances have been made on some fronts, significant developments have emerged on important others, particularly with respect to functional and theoretical analyses. The paper concludes optimisti cally and locates much previous research in the social psychology of language in one small portion of a three-dimensional space whilst advocating that research priorities ought now to be directed (albeit in the short-term) towards a contrastive segment of this space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – As becoming a mother becomes increasingly embedded in the marketplace, this paper explores how a group of low-income pregnant and newly parenting young mothers engaged with expansive markets for the new mother and baby. Design/methodology/approach – This paper draws on an extended period of fieldwork carried out at a Pupil Referral Unit and a Mother and Baby Unit in the city of Bristol, UK. The research took a staged and incremental approach, incorporating aspects of participant observation, activity-based focus groups and a photo elicitation exercise. Findings – This paper highlights the anxiety the young women experienced around their ability (or lack thereof) to participate in practices of childrearing consumption and details how the young women strived to provide well for their children despite their limited incomes, developing a sophisticated knowledge of markets and adopting a range of budgeting and smart shopping strategies to ensure they could acquire the “stuff” their children “needed”. Originality/value – Contrary to popular discourse, the young women emerge as careful and pragmatic consumers who plan and manage their finances carefully, and the paper acknowledges skills that are often missing from accounts of young mothers and working-class people more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely recognised that large urban centres exhibit significant and enduring patterns of educational inequality. This paper explores the social production of urban educational space. In particular, it argues that since these patterns are geographical, it will be useful to revisit the emergence of an ‘urban crisis’ in education and attempts, by geographers, in the 1970s and 1980s, to explain spatial differences in educational attainment. For much of the past two decades, educational policy has tended to adopt an ‘a-spatial’ approach, and the final part of the paper looks forward to the prospect of an updated and culturally informed analysis of education in cities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The progressive commercialisation of motherhood, babyhood and childhood means that consumption is becoming an increasingly important terrain through which maternal identity, style and parenting practices are displayed and 'caring projects' are enacted. Whilst all mothers may seek to act meaningfully by consuming for their children, this paper argues that aspects of material culture hold particular value for teenage mothers who are positioned outside the boundaries of normative mothering and are often managing on limited financial resources. Consumption emerges as an important site for oppositional strategies through which the young women who took part in this study seek to re-image themselves as respectable carers and deflect negative associations of poverty away from their children. The young mothers' investment in consumer goods, however, is often subject to public scrutiny, criticism and ridicule, and their spending is a site for policy intervention. This paper argues that these young mothers' consumption practices should not be seen as problematic, trivial or pathological, but rather they can be understood as an expression of resilience in the face of a sensation of public visibility, judgement and condemnation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - This paper aims to review the practitioner-based teaching model for the MSc in Information and Library Management (ILM) at the University of the West of England (UWE). With input from students, practitioners and academics it considers the advantages and disadvantages of this approach and questions whether this is indeed the way forward for LIS education. Design/methodology/approach - A case study approach is used with views gained from students, practitioners and academic staff involved in the course. These views were gained from a combination of informal focus groups, informal interviews and a short e-mail questionnaire asking current students their views on practitioner involvement in the course. Findings - Findings reveal a model of practitioner-based learning on the MSc ILM at UWE, which is meeting student and employer needs in terms of the skills they require in their future roles. Findings also raise questions as to how one can best ensure the involvement of practitioners in the future of the course; whether practitioner input is needed from a broader range of roles outside the library and information service; and how one can best maintain a balance of academic and practical skills. Practical implications - The study suggests that more thought may be needed on securing practitioner involvement in the development and delivery of LIS education and further consideration on whether some of that involvement should be from a wider range of roles. Originality/value - The paper identifies the need to consider how to best ensure the ongoing involvement of practitioners in LIS education, particularly those outside academic libraries, whilst maintaining the balance of academic rigour. It is valuable to those involved in designing and delivering course content and to those thinking about getting involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many education systems, young peoples' 'disaffection' is increasingly equated with non-participation in education, training and employment. There is also an expectation that educational activity can provide a key response to this situation. Drawing upon a case study of a successful development project based in Bristol, England which utilized an 'alternative' assessment regime in raising the participation and attainments of young people defined as disengaged from schooling, the paper considers a series of key issues. These include: the nature of the provision; the difficulties of understanding and evaluating it in a climate of performativity; a distinctive concept of learning promoted by the assessment practices; and the role of individual and networked professional mediation in creating the 'space' for the initiative. The paper concludes that the case study project represents a 'marriage of convenience' between the expectations of a culture of performativity and, on the other hand, a horizontal community of practice which provides a strong professional framework for action, and that there are implications for both practice and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actors in health organizations often participate in language games which encompass