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Millennial climate change since the last deglaciation have drawn much attention. Even though the role of northern hemisphere is much focused on, how the tropic performed remains disputed. Here based on Mg/Ca and δ18O sw local from planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber , sub-millennial scale hydroclimate record throughout the early last deglaciation is presented from the northern South China Sea, near the northern boundary of Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Coupled with previous research, we speculate that rainbelt/ITCZ was located northerly from 19 to 18 ka, and migrated southward within two-steps during Heinrich 1 event. Northerly ITCZ during 19–18 ka was rendered by tropical warming since 19 ka through the Gill-Matsuno response, which strengthened Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, contributing to intense monsoon precipitation over east Asia, and dry conditions around the western Pacific. The subsequent two-steps ITCZ southward shift during Heinrich 1 was driven by weakened Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, which was produced by the lowering northern hemisphere ice-sheet at ∼16.2 ka. Step-wise shifted rainbelt/ITCZ documented from our record indicates multiple factors dominated sub-millennial scale climate change during the whole last deglaciation. We highlight the important roles of tropical warming and ocean circulation in initiating the last deglaciation and the subsequent climate change, respectively. • ITCZ located north from 18 to 19 ka BP. • Tropical rainbelt/ITCZ migrated southward twice over the early last deglaciation. • Tropical warming since 19 ka BP initiates the deglaciation by Gill-Matsuno response. • Variable Ocean circulation and ice-sheet altitude induced pervasive two-steps H1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible isolated splenial lesion (MERS) is a rare and complex clinico-radiological condition that aggregates various diseases. From a geographical point of view, most cases have been reported in Asia, especially in Japan. However, a very limited number of studies have properly evaluated Chinese patients diagnosed with MERS. Methods: Putative encephalitis/encephalopathy patients affected by a reversible isolated SCC lesion, as detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were retrospectively evaluated. Specifically, we reviewed extensive patient data, including prodromal and neurologic symptoms, neurologic examinations, MRI and electroencephalography (EEG) findings, laboratory results, treatments, and prognosis. Results: Six clinically mild encephalitis/encephalopathy patients, affected by a reversible isolated SCC lesion, were identified in a cohort of 22 patients. Six patients presented fever symptoms before the onset of neurological manifestations. Initial MRI data exhibited isolated SCC lesions with isointense or slightly hypointense on T1WI, hyperintense on T2WI, Flair, and DWI, as well as decreased ADC values, without contrast enhancement. EEG data indicated abnormalities (3/4), as well as elevated serum inflammatory markers (5/6) and hyponatremia (4/6). Cell content and protein yields were normal or slightly increased in the CSF of 6 patients, excluding one episode of significant increase in cell number. Patients were treated with corticosteroids, antivirals, and antibiotics, resulting in their full clinical recovery. SCC lesions mostly disappeared in all patients. Conclusion: In our study, the clinical features identified in all affected patients were mostly identical, which consisted of relatively mild CNS manifestations with a promising prognostic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroclimatic variations in central Asia are widely recognized to be tele-connected with the North Atlantic climate via the mid-latitude Westerlies. However, the long-term hydroclimatic variation and its response to North Atlantic climate changes are not fully understood. Here we report multi-decadal and centennial hydroclimatic variations in central Asia during the late Holocene using high-resolution oxygen and carbon isotopes of bulk carbonate from a remote hydrologically closed alpine lake in Tianshan Mountains, northwestern China. The hydroclimatic variations inferred from the covariance between δ18O carb and δ13C carb and published multi-proxy in the Lake Sayram together agree well with the records from the central Asia, showing enhanced effective moisture at the intervals of 4000-3780, 3590-3210, 2800-2160, 1700-1370 and 890-280 cal yr BP during the negative phase of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Comparison with European hydroclimatic changes on centennial scale, our records not only provide valuable insight into the hydroclimatic variations in central Asia, but also indicate all broadly contemporaneous changes with that of southern Europe whereas antiphase with that of northern Europe. We then conclude that the observed antiphase hydroclimatic pattern between northern Europe and southern Europe-central Asia on centennial time scale during the late Holocene were persistently controlled by the north-south migration of mid-latitude Westerlies and changes of NAO phase in response to solar irradiance forcing. However, further research is necessary to fully disentangle the natural and anthropogenic forcing mechanisms for enhanced effect moisture and/or precipitation in central Asia. • Paired δ18O carb and δ13C carb revealed enhanced effective moisture during the negative phase of NAO. • The hydroclimate in central Asia were contemporaneous with that of S Europe whereas antiphase with that of N Europe. • The hydroclimate in central Asia were contemporaneous with that of S Europe whereas antiphase with that of N Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]