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A new Sm-doped calcium oxyborate crystal, SmxGd1−xCa4O(BO3)3 (Sm:GdCOB), was grown by the Czochralski (Cz) method. The cell parameters were determined to be a = 8.0910 Å, b = 16.0090 Å, c = 3.5571 Å, β = 101.267°, and Z = 2 with the Cm space group. The density was determined to be 3.72 g cm−3 by the Archimedes method. The thermal properties, including thermal expansion coefficient, the thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) as well as specific heat were investigated systematically. The polarized absorption spectra, polarized fluorescence spectra, and fluorescence decay lifetimes of the Sm:GdCOB crystal were measured at room temperature. Based on the J–O theory, various spectra parameters, such as polarized absorption cross-section, intensity parameters, transition probabilities, radiative lifetime, and branching ratios were obtained, and the polarized stimulated emission cross-sections were determined. For the Sm:GdCOB crystal, excellent physical properties, such as rapid growth with large size, high specific heat (0.585 J g−1 K−1, RT), large quantum yield (76%), and strong emission around 600 nm predict potential application as a reddish-orange laser medium. In addition, the Sm:GdCOB crystal exhibits a distinct saturable absorption characteristic at 1064 nm, indicating that it can be used as a pulse modulation material in the solid-state laser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel nonlinear optical crystal Ca 3 Ta(Ga 0.7 Al 0.3) 3 Si 2 O 14 (CTGAS) was successfully grown by the Czochralski method. The structural, spectroscopic and thermal properties have been systematically investigated, and the laser frequency doubling process has also been explored. Excellent thermal properties have been presented, such as moderate thermal conductivity, high specific heat, and low thermal expansion anisotropy. The electronic structure and optical properties have been investigated using the XPS technique and simultaneous assisted first-principles calculations. The optimal phase matching in type I (40.45°, 30.0°) and type II (64.73°, 0°) orientations were determined, frequency-doubling output was achieved in type I and type II, with laser energies of up to 10.04 mJ and 10.14 mJ obtained @ 532 nm, and optical-to-optical conversion efficiencies of 14.04 % and 17.21 %, respectively. The experimental findings demonstrate the great potential of CTGAS crystal as a frequency-doubling material. • A novel nonlinear optical crystal Ca 3 Ta(Ga 0.7 Al 0.3) 3 Si 2 O 14 was successfully grown by the Czochralski method. • The structural, spectroscopic and thermal properties were been systematically investigated. • The electronic structure and optical properties have been investigated using first-principles calculations. • The laser frequency doubling of CTAGS crystals from 1064 nm to 532 nm was achieved in type I and type II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large size HoCa4O(BO3)3 (HoCOB) crystal was successfully grown by the Czochralski (Cz) method. Through single-crystal X-ray diffraction the cell parameters were determined to be a = 8.090(3) Å, b = 16.018(7) Å, c = 3.5317(14) Å, β = 101.28°(4) and Z = 2 with the space group Cm. The Archimedes method was used to measure the density which was 3.85 g cm−3. In the transmittance spectrum of HoCOB, there are strong absorption peaks from 200 to 680 nm and 1800 to 2200 nm, corresponding to the Stokes levels between 13 219 and 49 335 cm−1. The thermal and the piezoelectric properties were investigated under different temperatures. At 300 K around, the thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity, specific heat, and relative dielectric constant on the b axis direction (i.e. the unique two-fold axis direction) were 5.35 × 10−6 K−1, 2.18 W m−1 K−1, 0.58 g−1 K−1, and 12.5, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]