clinical, professional, and organizational subject matter. Such language games intersect within the hospital environment. This paper appraises issues of clinical risk through the re-examination of the language games which formed a part of one of Britain's worst medical disasters, namely the Bristol Royal Infirmary tragedy. A textual, grounded analysis of transcripts from the oral hearings of the ‘Bristol Inquiry’ (n = 74) provides the paper with a qualitative dataset, within which medical language games are analysed. The paper concludes that clinical actors work within discourses of risk (McDonald et al. 2005) that are partly constructed within, and by, participation in language games (Wittgenstein 1953). In the case of the Bristol Royal Infirmary tragedy, these games manifested contrasting interpretations of risk and safety which reflected a tainted interpretation of data by different parties at different times of the unfolding tragedy. Sensemaking of reputation appears to have played an important part in the construction of these interpretations of risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Bristol City Council has received national and international recognition for its local e-democracy work. This paper seeks to tell the story of three phases of development of local e-democracy in Bristol. In summarising findings from the national evaluation of the Local E-democracy Project, the paper also aims to consider stage four - where Bristol's e-democracy programme is headed next. Design/methodology/approach - Bristol acted as a lead authority on the evaluation of the Local E-democracy National Project. This was a large multi-method academic study, which set out to examine the aspirations and experiences of a variety of "actors" involved in more than 20 e-democracy pilot projects across England. Professors Stephen Coleman of the Oxford Internet Institute and Ann Macintosh of the International Tele-democracy Centre at Napier University undertook the evaluation, working with Bristol City Council as part of an E-democracy Experts Group. Findings - Findings from the national evaluation have been published in reports covering "top-down" (authority-led) and "ground-up" (community-led) approaches to local e-democracy. This paper applies evaluation findings to Bristol City Council's experiences. It highlights how authorities can use e-democracy to move between information sharing and consultation and then to creating space and conditions for ground-up participation. Research limitations/implications - The paper focuses on common themes, rather than an in-depth account of all of the national evaluation findings as they relate to each project that was considered. As a case study, this paper concerns the particular experiences of Bristol City Council. Practical implications - The study offers insight aimed at local authority e-democracy practitioners. - Originality/value - Over the past five years, Bristol City Council has accumulated considerable practical experience of local e-democracy. The authority has benefited from a close association with leading academic experts, leaving it perhaps uniquely positioned to share learning from critical self-reflection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a discourse of diversity, specialism, equality and choice, selective schooling is again on the UK education agenda. A previous selection policy operated between 1944 and 1964. The argument that some children are more suited to a vocational education and others to an academic one is evident now and then. This paper focuses on the life‐histories of four ‘50‐something’ women sent to ‘bilateral’ schools in Bristol, England. With children from the same primary school or street, they found themselves on differing sides of a divide between grammar and secondary‐modern education. The paper explores the practices through which White working class children received contrasting experiences of the same school, where different gendered‐classed identities, aspirations and expectations were constructed. The co‐existence of firmly separated grammar and modern streams within one school allows an analysis of everyday practices of selective schooling, of the means by which one was constantly constructed against the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about my job as a research supporter. I was part of a team, with three people with learning difficulties. They had paid jobs as researchers. The project was at a People First organisation, and it was about direct payments.These are the things I tried to do in my job:It is not always easy to do these things. The supporter needs to learn how to step back, and find ways for researchers with learning difficulties to do things for themselves.It is important that people with learning difficulties know how powerful they can be when they are doing research.People First organisations need to decide for themselves about the research they may want to do.Thank you to CHANGE for the use of pictures from their PictureBank. In a previous article [Brit J Learn Disabil27: 48–51], entitled‘Researching Together’, I described the process by which a team of People First researchers and myself worked together on a small-scale project in Bristol. The project was started by self advocates, and followed their own ideas, although they had support. Walmsley refers to it [Disabil Soc16: 198] as a‘team approach, rather than one where the people with learning disabilities are in charge’, admitting that the title‘Researching Together’ led her to this conclusion. My basic aim in writing this sequel, then, is to consider the notion of‘together’. Is the equation of togetherness about equal roles, or does it automatically imply that one partner is more powerful than the others? This is a practice paper, which offers some analysis of our own experiences in a large-scale, funded research project, in which the self advocates had paid employment as researchers. All members of the team can contribute to this kind of reflexivity. The article concludes that inclusive research is something new, with its own hallmarks and styles. The research supporter has to remain aware of the potential power in her own role, and to be prepared to divest herself of that power and to step back, so that People First members take control of the process of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the 7th International Conference on Technology and Mathematics Teaching (ICTMT-7) in Bristol, England in July 2005. The event brought together educators, researchers and innovators who had interest in enhancing the teaching and learning of mathematics through the use of Information and Communications Technology. The conference was the result of the collaboration between its organisers and John Cabot City Technology College in Bristol. ICTMT-7 contributors had the opportunity to submit full version of their papers, for a chance to be included in the issues of International Journal for Technology in Mathematics Education.

Background: The Bristol Girls Dance Project was a cluster randomised controlled trial that aimed to increase objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels of Year 7 (age 11-12) girls through a dance-based after-school intervention. The intervention was delivered in nine schools and consisted of up to forty after-school dance sessions. This paper reports on the main findings from the detailed process evaluation that was conducted.Methods: Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from intervention schools. Dose and fidelity were reported by dance instructors at every session. Intervention dose was defined as attending two thirds of sessions and was measured by attendance registers. Fidelity to the intervention manual was reported by dance instructors. On four randomly-selected occasions, participants reported their perceived level of exertion and enjoyment. Reasons for non-attendance were self-reported at the end of the intervention. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with all dance instructors who delivered the intervention (n = 10) and school contacts (n = 9) in intervention schools. A focus group was conducted with girls who participated in each intervention school (n = 9).Results: The study did not affect girls' MVPA. An average of 31.7 girls participated in each school, with 9.1 per school receiving the intervention dose. Mean attendance and instructors' fidelity to the intervention manual decreased over time. The decline in attendance was largely attributed to extraneous factors common to after-school activities. Qualitative data suggest that the training and intervention manual were helpful to most instructors. Participant ratings of session enjoyment were high but perceived exertion was low, however, girls found parts of the intervention challenging.Conclusions: The intervention was enjoyed by participants. Attendance at the intervention sessions was low but typical of after-school activities. Participants reported that the intervention brought about numerous health and social benefits and improved their dance-based knowledge and skills. The intervention could be improved by reducing the number of girls allowed to participate in each school and providing longer and more in-depth training to those delivering the intervention.Trial Registration: ISRCTN52882523 Registered 25th April 2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In May 2012, 10 of England's largest cities, outside London, were required to hold referendums giving citizens the option of introducing a directly-elected mayor. Bristol was the only city to vote in favour of the mayoral model. This paper outlines the main themes that feature in current debates about urban leadership. It presents a framework for understanding place-based leadership and, by drawing on a current researchproject on mayoral governance in Bristol, highlights the existence of very different perceptions of how to improve city leadership and democratic accountability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities looking to embark on more sustainable development pathways may need to evaluate the controversial but usually impactful measure of road pricing as a means of reducing their reliance on conventionally fuelled automobiles. Understanding the mechanisms determining the public acceptability of road pricing could be critical for its implementation. Studying the attitudes of older people is of particular significance because of their increasing demographic and political importance and vulnerability to transport-related social exclusion. Prior research identified that older people's social norms and pro-social values affect their attitudes to road pricing. The present paper extends this understanding based on the results of three focus groups conducted in Bristol, UK. According to these, there are three distinctive expressions of pro-sociality: pro-environmental values and generativity, which are mainly drivers of support for road pricing, and pro-equity values, which are mainly drivers of opposition. Social norms have two particular expressions: subjective norms (i.e. norms reflecting participants' immediate social environment) and norms about others and society in general. Furthermore, a theory-driven thematic analysis indicates that trust on the integrity of the concept and older age as a life stage associated with ageing, retirement, lower income, mobility barriers and deteriorating health are important in how attitudes reflecting and affecting public acceptability to road pricing form. Finally, the paper highlights the need for packaging road pricing with measures promoting its pro-social potential and the importance of peer-to-peer communication and accepting citizens as “social influencers”, tailored consultation, pro-social branding, pre-implementation trials, clear administrative roles, transparency, and “political patience”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the fate of Banksy’s (2014) Mobile Lovers which was painted overnight on the door of the Broad Plains Youth Club in Bristol. The subsequent removal of Mobile Lovers from the youth club for safeguarding in the Bristol Museum afforded the work a seemingly neutral zone of protection. However, the museum was also represented as an agent of the city, and as a democratic space, where visitors, as ‘the people’, were encouraged to record their own preferences for the future of the work. Rancière’s conceptualization of democracy as a disruptive process, rather than an established consensual state of affairs, is employed to challenge an understanding of the museum’s strategies as self-evidently democratic. Despite the high profile dispute between the youth club and the City of Bristol over who should be considered the proper beneficiary of Banksy’s work, it was agreed that it should be considered a ‘gift’ to the community and should thus be protected. The case of Mobile Lovers sets a socio-moral precedent for the safeguarding of street art, as it represents a novel recognition of the wishes of the community and the intentions of the artist in determining the fate of street art, and a rare acknowledgement of the moral rights of street artists to determine the first distribution of their work, over the rights of property owners, who are otherwise able to claim the tangible artworks on their walls as individual, rather than community, property. Ultimately, the perception of street art in socio-moral terms as a ‘gift’ enabled an orientation to, and subversion of, the legal strictures currently prohibiting the recognition of the moral rights of street artists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores Social Dreaming (SD) as a method for understanding the affective responses to one of the exhibitions that marked the bicentenary of the 1807 Act that abolished the British slave trade, Breaking the Chains: The Fight to End Slavery, at the British Empire and Commonwealth Museum (BECM) in Bristol. It asks whether SD can serve the evolving purposes and mission of museums and their role in society. The theory and practice of SD is described and findings are interpreted from a psychosocial and Deleuzian perspective. Finally the value and potential of SD is discussed as a process for attending to audience reactions to disturbing exhibitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Localism Agenda adopted by Coalition Government in 2010 reflected the rejection of the regional level and the ambition to rebalance national economy, by devolving economic and social responsibilities down to cities and local communities. The introduction of the Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs) as joint local authority-business bodies in charge of better coordinating public and private investments in several areas of economic development, has remodelled the governance of British city regions towards their increased autonomy from central government. Among the most relevant spatial impacts of the new institutional arrangement the reshaping of a new relationship between cities and their rural hinterlands emerges. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the planning policies at local and city-regional level dealing with and affecting rural areas in the context of Bristol City Region. It demonstrates that most of the failings of planning in supporting the development of rural areas relate to the rigidity of its policies and to the poor attitude towards the innovation of its tools. The paper argues that a more proactive and integrated approach for planning is needed to re-build stronger agri-food relations and to achieve a more sustainable land use management at city regional level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a Delphi methodology to generate a number of broadly consensual low carbon scenarios for 2050. This approach to ‘creating’ the future, rather than predicting, is useful when dealing with profound and uncertain change over a long period of time and is therefore suited to carbon management. The methodology is described, and the first stage of the consultation process is discussed with reference to its application in the UK city region of Bristol. Findings from the first round have resulted in the identification of seven working scenarios and patterns in the responses of individuals from different backgrounds, suggesting that strong world-views and agendas are present within groups. Subsequent rounds of a questionnaire and a backcasting workshop will refine these working scenarios and identify pathways to achieve them. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper intervenes in the debate on ethnic segregation in British cities by paying attention to the hitherto neglected phenomenon of territorial stigmatisation. It discusses the stigma attached to the neighbourhood of St Paul's, Bristol; how it emerged, how it is felt and negotiated by local residents 'from below', and its effects on how that neighbourhood is managed by policy elites 'from above'. The paper critically reviews some recent influential treatments of ethnic segregation in the UK and the moral panic over ghettoisation, before explaining how the racialisation of urban space and extreme events such as the riots of 1980 and recent high-profile activities connected to Bristol's drugs economy have installed a damaging reputation of St Paul's as a segregated 'ghetto' of vice and dereliction. Using a mixed-methods approach, we show that black-white segregation in St Paul's is in fact low, and then explain how its ghetto reputation affects the experiences of residents. The paper concludes by arguing that in order to understand the complexities of ethnically diverse urban communities in Britain, territorial stigmatisation must be subjected to analytical scrutiny to complement the high-profile statistical approaches of recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviews are presented of several articles from various periodicals, including "'A nest of warriors' -- the Holands of Northamptonshire 1314-1373" by D. Arden, published in "Northamptonshire Past and Present;" "A county community or the politics of the nation? Border service and baronial influence in the palatinate of Durham, 1377-1413" by M. Arvanigian, published in "Historical Research;" and "The social sources of late eighteenth-century English radicalism: Bristol in the 1770s and 1780s" by E. Baigent and J.E. Bradley, published in the "English Historical Review."

This paper outlines the development of the training of orthodontic therapists in the UK, the experiences of the first cohort to pass through the Bristol course, the roles and responsibilities of the therapist and possible issues with future orthodontic manpower planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the relevance and influenced of Alfred Pugsley's work to the practice of structural mechanics and structural engineering. Pugsley was appointed as chair of civil engineering at the University of Bristol in England and chaired a committee for the Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA). The authors concluded that he made contributions to the fundamentals of engineering analysis because he offers new ideas for the improvement of the field.

Following a discussion of recent policies for the city centre in Britain, the paper explores the contribution of residential development to aspects of sustainability, drawing on a range of survey evidence in Bristol and Swansea. The residents are frequent shoppers, helping to sustain the local daytime economy. Sustainability goals are also supported because large proportions of residents walk to city centre attractions, and many also to their places of work, showing reduced reliance on the private car. Support for the expanding nighttime economy reflects the age, gender and social class composition of the resident population, with different attractions receiving different levels of support from different social groups, but with younger adults as the mainstay. Sustainability in the city centre context appears best served by a majority of young adult residents, ameliorated by a sizeable proportion of older adults, and an absence of households with children. Grandiose government sustainability aims of creating the truly balanced community which includes many children, should be modified in this local context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bristol's eighteenth century ‘golden age’ has conventionally been linked to the rise of slavery in British America after 1660. This paper seeks to add substance to this linkage by exploring Bristol's involvement in the Atlantic slave trade, without which slavery in the Americas could not have developed to the level it did, and goes on to explore the impact of slave trafficking and the trades in slave-produced goods such as sugar and tobacco on income levels in the city in the 1780s. It suggests that in the late eighteenth century at least 40 per cent of the income of Bristolians derived from slavery-related activities. The paper concludes by offering some brief reflections on the relationship between slavery and British metropolitan development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the initial findings from a longitudinal quantitative study of two cohorts of students who entered the 10 pre-qualifying programmes of the Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of the West of England (UWE), Bristol, UK. The overall aim of the study is to explore students' attitudes to collaborative learning and collaborative working, both before and after qualification. On entry to the faculty, 852 students from all 10 programmes completed the UWE Entry Level Interprofessional Questionnaire, which gathered baseline data concerning their self-assessment of communication and teamwork skills, and their attitudes towards interprofessional learning and interprofessional interaction. Comparative analysis of these data was undertaken in terms of demographic variables such as age (i.e. older or younger than 21 years), experience of higher education, prior work experience and choice of professional programme. The results indicate that most students rated their communication and teamwork skills positively, and were favourably inclined towards interprofessional learning, but held negative opinions about interprofessional interaction. Some student groups differed in their responses to some sections of the questionnaire. Mature students, and those with experience of higher education or of working in health or social care settings, displayed relatively negative opinions about interprofessional interaction; social work and occupational therapy students were particularly negative in their responses, even after adjustment for confounding demographic variables. The paper concludes by considering the implications of the findings for interprofessional educational initiatives and for professional practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an example of using evaluation as a tool for encouraging democratic participation in the development of professional learning and course delivery. The new professional role of Connexions Personal Adviser (CPA) is being clarified and developed through participation of CPAs on a new national training programme, the Diploma for Connexions Personal Advisers, and the approach to evaluating the programme builds on the espoused values and principles of the Connexions Service. Whilst using findings from an evaluation of a specific training programme, the paper advocates a method that could be used on other professional programmes. A theme to emerge from the evaluation has been the identification of a gap between the rhetoric of the national policy and the reality of awareness at local delivery level. These findings have been instrumental in informing future developments and research in particular into the effectiveness of approaches to action learning, and an exploration of strategies to enable the effective transfer and integration of learning from education to workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on a survey carried out at the University of the West of England (UWE) into the use of electronic journals (e-journals) by academics and their attitudes towards them. The study is set within the context of the rapid expansion of e-journals and their potential impact on scholarly communication, and compared with previous user surveys reported in the literature. The findings suggest that while there is a high level of interest in, and acceptance of e-journals within the academic community, use of them is limited. Their impact on the role of the library is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Although exhibition opportunities for short films arc' expanding in the digital age, problems of obtaining .financial and marketing support remain. However, a number of creative initiatives, involving partnerships between companies, funding bodies and filmmakers, show that fundraising is possible even for projects that are difficult to sponsor. One of these is Brief Encounters, the Bristol Short Film Festival, which, over the past six years, has created long-term partnerships with a range of companies and funders, and built a new and successful festival. These creative partnerships are explored in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Joseph Cottle started his Bristol Album in 1795, recognizing the promise of his new circle of friends. Among those who contributed poems to this album were Southey, Coleridge, Wordsworth, William Gilbert, Dr Beddoes, and the anonymous author of a poem 'Evening', described in the album as 'Written by an Insane Man at Dr Fox's'. 'Evening' appears in the album immediately before a contribution in Coleridge's hand, and it has a number of verbal parallels with 'The Eolian Harp', which Coleridge was to start two months later. Dr Edward Long Fox, who in 1795 played a leading role in Bristol's radical community, was a medical practitioner who treated the mentally ill. This paper looks at how the poem was transmitted from the privacy of Fox's asylum to the pages of Cottle's album, and assesses its significance for that early Romantic writing circle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper argues that innovation is a key to both national and local economic growth. It examines the significance of military research and development (R&D) in the context of innovation-driven economic growth and also the prospects for such growth with accelerating cuts in expenditure on military R&D. It discusses the potential significance of cuts in military R&D for the main European countries in general. It then goes on to examine the changes taking place in Great Britain in Particular. This analysis leads to the conclusion that cuts are likely to affect those industrial sectors and places which have been most dependent on defense contracts primarily concerned with aerospace and electronics. The paper then examines case studies of aerospace, electronics, the Bristol Region in England and the Thames Valley in Great Britain. These are the industries and areas most likely to experience the effects of the peace dividend on R&D in Great Britain. The paper evaluates the local economic implications of cuts in defense R&D. It is argued that although R&D employment is only a small proportion of total employment, it has significant multiplier effects. Cuts will therefore have short-term effects in linked industries and long-term effects on local skill bases.

This paper reports the results of the first stage of an evaluation study of a health visitor caseload weighting system. In Bristol, health visitor caseloads are compiled annually to complete caseload weighting summaries based on 28 health and social factors known to reflect long-term health outcome. The main study aims to determine the validity and reliability of the caseload weighting system by assessing health visitor variation in interpretation of the health and social factors, the accuracy of caseload factor recording and methods of analysis used in interpreting their significance. This paper describes the exploratory phase of the study involving the distribution of a questionnaire to 252 health visitors in five Trust areas where no caseload weighting system operates. The purpose of the questionnaire and follow-up interviews with 28 health visitors was to develop a multiple-choice questionnaire to assess how health and social factors were being interpreted by health visitors using them in their everyday work. The study indicated that the 28 health and social factors were perceived to significantly influence the need for health visiting services. Some differences in perception of a small number of factors were identified according to the level of deprivation on the caseload. Health visitors' prioritization of child protection, and child protection related health and social factors, raised the possibility that caseload weighting might be used as a ‘child protection check list’ rather than as an overall measure of health visitor need. Interviews showed that a range of thresholds governs the health visitors' application of a particular factor to a family. Health visitor workload is also affected by other factors relating to practice location, which would need to be taken into account if these health and social factors were to be used for estimating workload. Health visitors not currently using the factors view them positively for the assessment of... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about the annual general meeting of the British Ecological Society held at the University College in London on January 6-7, 1949 and its thirty-fourth annual meeting held at Bristol University in London on January 9, 1948 are presented. Various woods and rare plants in Great Britain were discussed in the 1949 event accompanied by exhibits of various photographs of species while the 1948 meeting was about hydrography and ecology.